Name: a syngeneic murine model of endometriosis using naturally cycling mice
Uploaded: 2020-11-24T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Syngeneic Murine Model of Endometriosis using Naturally Cycling Mice at JoVE.com

Vi vil takke medlemmene av Reizes-laboratoriet for deres kritiske gjennomgang og innsikt under utarbeidelsen av manuskriptet, samt Imaging and Histology-kjernene ved Lerner Research Institute for deres hjelp til datainnsamling og dataanalyse. Dette arbeidet ble støttet gjennom en intern bevilgning gjennom Forskningsprogramkomiteen ved Cleveland Clinic og av et eksternt tilskudd gjennom Society for Reproductive Investigation og Bayer. Forskning i Reizes Laboratory er også finansiert gjennom VeloSano Bike to Cure, Center of Research Excellence in Gynecologic Cancer, og gjennom Laura J. Fogarty Endowed Chair for Uterine Cancer Research. Cleveland Clinic eier opphavsrettstillatelsen for figur 1 og figur 2.

MERK: Bruken av dyr i denne studien ble godkjent av Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) ved Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute. Alle offentlig tilgjengelige standarder for dyrepleie og bruk ble utført etter retningslinjer fra National Institutes of Health. Denne prosedyren bruker aseptiske teknikker. Petri-parabolen er steril. PBS/saltvann som brukes er steril. De kirurgiske instrumentene for nekropsi og vev disseksjon steriliseres via autoklav. Vi bruker 70% EtOH på instrumentene mellom dyresa...

<ol>
	<li>Zondervan, K. T., Becker, C. M., Missmer, S. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endometriosis.">Endometriosis.</a> England Journal of Medicine. 382 (13), 1244-1256 (2020).</li><li>Schwartz, K., Llarena, N. C., Rehmer, J. M., Richards, E. G., Falcone, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+pharmacotherapy+in+the+treatment+of+endometriosis+across+the+lifespan.">The role of pharmacotherapy in the treatment of endometriosis across the lifespan.</a> Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 21 (8), 893-903 (2020).</li><li>Giudice, L. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinical+practice.+Endometriosis.">Clinical practice. Endometriosis.</a> New England Journal of Medicine. 362 (25), 2389-2398 (2010).</li><li>D'Hooghe, T. M., Debrock, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endometriosis,+retrograde+menstruation+and+peritoneal+inflammation+in+women+and+in+baboons.">Endometriosis, retrograde menstruation and peritoneal inflammation in women and in baboons.</a> Human Reproduction Update. 8 (1), 84-88 (2002).</li><li>Ahn, S. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pathophysiology+and+immune+dysfunction+in+endometriosis.">Pathophysiology and immune dysfunction in endometriosis.</a> BioMed Research International. 2015, (2015).</li><li>Falcone, T., Flyckt, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinical+management+of+endometriosis.">Clinical management of endometriosis.</a> Obstetrics and Gynecology. 131 (3), 557-571 (2018).</li><li>Vercellini, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Association+between+endometriosis+stage,+lesion+type,+patient+characteristics+and+severity+of+pelvic+pain+symptoms:+a+multivariate+analysis+of+over+1000+patients.">Association between endometriosis stage, lesion type, patient characteristics and severity of pelvic pain symptoms: a multivariate analysis of over 1000 patients.</a> Human Reproduction. 22 (1), 266-271 (2007).</li><li>Bulun, S. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endometriosis.">Endometriosis.</a> Endocrine Reviews. 40 (4), 1048-1079 (2019).</li><li>Brueggmann, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+three-dimensional+in+vitro+models+of+ovarian+endometriosis.">Novel three-dimensional in vitro models of ovarian endometriosis.</a> Journal of Ovarian Research. 7, 17 (2014).</li><li>Dodds, K. N., Beckett, E. A. H., Evans, S. F., Hutchinson, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lesion+development+is+modulated+by+the+natural+estrous+cycle+and+mouse+strain+in+a+minimally+invasive+model+of+endometriosis.">Lesion development is modulated by the natural estrous cycle and mouse strain in a minimally invasive model of endometriosis.</a> Biology of Reproduction. 97 (6), 810-821 (2017).</li><li>Martinez, J., Bisbal, V., Marin, N., Cano, A., G&#243;mez, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Noninvasive+monitoring+of+lesion+size+in+a+heterologous+mouse+model+of+endometriosis.">Noninvasive monitoring of lesion size in a heterologous mouse model of endometriosis.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments: JoVE. (144), (2019).</li><li>Pelch, K. E., Sharpe-Timms, K. L., Nagel, S. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+model+of+surgically-induced+endometriosis+by+auto-transplantation+of+uterine+tissue.">Mouse model of surgically-induced endometriosis by auto-transplantation of uterine tissue.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments: JoVE. (59), e3396 (2012).</li><li>Nishimoto-Kakiuchi, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spontaneous+endometriosis+in+cynomolgus+monkeys+as+a+clinically+relevant+experimental+model.">Spontaneous endometriosis in cynomolgus monkeys as a clinically relevant experimental model.</a> Human Reproduction. 33 (7), 1228-1236 (2018).</li><li>Nair, H. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+efficient+model+of+human+endometriosis+by+induced+unopposed+estrogenicity+in+baboons.">An efficient model of human endometriosis by induced unopposed estrogenicity in baboons.</a> Oncotarget. 7 (10), 10857-10869 (2016).</li><li>Lagan&#224;, A. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Translational+animal+models+for+endometriosis+research:+a+long+and+windy+road.">Translational animal models for endometriosis research: a long and windy road.</a> Annals of Translational Medicine. 6 (22), 431 (2018).</li><li>Bellofiore, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=First+evidence+of+a+menstruating+rodent:+the+spiny+mouse+(Acomys+cahirinus).">First evidence of a menstruating rodent: the spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus).</a> Amercian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 216 (1), 1-11 (2017).</li><li>Bruner-Tran, K. L., Mokshagundam, S., Herington, J. L., Ding, T., Osteen, K. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rodent+models+of+experimental+endometriosis:+identifying+mechanisms+of+disease+and+therapeutic+targets.">Rodent models of experimental endometriosis: identifying mechanisms of disease and therapeutic targets.</a> Current Women's Health Reviews. 14 (2), 173-188 (2018).</li><li>Bilotas, M. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interplay+between+endometriosis+and+pregnancy+in+a+mouse+model.">Interplay between endometriosis and pregnancy in a mouse model.</a> PloS One. 10 (4), 0124900 (2015).</li><li>Peterse, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Of+mice+and+women:+a+laparoscopic+mouse+model+for+endometriosis.">Of mice and women: a laparoscopic mouse model for endometriosis.</a> Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology. 25 (4), 578-579 (2018).</li><li>Richards, E. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=KLF11+is+an+epigenetic+mediator+of+DRD2/dopaminergic+signaling+in+endometriosis.">KLF11 is an epigenetic mediator of DRD2/dopaminergic signaling in endometriosis.</a> Reproductive Sciences. 224 (8), 1129-1138 (2017).</li><li>Jones, R. L., Lang, S. A., Kendziorski, J. A., Greene, A. D., Burns, K. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+a+Mouse+Model+of+Experimentally+Induced+Endometriosis+to+Evaluate+and+Compare+the+Effects+of+Bisphenol+A+and+Bisphenol+AF+Exposure.">Use of a Mouse Model of Experimentally Induced Endometriosis to Evaluate and Compare the Effects of Bisphenol A and Bisphenol AF Exposure.</a> Environmental Health Perspectives. 126 (12), 127004 (2018).</li><li>Greaves, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+mouse+model+of+endometriosis+mimics+human+phenotype+and+reveals+insights+into+the+inflammatory+contribution+of+shed+endometrium.">A novel mouse model of endometriosis mimics human phenotype and reveals insights into the inflammatory contribution of shed endometrium.</a> The American Journal of Pathology. 184 (7), 1930-1939 (2014).</li><li>Nothnick, W. B., Graham, A., Holbert, J., Weiss, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=miR-451+deficiency+is+associated+with+altered+endometrial+fibrinogen+alpha+chain+expression+and+reduced+endometriotic+implant+establishment+in+an+experimental+mouse+model.">miR-451 deficiency is associated with altered endometrial fibrinogen alpha chain expression and reduced endometriotic implant establishment in an experimental mouse model.</a> PloS One. 9 (6), 100336 (2014).</li></ol>

Vår studie viser at endometriosis kan på en pålitelig måte induseres hos mus uten å kreve bruk av ovariectomy og / eller overlevelse kirurgi, og at ektopiske endometrial lesjoner kan identifiseres og kvantifiseres ved hjelp av en standardisert undersøkelse av magen og histopologisk analyse.
Mange murine studier av endometriosis utnytte kirurgisk indusert endometriosis der donor endometrium er s...

Endometriosis er en gåtefull sykdom i den kvinnelige reproduktive kanalen med betydelige økonomiske og helsemessige byrder på kvinner1,2. Etiologien til endometriosis er ikke helt forstått, og flere forklaringer er foreslått, inkludert coelomic metaplasi, embryonale Müllerian hviler, rekruttering av benmarg avledet stamceller, og retrograd menstruasjon3. Mens flere aspekter av disse foreslåtte mekanismene kan være involvert, og ingen enkelt forklaring kan redegjøre for alle former for sykdommen, er den ledende modellen for endometriosis patogenese retrograd menstruasjon. Retrograd menstruasjon er passasjen av menstruasjonsavløp gjennom egglederne og inn i bukhulen; det er anslått at 90% av menstruerende kvinner regelmessig gjennomgår retrograd menstruasjon4,5. Gitt dette vanlige fenomenet retrograd menstruasjon, hvorfor endometriosis utvikler seg bare i en undergruppe av kvinner er uklart5. For bedre å forstå etiologien til denne sykdommen, er direkte menneskelige studier ikke gjennomførbare og dyrestudier er berettiget.
Endometriosis er en utfordring både å behandle og studere. Utbredelse av sykdommen er ikke kjent, men anslått til å være 10%1. Mens noen avanserte typer endometriosis kan identifiseres nøyaktig gjennom ikke-invasiv avbildning, oppnås en definitiv diagnose bare gjennom histopatologiske analyser av kirurgisk oppnådde biopsiprøver; lesjoner som visuelt ser ut til å være syke, kan faktisk være fibrose eller arrdannelse fra andre årsaker6. Alvorlighetsgrad og omfang av sykdom samsvarer ikke med symptomatologi7.
Endometriosis lesjoner består av heterogene celletyper og populasjoner som samhandler på komplekse måter innenfor mikromiljøet, og begrenser derfor nytten av cellulære modeller8,9. In vivo-modeller eksisterer, men disse har iboende utfordringer og begrensninger10,11,12. Primatmodeller er ideelle, men er ofte ikke gjennomførbare13,14,15. Få ikke-primatpattedyr menstruerer og utvikler endometriosis spontant16. Gnagermodeller av endometriosis eksisterer, men hver har begrensninger17. Mange av disse modellene krever overlevelseskirurgi for å suturere eller implantere endometrial vev i donormottakerveggen eller tarmen, legge til teknisk kompleksitet, behov for anestesi og forvirrende immunfaktorer fra selve operasjonen18,19,20. I tillegg krever mange modeller ovariektomi og østrogentilskudd; mens du øker lesjonsutbyttet, legger dette til tid, utgifter og ytterligere overlevelseskirurgi. Intraperitoneale (IP) injeksjonsmodeller krever ikke anestesi eller overlevelseskirurgi, og disse modellene simulerer logisk retrograd menstruasjon bedre enn suturing modeller21,22,23. De fleste IP-modeller er imidlertid gjenstand for mer variasjon i lesjonsplassering på grunn av den tilfeldige spredningen av endometriefragmenter etter injeksjon og derfor til mer skjevhet i lesjonsidentifikasjon og måling.
Her presenterer vi en murine modell av endometriosis som integrerer flere funksjoner i eksisterende endometriosis modeller i en ny, forenklet og effektivt system som er avhengig av mikroskopisk kvantifisering i stedet for subjektiv gradering.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
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			<td>Supplies for injecting PMSG into donor mouse</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 mL Tuberculin syringe with 27G needle</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14-826-87</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pregnant mare serum gonadotropin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>9002-70-4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Supplies for necropsy of donor mouse and tissue processing</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6&#8221; serrated forceps, curved tip</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td>72993-6C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>70% ethanol solution</td>
			<td>Pharmco</td>
			<td>33000HPLCCS4L</td>
			<td>70% solution dilute ethyl acetate 200 proof</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Analytical balance</td>
			<td>Mettler Toledo</td>
			<td>ME54TE</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carbon dioxide</td>
			<td>TriGas Supplier</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissecting tray</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>S14000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>No. 10 disposable scalpel</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>NC9999403</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scissors, curved</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td>72941</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scissors, straight</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td>72940</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereo microscope</td>
			<td>Leica Microsystems</td>
			<td>Leica SE 4</td>
			<td>For tissue dissection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS)</td>
			<td>Institutional core facility supplies</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical instrument sterilization tray</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td>66112-02</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue culture dishes</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>08-772E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Weighing dishes</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>02-202-103</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Supplies for injecting into recipient mouse</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 cc syringe</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>301025</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>18 G needle</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>148265d</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>200 uL pipette tip</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>02-707-422</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Double distilled water</td>
			<td>Institutional core facility supplies</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Latex bulb</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>03-448-21</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro cover glass slip</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>48366-067</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscope slide</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12-544-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Standard light microscope</td>
			<td>Leica Microsystems</td>
			<td>DM IL</td>
			<td>For evaluating vaginal cytology smears</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Supplies for harvesting tissue from recipient mouse</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10% Buffered formalin</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>SF100-4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biopsy foam pads</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>22-038-222</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Precision Digital Calipers</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td>62065-40</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Processing/embedding cassettes</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>22-272416</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
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a syngeneic murine model of endometriosis using naturally cycling mice

Endometriosis er en ledende årsak til bekkensmerter og infertilitet. Det er definert av tilstedeværelsen av endometrial vev i ekstrauterine steder. Utviklingen av nye terapier og diagnostiske verktøy for endometriosis har delvis vært begrenset på grunn av utfordringer med å studere sykdommen. Utenfor primater, få pattedyr menstruerer, og ingen utvikler spontan endometriosis. Gnagermodeller er populære, men krever kunstig induksjon av endometriosis, med mange som bruker enten immunkompromitterte mus eller kirurgisk indusert sykdom. Nylig har det blitt gitt mer oppmerksomhet til modeller som involverer intraperitoneal injeksjon. Vi presenterer en murine modell av endometriosis som integrerer flere funksjoner av eksisterende endometriosis modeller i en ny, forenklet system som er avhengig av mikroskopisk kvantifisering i stedet for subjektiv gradering. I denne modellen utfører vi hormonell stimulering av donormus, intraperitoneal injeksjon, systematisk abdominal undersøkelse og vevshøsting, og histopologisk kvantifisering som kan utføres og verifiseres når som helst etter nekropsi. Denne modellen krever minimale ressurser og opplæring; krever ikke ekspertise fra laboratorieteknikere i murin overlevelse kirurgi eller i identifisering av brutto endometriotic lesjoner; kan brukes i immunkompromitterte, immunkompompente og/eller mutante mus; og skaper pålitelig endometriotiske lesjoner som er histologisk i samsvar med menneskelig endometriotisk sykdom.

For et første konseptbeviseksperiment ble donor endometrium fra RFP-mus injisert i wildtype mottakermus. H&E-farging avslørte histopatologisk bekreftelse på klassisk arkitektur av endometriosis lesjon (Figur 3A). Fluorescerende mikroskopi bekreftet at den aktuelle observerte lesjonen stammer fra donoren (figur 3B).
Det andre eksperimentet ble utført ved hjelp av 10 wildtype C57BL/6J donorer og 10 mottakere. Ytterligere 5 mottakere...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Syngeneic Murine Model of Endometriosis using Naturally Cycling Mice at JoVE.com

A Syngeneic Murine Model of Endometriosis using Naturally Cycling Mice

Mange gnagermodeller av endometriosis er begrenset av teknisk kompleksitet, reproduserbarhet og / eller behov for immunkompromitterte dyr eller spesielle reportermus. Vi presenterer et forenklet system for lesjonsinduksjon ved hjelp av en eksperimentell mus med et uavhengig verifiserbart, objektivt poengsystem og uten krav om ovariektomi eller overlevelseskirurgi.

En Syngeneic Murine Modell av Endometriosis ved hjelp av naturlig sykling mus

Endometriosis is a leading cause of pelvic pain and infertility. It is defined by the presence of endometrial tissue in extrauterine locations. The ...

Our mirroring model of endometriosis is a simplified and efficient system that integrates the best features of existing models. And perhaps most importantly, relies on microscopic quantification in lieu of subjective grading. Modeling endometriosis can be difficult because there can be many confounding factors and sources of bias.In our approach, endometriosis is induced without ovariectomy or survival surgery. And the endometrial lesions are objectively quantified. These Innovations provide a highly reliable and reproducible animal model of endometriosis that can be used to further endometriosis disease research.To facilitate ongoing estrous cycling, place urine soaked bedding from a male mouse cage into the recipient female mouse cage periodically throughout development, and again at 72 hours before endometrial tissue transplant. When the donor female mice are between 22 to 24 days old, use a one milliliter syringe equipped with a 25 to 27 gauge needle to subcutaneously inject two international units of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin in 200 microliters of sterile saline into the lower mouse abdomen. 38 to 42 hours after injection, use dissecting scissors to make a shallow transverse incision through the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the euthanized mouse at the midline and use blunt traction to open the skin on either side of the incision.Before removing the uterus, trim the adjacent connective tissue and transact each uterine horn just below its respective fallopian tubes, then transect the cervix to allow removal of the entire uterus and block. Inspect the uterus carefully, removing any additional peripheral fat or connective tissue and place the uterus in a droplet of cold PBS on a Petri dish for weighing. Transect each horn across the uterine fundus as close to the fundus as possible and place the dish under a dissecting microscope.Placing one blade of the dissecting scissors inside the lumen of the first horn, cut along the major axis of the tube keeping in mind, which side is this serosa and which side is the epithelium. Then use forceps to grasp and peel away the endometrial layer and mince the tissue into 10 to 12, one by one millimeter fragments. Alternatively, mince the tissue into one by one millimeter pieces without separating off the myometrium.Then place the tissues into 500 microliters of saline in a new Petri dish and harvest the endometrium from the second uterine horn as demonstrated. For peritoneal delivery of the tissue fragments into the recipient animal, use the blunt end of a one milliliter syringe to collect the tissue pieces. A total volume of one milliliter of tissue and saline should be collected.Attach an 18 gauge needle to the syringe and gently depress the plunger to load the fluid into the needle. A mock injection into the Petri dish can be performed to ensure that all of the tissue will pass through the needle tip. Either before or after the injection, use a bulb syringe to administer 10 microliters of saline to obtain a vaginal smear of the recipient animal for estrous cycle documentation.Holding the syringe at a 45 degree angle, intraperitoneally inject the fragments. If fragments remain after the injection, draw an additional 200 microliters of saline into the syringe to allow the rest of the pragmatists to be injected. Once you're assured of no bleeding or complications, place the mouse back in the home cage with a normal diet.Approximately 21 days after fragment injection, spray the recipient mouse abdomen was 70%ethanol, intent the skin to allow creation of a superficial subcutaneous incision to bluntly open the abdomen. Perform a complete survey of the abdominal wall and peritoneum, pancreas and mesenteric fat and para uterine connective fat and tissue for gross lesions. Harvest each region of tissue entirely and place the dissected tissue samples into an appropriate labeled cassette for formalin fixation and processing according to standard protocols.Then section the formalin blocks onto two slides per tissue area at two uniform depths. To score the endometriosis lesions, scan the tissue sections at a 40 times magnification and archive the slides. After scanning, use an appropriate digital slide reading software program to define and mark the longest distance between the edges of each endometriosis lesion.A continuous lesion is defined by glands surrounded by stroma. The line does not necessarily traverse only the endometriosis tissue, but the two end points must be connected by continuous stroma and or glands. Make a second line, 90 degrees across the first line as demonstrated.If multiple non-contiguous lesions are encountered, give each their own X and Y measurements. Calculate the final score for each slide as the summation of the areas of each lesion and use the larger of the scores from the two sections on each slide as the final score for that tissue region. Then total the scores from each region to give the final microscopic score for that animal.In this representative sample, histopathologic analysis after donor endometrium injection revealed a classic architecture of endometriosis lesion. Fluorescent microscopy of the tissue sample confirmed that the lesion originated from the donor. It is important to note that the macroscopic examination for lesions alone is not sufficient for the quantification of the endometriosis disease burden as the gross lesions observed in these representative samples were ultimately determined not to be endometriosis upon histological examination.Collection of all the tissue within the designated regions reduces bias by allowing for a systematic, objective approach to lesion quantification. Once this reliable and reproducible model has been achieved, researchers can use it to investigate a multitude of endometriosis pathways and therapies.

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Mouse Model of Surgically-induced Endometriosis by Auto-transplantation of Uterine Tissue

Mus Modell av kirurgisk indusert Endometriose av Auto-transplantasjon av livmor Tissue

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Murine Model of Wound Healing

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Murine Cervical Heart Transplantation Model Using a Modified Cuff Technique

Murint Cervical hjertetransplantasjon Model Ved hjelp av en modifisert Cuff Technique

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A Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

En murine modell av subaraknoidalblødning

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A Preclinical Murine Model of Hepatic Metastases

En Preklinisk Murine Modell av levermetastaser

Numerous murine models have been developed to study human cancers and advance the understanding of cancer treatment and development. Here, a preclinical, ...

A "Patient-Like" Orthotopic Syngeneic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis

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The majority of cancer-related deaths are caused by the metastasis of the cancer rather than the primary tumor itself. Yet, the underlying mechanisms of ...

Injection of Syngeneic Murine Melanoma Cells to Determine Their Metastatic Potential in the Lungs

Injeksjon av syngene murine melanomceller til å bestemme sin metastatisk potensial i lungene

Approximately 90% of human cancer deaths are linked to metastasis.  Despite the prevalence and relative harm of metastasis, therapeutics for treatment or ...

Murine Distal Colostomy, A Novel Model of Diversion Colitis in C57BL/6 Mice

Murine distale Colostomy, en ny modell av avledning kolitt i C57BL/6 mus

Diversion colitis (DC) is a frequent clinical condition occurring in patients with bowel segments excluded from the fecal stream as a result of a ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

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The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...

Murine Cervical Aortic Transplantation Model using a Modified Non-Suture Cuff Technique

Murine cervical aorta transplantasjon modell ved hjelp av en modifisert ikke-Sutur cuff Technique

With the introduction of powerful immunosuppressive protocols, distinct advances are possible in the prevention and therapy of acute rejection episodes. ...