Name: pupal and adult injections for rnai and crispr gene editing in nasonia vitripennis
Uploaded: 2020-12-04T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Pupal and Adult Injections for RNAi and CRISPR Gene Editing in Nasonia vitripennis at JoVE.com

이 작품은 J.L.R.에 대한 1645331 O.S.A. 및 NSF/BIO 보조금으로 향하는 UCSD 스타트업 펀드에 의해 부분적으로 지원되었습니다.

1. 나소니아 사육
<ol><li>면에 연결된 작은 유리 테스트 튜브에 단독으로 ~ 20 개의 짝을 가진 여성을 설정합니다. 참고: 사육 공간을 줄이기 위해 10 x 85cm, 4mL 튜브가 최적입니다. 여성은 더 큰 날개와 배란의 존재(도 1A)로인해 남성과 쉽게 구별됩니다. N. vitripennis를 양육하기위한 자세한 프로토콜은 다른 문학13,14,<s...

<ol>
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최근 나소니아 비트리피스니체의 다양한 생물학적 질문2,3,7,17의모델 유기체로서 의외의 사용이 증가함에 따라, N. vitripennis 유전자의 기능 분석을 위한 단순화되고 효율적인 프로토콜을 가능하게 하기 위해 주입 방법을 개발하고 최적화할 필요가 있다. 유전자 편집 시약의 배아 미세 주?...

CRISPR/Cas9 유전자 편집은 기능성 유전 연구를 위한 강력한 기술이며, 특히 보석 말살, 나소니아 vitripennis와같은 많은 상승 모델 유기체에서. 사육의 용이성과 완전한 게놈의 가용성은 보석 말벌이 다른 생물학적 과정의 분자 메커니즘을 해명하기위한 중요한 실험 시스템입니다. 예를 들어, N. vitripennis는 최근에 haplodiploid 성 결정 시스템1,2,B 염색체3,4,5,6의생물학의 후성 유전학 적 기초를 해명하는 데 사용되었으며, circadian 및 계절 적조절7,8에대한 유전적기초가있다. N. vitripennis와 함께 작동 하도록 설정 하는 기능 중 일부는 짧은 세대 시간 포함 (~25°C에서 주), 높은 재생 속도, pupal 단계에서 쉽게 섹스 분리, 그리고 4°C에서 균주를 저장 하는 능력. 라이프 사이클은 여성 말벌이 블로우플라이, 사코카하 불라타의새끼를 기생시키는 것으로 시작됩니다. 그들의 ovipositor를 통해, 암컷은 블로우 플라이의 pupal 케이스에 50 개의 계란까지 누워. 계란은 S. bullata pupa에 먹이애로 발전하고, 앞으로 며칠 동안 계속 발전하고, 그 후에 강아지, 성숙한 백과기 및 호스트 puparium9에서출현에 선행됩니다.
RNA 간섭(RNAi)10 및 CRISPR/Cas911,12와같은 N. vitripennis에서기능성 유전 연구를 수행하는 분자 도구는 사용할 수 있지만, 주로 배아 미세주입을수행하는 데 어려움이 있기 때문에 제한된다. N. vitripennis 계란 개발을 위한 pupal 호스트를 필요로 하기 때문에, 계란 조작은 매우 도전. 전 -blastoderm 단계 배아는 호스트 블로우플라이 푸파에서 수집되어야하며, 신속하게 마이크로 주입하고 즉시 개발13을위해 호스트로 다시 옮겨져야 한다. 이러한 단계는 미세 주입 된 배아 또는 pupal 호스트(13)를손상시키지 않도록 정밀하고 전문적인 훈련이 필요합니다. 더욱이, 계란은 매우 작고 깨지기 쉬운, 특히 미세 주입 후, 주입 바늘의 지속적인 막힘을 일으키는 매우 점성 세포질(13). 이러한 기능은 배아 미세 주입을 매우 어렵게 만들며, 대부분의 N. vitripennis 실험실에서 결석한 고도로 훈련된 작업자와 특수 장비를 필요로 합니다.
CRISPR 시약의 전달을 위한 대체 주입 방법의 최적화는 모델 유기체로서 N. vitripennis의 통합에 기여할 것입니다. 강아지와 성인의 조작은 배아를 조작하는 것보다 덜 도전적이며 기본 주사 설정으로 달성 될 수 있습니다. 여기서, 두 가지 프로토콜은 푸파와 성인의 주사를 위해 기술된다: 주사를 위한 특수 한 장비를 관련시키는 하나, 및 유리 모세관 바늘을 장착한 아스피레이터 튜브 어셈블리의 사용을 관련시키는 다른. 흡구관의 사용은 배아 미세 주입을 위한 특수한 장비에 접근할 수 없는 실험실에 특히 적합합니다. 백색 또는 검은 새끼와 성인 말벌을 포함하여 N. vitripennis의다른 발달 단계의 효율적인 주사가 입증됩니다. 흰색 푸팔 단계에서 말벌은 RNAi 중재 녹다운 실험에 특히 적합합니다. 나소니아에서 RNAi는 처음 린치와 Desplan에 의해 설명 되었지만 200610,RNAi 주사가 수행 되는 방법에 대 한 사용할 수 있는 시각적 절차. RNAi는 최근에 B 염색체 PSR (아버지 성비율)3의 haploidizer 유전자를 발견하고 N. vitripennis 생물학적 리듬7에서시계 유전자, 기간의참여를 연구하기 위해 사용되었다.
검은 강아지와 성인 말벌은 ReMOT 제어를 사용하여 CRISPR / Cas9 생식선 유전자 편집을 유도하는 데 사용할 수 있습니다 (화물의 수용체 매개 난소 트랜스듀션) 및 BAPC (분지 수륙 양용 펩티드 캡슐) 프로토콜. 이들 2개의 난소 전달 방법은 최근에 표적 유전자, 신나바르7,12에서생식선 돌연변이를 생성하기 위한 나소니아에서 효과적이기 위하여 기술되었다. 여기서, 간단한 프로토콜은 특수 장비를 필요로하고 배아 미세 주입을 우회하지 않고, 나소니아에서 기능적 유전학 연구를 생성하고 다른 기생 말벌에서 가능성이 있는 pupal 및 성인 주사 모두에 대한 단계별 방법론의 시각적 절차를 포함하는 주사를 위해 제공됩니다.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>100 x 15 mm Stackable Petri Dishes, Polystyrene, Mono, Sterile</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>960-97693-083</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aluminosilicate glass capillary tubing 1 mm(outside diameter) x 0.58 mm (inner diameter)</td>
			<td>Sutter Instruments</td>
			<td>BF100-58-10</td>
			<td>Can also use Borosilicate or Quartz</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aspirator tube assemblies for calibrated microcapillary pipettes</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A5177-5EA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BAPC</td>
			<td>phoreus biotech</td>
			<td>BAPtofect-25 0.5 mg Kit</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cas9 Protein with NLS</td>
			<td>PNABio</td>
			<td>CP01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissecting needle</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>10806-330</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DNase/RNase-Free distilled Water</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>10977-015</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Femtojet Express programmable microinjector</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Femtotips Microloader tips</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>E5242956003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fine-tip paintbrush</td>
			<td>ZEM</td>
			<td>2595</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Flesh fly pupae,&#160;Sarcophaga bullata</td>
			<td>Ward&#39;s Science</td>
			<td>470180-392</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Food colorant dye</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass Test Tubes</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>982010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glue</td>
			<td>Elmer&#39;s</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>washable, no toxic school glue</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micropipette Puller</td>
			<td>Sutter Instruments</td>
			<td>P-1000 or P-2000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscope Slides</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>12-550-A3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereo Microscope</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>SZ51</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

pupal and adult injections for rnai and crispr gene editing in nasonia vitripennis

보석 말벌, 나소니아 vitripennis,haplo-diploid 성 결정의 후성 유전학을 연구 하는 효율적인 모델 시스템 되고있다, B 염색체 생물학, 호스트 공생 상호 작용, speciation, 그리고 독 합성. CRISPR/Cas9를 포함하여 몇몇 분자 공구의 가용성에도 불구하고, 기능적인 유전 연구는 아직도 이 유기체에서 제한됩니다. N. vitripennis에 CRISPR/Cas9 기술을 적용하는 주요 제한은 배아 미세 주입의 도전에서 비롯됩니다. 배아의 주사는 작은 배아 크기와 배아 발달을 위한 호스트 강아지의 요구 사항 때문에 이 유기체 및 일반적으로 많은 기생말에서 특히 어렵습니다. 이러한 과제를 해결하기 위해 Cas9 리보뉴클레오단백질 복합체는 배아 미세 주입이 아닌 성인 주사에 의한 여성 난소로의 복합 전달을 최적화하여 체세포 및 헤플라일성 세균 편집을 모두 생성했습니다. 주사 절차는 ReMOT 제어 (화물의 수용체 매개 난소 트랜스듀션) 또는 BAPC (분기 수륙 양용 펩티드 캡슐)를 사용하여 pupae및 여성 말벌에 최적화되었다. 이 방법은 사이트 특정 및 유전 성 생식선 돌연변이를 가능하게 하는 배아 주입에 효과적인 대안으로 표시됩니다.

이 논문은 펨토젯 또는 흡기 튜브를 사용하여 pupal 및 성인 미세 주입을위한 두 가지 쉬운 방법을 제시합니다. 첫 번째 방법은 RNAi 일관성에 중요한 액체를 보다 정밀하게 주입할 수 있지만 두 번째 방법은 나소니아 푸파또는 성인에게 더 많은 양의 액체를 주입할 수 있게 합니다.
표 1에 제시된 대표적인 결?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Pupal and Adult Injections for RNAi and CRISPR Gene Editing in Nasonia vitripennis at JoVE.com

Pupal and Adult Injections for RNAi and CRISPR Gene Editing in Nasonia vitripennis

여기서, 우리는 NASOnia vitripennis에 있는 효율적인 pupal 및 성인 주사를 위한 방법을 태아 micro주입에 접근하는 대안으로, RNA 간섭 (RNAi) 또는 CRISPR/Cas9 게놈 편집을 통해 유전자 녹아웃을 통해 RNA 침묵을 사용하여 관심있는 유전자의 기능적 분석을 가능하게 하는 방법을 기술합니다.

나소니아 vitripennis에서 RNAi와 CRISPR 유전자 편집을위한 푸팔과 성인 주사

The jewel wasp, Nasonia vitripennis, has become an efficient model system to study epigenetics of haplo-diploid sex determination, B-chromosome biology, ...

Research on non-canonical insect model, like parasitoid wasp, is limited because embryonic microinjection is very challenging. Our method bypasses this problem, enabling site-specific and heritable germline mutations. Injecting pupae or adult females is fast and removes the requirement for expensive equipment or specialized training required to achieve successful embryonic microinjections.This technique will allow no specialized labs that do not have access to expensive equipment to do functional studies in any insect species they are using as a model. After the optimization, this method can be used to study functional genetics of many other genes in Nasonia. We also think this method may be used to deliver nucleic acids for genetic transformation of Nasonia or other insects.Begin by setting up approximately 20 mated females singularly in small glass test tubes plugged with cotton. Add two S.bullata hosts per tube and maintain the wasps at 25 degrees Celsius and 30%relative humidity with a 12:12 light dark cycle for two to three days. After two to three days, gently remove the females using a fine tipped brush to avoid continuous over position and a synchrony in offspring development.Removed females can optionally be re-hosted or stored at five degrees Celsius for up to a month. Maintain the parasitized host at 25 degrees Celsius and 30%relative humidity with a 12:12 light dark cycle for seven days if the desired injection stage requires white pupae, for 13 days, if the required developmental stage is black pupae, or 14 days for young, newly emerged adults. When the desired stage is reached, crack open the host puparium with a dissecting needle to recover N.vitripennis pupae and adults.Prepare a glass slide by applying a line of school glue at the center. Spread the glue with the dissecting needle to obtain a thick layer, which will be used to align the pupae. Let the glue dry for approximately two minutes before transferring the pupae.Under a dissecting microscope, use a dissecting needle to apply glue on the back of the head of the pupa. Attach the pupa to the glue layer on the slide with its abdomen facing up. Align 20 to 30 pupae side-by-side on the slide.Place the slide with the pupae and a Petri dish to let the glue drive for approximately 10 minutes. Before starting the injections, test the adherence of the pupae to the glue by pushing them gently with the dissecting needle. If most of the pupae are loosened, prepare a new slide.Alternatively, remove all loose pupae and proceed to inject those that are properly attached to the slide. Load one capillary glass tube into a needle puller and pull needles following the manufacturer's instructions. Load the needle with five microliters of the prepared injection mixture using microloader pipette tips.Open the needle, sliding the tip on a surface made from two overlapping slides. Alternatively, open the tip of the needle with a pair of fine forceps to create a sharp edge. Place the slide with the aligned pupae under a dissecting microscope, then insert the needle into the femtojet's injection tube and tighten the grip head.Looking at the needle under the microscope, turn on the femtojet and set the compensation pressure and injection pressure parameters by rotating the rotary knobs. Carefully insert the needle between the second and third visible abdominal segments with a vertical angle of about 30 degrees. Inject with a continuous flow until the whole abdomen turns green in the case of white stage pupae or until the abdomen increases in size in the case of black pupae.Stop injecting when it is clear that the abdomen cannot take any more liquid or when the liquid starts flowing out of the body. Move carefully to the next pupa and repeat these steps. Transfer the slide with the injected pupae to a Petri dish.Cover the dish with its lid and place it at 25 degrees Celsius until wasp emergence. For adult preparation, separate groups of 20 virgin females in a clean small test tube with a fine paint brush. Place a glass slide on top of ice and align the female side by side on the cold slide with abdomens facing up under a dissecting scope.Load one needle with the ribonucleoprotein solution using a microloading tip and insert the needle into the connector pack of the aspirator tube assembly. Support the females from the opposite side with blunted dissecting needles, while injecting slowly into the abdomen. Avoid touching the ovipositor.This will severely damage this critical reproductive structure. Carefully insert the needle between the second and third visible abdominal segments with a vertical angle of about 30 degrees. Inject the solution into the female abdomen, stopping when no more liquid can enter or when leaking of surplus solution is observed.Move carefully to the next female and repeat these steps. When finished, gently transfer a single injected females to a new tube with one host using a paintbrush. Leave them to recover at room temperature for approximately one hour, confirm survival, and return the tubes to the rearing incubator.After adult eclosion from the injected pupae, place single wasps into a glass to plugged with cotton and insert one S.bullata host. For CRISPR/Cas9 knockout experiments, allow females to parasitize the host for one day and replace the host each day for three consecutive days. Place the parasitized host, set 25 degrees Celsius until emergence of the G0 male offspring, approximately 13 to 14 days.Under a dissecting microscope, screen G0 males for the mutated phenotypes. The cinnabar gene is responsible for eye pigmentation. Wasps with brown eyes are wild-type and wasps with bright red eyes or variations between red and brown eyes are mutants.This protocol can be used for either pupal or adult microinjection. Survival rates of this procedure range from 15 to 100%The efficiency of achieving the desired phenotype via RNAi or CRISPR without requiring laborious egg injections is shown here. When injecting pupae or adult females, the needle should be sharp and be introduced in a way that liquid should not leak immediately after injecting.If this happens, remove the needle, ensure that the tip is fine and sharp, change it if necessary or inject in a different location. Function analysis can be performed on the gene of interest targeted from this procedure. This will answer a question about the gene function and if the gene is necessary for the specific phenotype studied.

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Pupal and Adult Injections for RNAi and CRISPR Gene Editing in Nasonia vitripennis

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