Name: a syngeneic murine model of endometriosis using naturally cycling mice
Uploaded: 2020-11-24T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Syngeneic Murine Model of Endometriosis using Naturally Cycling Mice at JoVE.com

Nos gustaría agradecer a los miembros del laboratorio Reizes por su revisión crítica y conocimientos durante la preparación del manuscrito, así como a los núcleos de Imágenes e Histología del Instituto de Investigación Lerner por su asistencia en la recopilación y análisis de datos. Este trabajo fue apoyado a través de una subvención interna financiada a través del Comité del Programa de Investigación en la Clínica Cleveland y por una subvención externa a través de la Sociedad para la Investigación Reproductiva y Bayer. La investigación en el Laboratorio Reizes también se financia a través de VeloSano Bike to Cure, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación en Cáncer Ginecológico, y a través de la Cátedra Laura J. Fogarty para la Investigación del Cáncer Uterino. Cleveland Clinic posee el permiso de derechos de autor para la Figura 1 y la Figura 2.

NOTA: El uso de animales en este estudio fue aprobado por el Comité Institucional de Cuidado y Uso de Animales (IACUC) en el Instituto de Investigación Lerner de la Clínica Cleveland. Todos los estándares de cuidado y uso de animales disponibles públicamente se realizaron siguiendo las pautas de los Institutos Nacionales de Salud. Este procedimiento utiliza técnicas asépticas. La placa de Petri es estéril. El PBS/solución salina utilizado es estéril. Los instrumentos quirúrgicos para la necropsia y la disecci...

<ol>
	<li>Zondervan, K. T., Becker, C. M., Missmer, S. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endometriosis.">Endometriosis.</a> England Journal of Medicine. 382 (13), 1244-1256 (2020).</li><li>Schwartz, K., Llarena, N. C., Rehmer, J. M., Richards, E. G., Falcone, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+pharmacotherapy+in+the+treatment+of+endometriosis+across+the+lifespan.">The role of pharmacotherapy in the treatment of endometriosis across the lifespan.</a> Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 21 (8), 893-903 (2020).</li><li>Giudice, L. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinical+practice.+Endometriosis.">Clinical practice. Endometriosis.</a> New England Journal of Medicine. 362 (25), 2389-2398 (2010).</li><li>D'Hooghe, T. M., Debrock, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endometriosis,+retrograde+menstruation+and+peritoneal+inflammation+in+women+and+in+baboons.">Endometriosis, retrograde menstruation and peritoneal inflammation in women and in baboons.</a> Human Reproduction Update. 8 (1), 84-88 (2002).</li><li>Ahn, S. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pathophysiology+and+immune+dysfunction+in+endometriosis.">Pathophysiology and immune dysfunction in endometriosis.</a> BioMed Research International. 2015, (2015).</li><li>Falcone, T., Flyckt, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinical+management+of+endometriosis.">Clinical management of endometriosis.</a> Obstetrics and Gynecology. 131 (3), 557-571 (2018).</li><li>Vercellini, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Association+between+endometriosis+stage,+lesion+type,+patient+characteristics+and+severity+of+pelvic+pain+symptoms:+a+multivariate+analysis+of+over+1000+patients.">Association between endometriosis stage, lesion type, patient characteristics and severity of pelvic pain symptoms: a multivariate analysis of over 1000 patients.</a> Human Reproduction. 22 (1), 266-271 (2007).</li><li>Bulun, S. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endometriosis.">Endometriosis.</a> Endocrine Reviews. 40 (4), 1048-1079 (2019).</li><li>Brueggmann, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+three-dimensional+in+vitro+models+of+ovarian+endometriosis.">Novel three-dimensional in vitro models of ovarian endometriosis.</a> Journal of Ovarian Research. 7, 17 (2014).</li><li>Dodds, K. N., Beckett, E. A. H., Evans, S. F., Hutchinson, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lesion+development+is+modulated+by+the+natural+estrous+cycle+and+mouse+strain+in+a+minimally+invasive+model+of+endometriosis.">Lesion development is modulated by the natural estrous cycle and mouse strain in a minimally invasive model of endometriosis.</a> Biology of Reproduction. 97 (6), 810-821 (2017).</li><li>Martinez, J., Bisbal, V., Marin, N., Cano, A., G&#243;mez, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Noninvasive+monitoring+of+lesion+size+in+a+heterologous+mouse+model+of+endometriosis.">Noninvasive monitoring of lesion size in a heterologous mouse model of endometriosis.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments: JoVE. (144), (2019).</li><li>Pelch, K. E., Sharpe-Timms, K. L., Nagel, S. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+model+of+surgically-induced+endometriosis+by+auto-transplantation+of+uterine+tissue.">Mouse model of surgically-induced endometriosis by auto-transplantation of uterine tissue.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments: JoVE. (59), e3396 (2012).</li><li>Nishimoto-Kakiuchi, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spontaneous+endometriosis+in+cynomolgus+monkeys+as+a+clinically+relevant+experimental+model.">Spontaneous endometriosis in cynomolgus monkeys as a clinically relevant experimental model.</a> Human Reproduction. 33 (7), 1228-1236 (2018).</li><li>Nair, H. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+efficient+model+of+human+endometriosis+by+induced+unopposed+estrogenicity+in+baboons.">An efficient model of human endometriosis by induced unopposed estrogenicity in baboons.</a> Oncotarget. 7 (10), 10857-10869 (2016).</li><li>Lagan&#224;, A. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Translational+animal+models+for+endometriosis+research:+a+long+and+windy+road.">Translational animal models for endometriosis research: a long and windy road.</a> Annals of Translational Medicine. 6 (22), 431 (2018).</li><li>Bellofiore, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=First+evidence+of+a+menstruating+rodent:+the+spiny+mouse+(Acomys+cahirinus).">First evidence of a menstruating rodent: the spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus).</a> Amercian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 216 (1), 1-11 (2017).</li><li>Bruner-Tran, K. L., Mokshagundam, S., Herington, J. L., Ding, T., Osteen, K. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rodent+models+of+experimental+endometriosis:+identifying+mechanisms+of+disease+and+therapeutic+targets.">Rodent models of experimental endometriosis: identifying mechanisms of disease and therapeutic targets.</a> Current Women's Health Reviews. 14 (2), 173-188 (2018).</li><li>Bilotas, M. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interplay+between+endometriosis+and+pregnancy+in+a+mouse+model.">Interplay between endometriosis and pregnancy in a mouse model.</a> PloS One. 10 (4), 0124900 (2015).</li><li>Peterse, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Of+mice+and+women:+a+laparoscopic+mouse+model+for+endometriosis.">Of mice and women: a laparoscopic mouse model for endometriosis.</a> Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology. 25 (4), 578-579 (2018).</li><li>Richards, E. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=KLF11+is+an+epigenetic+mediator+of+DRD2/dopaminergic+signaling+in+endometriosis.">KLF11 is an epigenetic mediator of DRD2/dopaminergic signaling in endometriosis.</a> Reproductive Sciences. 224 (8), 1129-1138 (2017).</li><li>Jones, R. L., Lang, S. A., Kendziorski, J. A., Greene, A. D., Burns, K. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+a+Mouse+Model+of+Experimentally+Induced+Endometriosis+to+Evaluate+and+Compare+the+Effects+of+Bisphenol+A+and+Bisphenol+AF+Exposure.">Use of a Mouse Model of Experimentally Induced Endometriosis to Evaluate and Compare the Effects of Bisphenol A and Bisphenol AF Exposure.</a> Environmental Health Perspectives. 126 (12), 127004 (2018).</li><li>Greaves, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+mouse+model+of+endometriosis+mimics+human+phenotype+and+reveals+insights+into+the+inflammatory+contribution+of+shed+endometrium.">A novel mouse model of endometriosis mimics human phenotype and reveals insights into the inflammatory contribution of shed endometrium.</a> The American Journal of Pathology. 184 (7), 1930-1939 (2014).</li><li>Nothnick, W. B., Graham, A., Holbert, J., Weiss, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=miR-451+deficiency+is+associated+with+altered+endometrial+fibrinogen+alpha+chain+expression+and+reduced+endometriotic+implant+establishment+in+an+experimental+mouse+model.">miR-451 deficiency is associated with altered endometrial fibrinogen alpha chain expression and reduced endometriotic implant establishment in an experimental mouse model.</a> PloS One. 9 (6), 100336 (2014).</li></ol>

Nuestro estudio demuestra que la endometriosis se puede inducir de manera confiable en ratones sin requerir el uso de ovariectomía y / o cirugía de supervivencia, y que las lesiones endometriales ectópicas se pueden identificar y cuantificar utilizando una encuesta estandarizada del abdomen y el análisis histológico.
Muchos estudios murinos de endometriosis utilizan endometriosis inducida quirú...

La endometriosis es una enfermedad enigmática del tracto reproductivo femenino con importantes cargas financieras y de salud para las mujeres1,2. La etiología de la endometriosis no se comprende completamente, y se han propuesto múltiples explicaciones que incluyen metaplasia celómica, restos müllerianos embrionarios, reclutamiento de células progenitoras derivadas de la médula ósea y menstruación retrógrada3. Si bien múltiples aspectos de estos mecanismos propuestos pueden estar involucrados, y ninguna explicación única puede explicar todas las formas de la enfermedad, el modelo principal de patogénesis de la endometriosis es la menstruación retrógrada. La menstruación retrógrada es el paso del efluente menstrual a través de las trompas de Falopio y hacia la cavidad peritoneal; se estima que el 90% de las mujeres que menstrúan regularmente se someten a la menstruación retrógrada4,5. Dado este fenómeno común de la menstruación retrógrada, no está claro por qué la endometriosis se desarrolla solo en un subconjunto de mujeres5. Para comprender mejor la etiología de esta enfermedad, los estudios directos en humanos no son factibles y se justifican los estudios en animales.
La endometriosis es un reto tanto para tratar como para estudiar. La prevalencia de la enfermedad no se conoce, pero se estima que es del 10%1. Si bien algunos tipos avanzados de endometriosis pueden identificarse con precisión a través de imágenes no invasivas, un diagnóstico definitivo solo se logra a través del análisis histopatológico de muestras de biopsia obtenidas quirúrgicamente; lesiones que visualmente parecen estar enfermas, de hecho pueden ser fibrosis o cicatrices por otras causas6. La gravedad y la extensión de la enfermedad no se correlacionan con la sintomatología7.
Las lesiones de endometriosis consisten en tipos celulares heterogéneos y poblaciones que interactúan de manera compleja dentro del microambiente, por lo tanto, limitando la utilidad de los modelos celulares8,9. Los modelos in vivo existen, pero estos tienen desafíos y limitaciones inherentes10,11,12. Los modelos de primates son ideales, pero a menudo no son factibles13,14,15. Pocos mamíferos no primates menstrúan y desarrollan endometriosis espontáneamente16. Existen modelos de endometriosis en roedores, pero cada uno tiene limitaciones17. Muchos de estos modelos requieren cirugía de supervivencia para suturar o implantar tejido endometrial en la pared receptora donante o en el intestino, agregando complejidad técnica, necesidad de anestesia y factores inmunes confusos de la cirugía en sí18,19,20. Además, muchos modelos requieren ovariectomía y suplementos de estrógeno; al tiempo que aumenta el rendimiento de la lesión, esto agrega tiempo, gastos y cirugía de supervivencia adicional. Los modelos de inyección intraperitoneal (IP) no requieren anestesia ni cirugía de supervivencia, y estos modelos lógicamente simulan la menstruación retrógrada mejor que los modelos de sutura21,22,23. La mayoría de los modelos IP, sin embargo, están sujetos a una mayor variabilidad en la ubicación de la lesión debido a la dispersión aleatoria de fragmentos endometriales después de la inyección y, por lo tanto, a un mayor sesgo en la identificación y medición de la lesión.
Aquí presentamos un modelo murino de endometriosis que integra varias características de los modelos de endometriosis existentes en un sistema novedoso, simplificado y eficiente que se basa en la cuantificación microscópica en lugar de la clasificación subjetiva.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Supplies for injecting PMSG into donor mouse</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 mL Tuberculin syringe with 27G needle</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14-826-87</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pregnant mare serum gonadotropin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>9002-70-4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Supplies for necropsy of donor mouse and tissue processing</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6&#8221; serrated forceps, curved tip</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td>72993-6C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>70% ethanol solution</td>
			<td>Pharmco</td>
			<td>33000HPLCCS4L</td>
			<td>70% solution dilute ethyl acetate 200 proof</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Analytical balance</td>
			<td>Mettler Toledo</td>
			<td>ME54TE</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carbon dioxide</td>
			<td>TriGas Supplier</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissecting tray</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>S14000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>No. 10 disposable scalpel</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>NC9999403</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scissors, curved</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td>72941</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scissors, straight</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td>72940</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereo microscope</td>
			<td>Leica Microsystems</td>
			<td>Leica SE 4</td>
			<td>For tissue dissection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS)</td>
			<td>Institutional core facility supplies</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical instrument sterilization tray</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td>66112-02</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue culture dishes</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>08-772E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Weighing dishes</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>02-202-103</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Supplies for injecting into recipient mouse</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 cc syringe</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>301025</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>18 G needle</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>148265d</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>200 uL pipette tip</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>02-707-422</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Double distilled water</td>
			<td>Institutional core facility supplies</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Latex bulb</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>03-448-21</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro cover glass slip</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>48366-067</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscope slide</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12-544-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Standard light microscope</td>
			<td>Leica Microsystems</td>
			<td>DM IL</td>
			<td>For evaluating vaginal cytology smears</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Supplies for harvesting tissue from recipient mouse</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10% Buffered formalin</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>SF100-4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biopsy foam pads</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>22-038-222</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Precision Digital Calipers</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td>62065-40</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Processing/embedding cassettes</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>22-272416</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a syngeneic murine model of endometriosis using naturally cycling mice

La endometriosis es una de las principales causas de dolor pélvico e infertilidad. Se define por la presencia de tejido endometrial en localizaciones extrauterinas. El desarrollo de nuevas terapias y herramientas de diagnóstico para la endometriosis ha sido limitado debido en parte a los desafíos en el estudio de la enfermedad. Fuera de los primates, pocos mamíferos menstrúan y ninguno desarrolla endometriosis espontánea. Los modelos de roedores son populares, pero requieren la inducción artificial de la endometriosis, y muchos utilizan ratones inmunocomprometidos o enfermedades inducidas quirúrgicamente. Recientemente, se ha prestado más atención a los modelos que involucran la inyección intraperitoneal. Presentamos un modelo murino de endometriosis que integra varias características de los modelos de endometriosis existentes en un sistema novedoso y simplificado que se basa en la cuantificación microscópica en lugar de la clasificación subjetiva. En este modelo, realizamos estimulación hormonal de ratones donantes, inyección intraperitoneal, estudio abdominal sistemático y recolección de tejidos, y cuantificación histológica que se puede realizar y verificar en cualquier momento después de la necropsia. Este modelo requiere recursos y capacitación mínimos; no requiere experiencia de técnicos de laboratorio en cirugía de supervivencia murina o en la identificación de lesiones endometriósicas macroscópicas; se puede utilizar en ratones inmunocomprometidos, inmunocompetentes y/o mutantes; y crea de manera confiable lesiones endometriósticas que son histológicamente consistentes con la enfermedad endometrióstica humana.

Para un experimento inicial de prueba de concepto, se inyectó endometrio de donantes de ratones RFP en ratones receptores de tipo salvaje. La tinción de H&E reveló la confirmación histopatológica de la arquitectura clásica de la lesión de endometriosis(Figura 3A). La microscopía fluorescente confirmó que la lesión observada en cuestión se originó en el donante (Figura 3B).
El segundo experimento se realizó utilizando 10 d...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Syngeneic Murine Model of Endometriosis using Naturally Cycling Mice at JoVE.com

A Syngeneic Murine Model of Endometriosis using Naturally Cycling Mice

Muchos modelos de roedores de endometriosis están limitados por la complejidad técnica, la reproducibilidad y / o la necesidad de animales inmunocomprometidos o ratones reporteros especiales. Presentamos un sistema simplificado de inducción de lesiones utilizando cualquier ratón experimental con un sistema de puntuación objetivo verificable de forma independiente y sin necesidad de ovariectomía o cirugía de supervivencia.

Un modelo murino singénico de endometriosis utilizando ratones de ciclo natural

Endometriosis is a leading cause of pelvic pain and infertility. It is defined by the presence of endometrial tissue in extrauterine locations. The ...

Our mirroring model of endometriosis is a simplified and efficient system that integrates the best features of existing models. And perhaps most importantly, relies on microscopic quantification in lieu of subjective grading. Modeling endometriosis can be difficult because there can be many confounding factors and sources of bias.In our approach, endometriosis is induced without ovariectomy or survival surgery. And the endometrial lesions are objectively quantified. These Innovations provide a highly reliable and reproducible animal model of endometriosis that can be used to further endometriosis disease research.To facilitate ongoing estrous cycling, place urine soaked bedding from a male mouse cage into the recipient female mouse cage periodically throughout development, and again at 72 hours before endometrial tissue transplant. When the donor female mice are between 22 to 24 days old, use a one milliliter syringe equipped with a 25 to 27 gauge needle to subcutaneously inject two international units of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin in 200 microliters of sterile saline into the lower mouse abdomen. 38 to 42 hours after injection, use dissecting scissors to make a shallow transverse incision through the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the euthanized mouse at the midline and use blunt traction to open the skin on either side of the incision.Before removing the uterus, trim the adjacent connective tissue and transact each uterine horn just below its respective fallopian tubes, then transect the cervix to allow removal of the entire uterus and block. Inspect the uterus carefully, removing any additional peripheral fat or connective tissue and place the uterus in a droplet of cold PBS on a Petri dish for weighing. Transect each horn across the uterine fundus as close to the fundus as possible and place the dish under a dissecting microscope.Placing one blade of the dissecting scissors inside the lumen of the first horn, cut along the major axis of the tube keeping in mind, which side is this serosa and which side is the epithelium. Then use forceps to grasp and peel away the endometrial layer and mince the tissue into 10 to 12, one by one millimeter fragments. Alternatively, mince the tissue into one by one millimeter pieces without separating off the myometrium.Then place the tissues into 500 microliters of saline in a new Petri dish and harvest the endometrium from the second uterine horn as demonstrated. For peritoneal delivery of the tissue fragments into the recipient animal, use the blunt end of a one milliliter syringe to collect the tissue pieces. A total volume of one milliliter of tissue and saline should be collected.Attach an 18 gauge needle to the syringe and gently depress the plunger to load the fluid into the needle. A mock injection into the Petri dish can be performed to ensure that all of the tissue will pass through the needle tip. Either before or after the injection, use a bulb syringe to administer 10 microliters of saline to obtain a vaginal smear of the recipient animal for estrous cycle documentation.Holding the syringe at a 45 degree angle, intraperitoneally inject the fragments. If fragments remain after the injection, draw an additional 200 microliters of saline into the syringe to allow the rest of the pragmatists to be injected. Once you're assured of no bleeding or complications, place the mouse back in the home cage with a normal diet.Approximately 21 days after fragment injection, spray the recipient mouse abdomen was 70%ethanol, intent the skin to allow creation of a superficial subcutaneous incision to bluntly open the abdomen. Perform a complete survey of the abdominal wall and peritoneum, pancreas and mesenteric fat and para uterine connective fat and tissue for gross lesions. Harvest each region of tissue entirely and place the dissected tissue samples into an appropriate labeled cassette for formalin fixation and processing according to standard protocols.Then section the formalin blocks onto two slides per tissue area at two uniform depths. To score the endometriosis lesions, scan the tissue sections at a 40 times magnification and archive the slides. After scanning, use an appropriate digital slide reading software program to define and mark the longest distance between the edges of each endometriosis lesion.A continuous lesion is defined by glands surrounded by stroma. The line does not necessarily traverse only the endometriosis tissue, but the two end points must be connected by continuous stroma and or glands. Make a second line, 90 degrees across the first line as demonstrated.If multiple non-contiguous lesions are encountered, give each their own X and Y measurements. Calculate the final score for each slide as the summation of the areas of each lesion and use the larger of the scores from the two sections on each slide as the final score for that tissue region. Then total the scores from each region to give the final microscopic score for that animal.In this representative sample, histopathologic analysis after donor endometrium injection revealed a classic architecture of endometriosis lesion. Fluorescent microscopy of the tissue sample confirmed that the lesion originated from the donor. It is important to note that the macroscopic examination for lesions alone is not sufficient for the quantification of the endometriosis disease burden as the gross lesions observed in these representative samples were ultimately determined not to be endometriosis upon histological examination.Collection of all the tissue within the designated regions reduces bias by allowing for a systematic, objective approach to lesion quantification. Once this reliable and reproducible model has been achieved, researchers can use it to investigate a multitude of endometriosis pathways and therapies.

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Mouse Model of Surgically-induced Endometriosis by Auto-transplantation of Uterine Tissue

Modelo de ratón de la endometriosis quirúrgicamente inducida por la Auto-trasplante de tejido uterino

Endometriosis is a chronic, painful disease whose etiology remains unknown. Furthermore, treatment of endometriosis can require laparoscopic removal of ...

Investigación

Medicina

Murine Model of Wound Healing

Modelo murino de Curación de Heridas

Wound healing and repair are the most complex biological processes that occur in human life. After injury, multiple biological pathways become activated. ...

Murine Cervical Heart Transplantation Model Using a Modified Cuff Technique

Murino Cervical Trasplante Cardiaco Modelo Usando una técnica de Cuff Modificado

Mouse models are of special interest in research since a wide variety of monoclonal antibodies and commercially defined inbred and knockout strains are ...

A Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Un modelo murino de hemorragia subaracnoidea

In this video publication a standardized mouse model of subarachnoid  hemorrhage (SAH) is presented. Bleeding is induced by endovascular Circle of  Willis ...

A Preclinical Murine Model of Hepatic Metastases

A preclínicos modelo murino de metástasis hepática

Numerous murine models have been developed to study human cancers and advance the understanding of cancer treatment and development. Here, a preclinical, ...

A "Patient-Like" Orthotopic Syngeneic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis

Un &quot;paciente-Like&quot; ortotópico Singénico modelo de ratón de carcinoma hepatocelular Metástasis

The majority of cancer-related deaths are caused by the metastasis of the cancer rather than the primary tumor itself. Yet, the underlying mechanisms of ...

Injection of Syngeneic Murine Melanoma Cells to Determine Their Metastatic Potential in the Lungs

La inyección de células de melanoma murino singénico para determinar su potencial metastásico en los pulmones

Approximately 90% of human cancer deaths are linked to metastasis.  Despite the prevalence and relative harm of metastasis, therapeutics for treatment or ...

Murine Distal Colostomy, A Novel Model of Diversion Colitis in C57BL/6 Mice

Murino colostomía Distal, un modelo novedoso de desvío Colitis en ratones C57BL/6

Diversion colitis (DC) is a frequent clinical condition occurring in patients with bowel segments excluded from the fecal stream as a result of a ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

Medición de la contractilidad isométrica de la arteria mesentérica de ratón con cable miografía

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...

Murine Cervical Aortic Transplantation Model using a Modified Non-Suture Cuff Technique

Modelo de trasplante de aórtica cervical murino utilizando una técnica de manguito no sutura modificada

With the introduction of powerful immunosuppressive protocols, distinct advances are possible in the prevention and therapy of acute rejection episodes. ...