Name: monitoring pedogenic inorganic carbon accumulation due to weathering of amended silicate minerals in agricultural soils.
Uploaded: 2021-06-04T13:30:00
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这项工作得到了思想商业化赠款食品的支持，该赠款由加拿大第一研究卓越基金资助。作为这笔赠款的一部分，加拿大沃拉斯顿特提供了工业财政支持。

1. 土壤采样方法和核心收集
<ol><li>根据土地高程、历史作物产量和/或土地管理战略，将规划和划界的农业用地面积划分为不同的地块。使用 GPS 接收器确定每个地块的平度，根据历史农场记录（低于平均水平、平均值、高于平均水平）和用于每个地块的土地管理策略（使用土壤修正类型（如果有的话）对作物产量进行分类。将标志放在每个绘图的边界上，以简化后续采样。 注： <strong class="xfi...

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R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Applying+Wollastonite+to+Soil+to+Adjust+pH+and+Suppress+Powdery+Mildew+on+Pumpkin.">Applying Wollastonite to Soil to Adjust pH and Suppress Powdery Mildew on Pumpkin.</a> HortTechnology. 29 (6), 811-820 (2019).</li><li>Mao, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phosphate+addition+diminishes+the+efficacy+of+wollastonite+in+decreasing+Cd+uptake+by+rice+(Oryza+sativa+L.)+in+paddy+soil.">Phosphate addition diminishes the efficacy of wollastonite in decreasing Cd uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.) in paddy soil.</a> Science of the Total Environment. 687, 441-450 (2019).</li><li>Hangx, S. J. T., Spiers, C. 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鉴于从受精农田采集样品通常比较困难，建议在施养之前收集样品。还建议避免从冰冻田地收集样品。不同区域的采样深度可能因垂直剖面的采样方便程度和地下水位的深度而异。选定的土壤取样装置取决于土壤结构和兴趣深度33。虽然在浅样品的情况下使用手探针/螺旋器更方便，但通常建议回收底土样品33时采用更高级的版本（例如可扩展的螺旋体）。在紧?...

二氧化碳是一种主要的温室气体，其大气中的浓度在不断增加。工业化前全球平均二氧化碳浓度约为百万分之315（ppm），截至2020年4月，大气中二氧化碳浓度上升至416ppm以上，从而导致全球变暖1。因此，降低这种吸热温室气体在大气中的浓度至关重要。Socolow2建议，到2070年将大气CO2的浓度稳定在500ppm之间，需要9个"稳定楔子"，其中每个稳定楔子都是一种单独的缓解方法，其大小为每年减排3.67亿克二氧化碳。
碳捕获和储存 （CCS） 是根据2015 年3月联合国气候变化大会发起的"使命创新倡议"的建议，减少大气中二氧化碳排放的主要技术。为了捕获大气二氧化碳，可用的三个主要储存选项是海洋储存、地质储存和矿物碳化4。CO2以矿物碳化为重点，通过将碱性土金属（主要是富含钙和镁的硅酸盐）转化为热力学稳定的碳酸盐，用于地质时间（超过数百万年）5。例如，橄榄石、苯甲苯和蛇形组矿物有发生矿物碳化6的潜力：然而，在正常情况下，这些反应受到慢反应动力学的限制。因此，为了在环境条件下加快这个过程，这些硅酸盐的精细梳理（粉碎/碾磨）形式可以应用于农业土壤，这个过程被称为陆地增强风化7。土壤是储存二氧化碳的天然水槽，目前是2500 Gt碳的蓄水池，是大气储层（800 Gt碳）8的三次。土壤和亚土中的致病过程通过两种主要的自然途径来调节大气中的二氧化碳，即有机物循环和碱性地球金属矿物的风化，分别影响有机和无机碳池。
据估计，每年约有1.1 Gt的大气二氧化碳通过化学岩石风化而矿化。富含钙和镁（如玄武岩）的硅酸盐岩石被认为是增强风化9、11、12的主要原料。一旦粉碎的含硅酸盐矿物质应用于农田，它们开始与溶解在土壤毛孔水中的二氧化碳发生反应，最后以稳定碳酸盐11、13的矿物沉淀结束。奥利文14号、15号、沃拉斯顿石（CaSiO3号）13号、多勒石和玄武岩16号是通过在先前的研究中加强风化而显示出碳封存潜力的矿物之一。尽管硅酸镁的二氧化碳封存能力更大，因此可能更大，但人们担心，由于Cr和Ni渗出对环境的潜在影响，以及可能存在的甲基颗粒物11、15、17、18，它们在农田中应用增强风化。作为一种含钙硅酸盐，沃拉斯顿石因其高反应性、简单的化学结构、对环境无害以及由于Ca离子与其二氧化硅基质的粘结性较弱而促进碳酸盐的产生而成为这一过程的主要候选者。在加拿大安大略省金斯敦开采的沃拉斯顿矿，目前由加拿大沃拉斯顿石为农业应用商业化，不含高浓度的危险金属。据估计，全球沃拉斯顿石储量超过1亿吨，其中中国、印度、美国、墨西哥、加拿大和芬兰为产量最高的国家22个。
据估计，加强硅酸盐矿物的风化可促进土壤健康，特别是作物增产和植物生长改善，从而有可能减少合成肥料的应用，从而进一步促进温室气体的减少。先前的研究曾报告说，在土壤中应用富含Ca的硅酸盐矿物为土壤介质中和酸度提供了基础，有利于作物生产23、24、25。这也妨碍了有毒金属的调动，易受酸性条件的影响，加强风化可能有助于通过土壤有机物增量11来延缓侵蚀。
方程1-3表明，通过用沃拉斯顿石修正土壤，如何将致氧碳固存为无机碳酸盐。环境二氧化碳通过雨水进入土壤，或通过微生物活动降解有机化合物在土壤中产生。一旦与土壤毛孔水接触，就会形成碳酸，从而分离形成碳酸氢盐和质子（等式1）。在植物的存在下，根渗出物，如柠檬酸和雄酸，被释放，这也提供质子在系统中。这些质子通过释放Ca离子并留下无定形二氧化硅（等式2）促进土壤中沃拉斯顿石的溶解。释放的Ca离子最终与碳酸氢盐反应，以碳酸盐（晶体方解石或其他品种，视地球化学条件而定）沉淀（方程3）。这种形成的碳酸钙成为土壤无机碳（SIC）的一部分26。
环境 CO2 索尔夫：
2CO2（g） =2H 2O（l） ↔ 2H2CO3（aq） ↔ 2HCO3- + 2H+ （1）
沃拉斯顿石溶解（H+ 从碳酸和根渗出分离）：
卡西奥3 （s） + 2 H+ → ca2 + H2O（l） + Sio2 （s） （2）
致病无机碳酸盐降水：
Ca2 + 2 HCO3- → CaCO3 =H 2O（l） + CO2 （g） （3）
在我们最近的工作中，通过将沃拉斯顿石应用于农业土壤，作为石灰石替代修正，加强了风化，在实验室和田间尺度上，以及短（几个月）和长（3年）的表土中，CaCO3降水都得到了有效。在实地研究中，化学和矿物学评估显示，SIC含量与沃拉斯顿石应用剂量（吨-公顷-1）13成正比地增加。在实验室研究中，矿物学分析表明，由于碳封存19，存在致病性碳酸盐。土壤中碳酸盐的形成取决于几个因素，最显著的因素是：地形、气候、地表植被、土壤生物过程和土壤物理化学特性27。我们先前的研究23确定了植物（一种长毛植物（绿豆）和一种非发光植物（玉米）在土壤中沃拉斯顿石风化和无机碳酸盐形成中的作用。我们正在进行的土壤和亚土的碳形成和迁移研究包括调查农业土壤中土壤碳酸盐的命运，这些碳酸盐最初形成于地土中，原因是矿物在不同深度和时间推移。据Zamanian等人27日介绍，随着当地降水速度的增加，自然产生的碳酸盐地平线离地表较远，而这个地平线的顶部通常出现在地表以下几厘米到300厘米之间。其他环境和土壤参数，如土壤水平衡、季节性动力学、母体材料中的碳酸盐含量、土壤物理性质等，也影响了27日这一事件的深度。因此，在所有机会中对土壤进行足够深度的采样，以便准确了解硅酸盐的增强风化导致的 SIC 的原始和增量水平，这一点具有重要意义。
在田间尺度上，一个重要的限制是硅酸盐土壤修正应用率低。由于对许多硅酸盐（如硅酸盐和橄榄石）对土壤和植物健康的影响知之甚不足，商业生产商避免测试更高的应用率，这可能导致严重的碳封存。由于应用率如此之低，以及大面积的作物田地，通常面临的研究挑战是确定当值相对较低时SIC的变化，并回收和分离硅酸盐颗粒和风化产品从土壤中研究形态和矿物学的变化。在我们过去的工作中，我们报告了沃拉斯顿石修正土壤的物理分馏（使用筛分）如何能够更好地了解风化过程，特别是致尿碳酸盐28的形成和积累。因此，在土壤的细分中检测到沃拉斯顿石和风化产品的含量较高，这在分析过程中提供了相当高的值，确保了更精确和可靠的结果。研究结果强调了通过筛分或其他隔离手段，可靠估计硅酸盐修正土壤中固碳积累的重要性。然而，分馏的程度可能因土壤而异，从硅酸盐到硅酸盐可能有所不同，因此应进一步研究。
对 SIC 的准确测量对于建立一个标准和科学程序至关重要，对于有兴趣分析 SIC 和（和有机碳）在土壤时间和深度上的演变的各个研究人员都可以采用该程序至关重要。这种方法使农民能够声称碳信用是由于SIC在其田间土壤中形成的。下列议定书详细描述了：（1）土壤硅酸盐修正后采用的土壤取样方法，说明所分析土壤数据的统计意义：（（2） 通过增强硅酸盐风化，提高生离子无机碳酸盐池变化量化精度的土壤分馏方法：（3） 因土壤硅酸盐修正而用于确定SIC封存率的计算步骤。为了这次示范，从加拿大沃拉斯顿石矿源的沃拉斯顿石被认为是应用于农业土壤的硅酸盐矿物，农业土壤被认为与安大略省南部农田中发现的类似。
我们先前的研究13中描述了用沃拉斯顿石修正农业土壤的程序（例如，确定每公顷施用的沃拉斯顿石的数量，以及在土壤中传播的方法）。我们以前和现在的工作研究领域是矩形地块：因此，直接随机抽样方法适合此类研究。这是一种常用的方法，因为它的成本低，时间要求低，并有能力提供足够的统计不确定性。同样，根据不同的现场条件和所需的统计意义水平，也可以使用分区或网格采样方法。土壤采样精度对于减少采样偏差导致的统计不确定性至关重要。使用统计数据时，实现低于 95% 的信心（即 p < 0.05）不被视为"统计显著"。然而，对于某些土壤研究，由于影响测量一般精度的现场条件下不受控制（即自然变化）参数的数量，置信度可能放宽到90%（即p<0.10）。在此协议中，收集两组样本，以调查 SIC 含量及其垂直剖面土壤的其他化学、矿物和形态特性。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Analytical scale</td>
			<td>Sartorius</td>
			<td>Quintix 224-S1</td>
			<td>Four decimals.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Calcimeter</td>
			<td>Eijkelkamp</td>
			<td>Model 08.53</td>
			<td>To determine the wt% CaCO3-equivalent in the sample.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Drying cabinet/muffle furnace</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>F48055-60</td>
			<td>50&#176;C or 103 &#177; 2&#176;C.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HCl</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A144S-500</td>
			<td>Reagent grade (36.5%-38.0%).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HNO3</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>T003090500</td>
			<td>Trace metal analysis grade (69.0%-70.0%)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS)</td>
			<td>PerkinElmer</td>
			<td>NexION</td>
			<td>To determine the concentration of Ca in the microwave-digested soil.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microwave digester</td>
			<td>PerkinElmer</td>
			<td>Titan</td>
			<td>To digest soils in concentrated HNO3.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pH meter</td>
			<td>Oakton</td>
			<td>700</td>
			<td>Calibrated with standard solutions before each set of measurements; temperature corrected to 25 &#176;C.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scanning Electron Microscope -Energy Dispersive Spectroscope (SEM-EDS)</td>
			<td>Oxford</td>
			<td>X-Max20 SSD</td>
			<td>To determine the morphology of soil particulates.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sieve shaker</td>
			<td>Retsch</td>
			<td>AS-200</td>
			<td>For soil fractionation.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Soil auger sampler</td>
			<td>Eijkelkamp</td>
			<td>01-16</td>
			<td>Depths down to 700 cm.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Soil Dakota probe sampler</td>
			<td>JMC</td>
			<td>PN139</td>
			<td>Depths down to 100 cm.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Soil probe sampler</td>
			<td>JMC</td>
			<td>PN031</td>
			<td>Depths down to 30 cm.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Soil moisture meter</td>
			<td>Extech</td>
			<td>MO750</td>
			<td>Measure moisture content up to 50%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence spectroscope (WDXRF)</td>
			<td>Malvern Panalytical</td>
			<td>Zetium</td>
			<td>To characterize elemental composition of soil.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>X-ray Diffraction analyzer (XRD)</td>
			<td>Panalytical</td>
			<td>Empyrean</td>
			<td>To characterize mineralogicalbproperties of soil.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

monitoring pedogenic inorganic carbon accumulation due to weathering of amended silicate minerals in agricultural soils.

本研究旨在展示一种系统程序，用于监测农业土壤中受污染岩石的风化而引起的无机碳。为此，从农业领域收集了不同深度（包括0-15厘米、15-30厘米和30-60厘米剖面）的核心土壤样本，其中顶土已经富含含有矿物质（如沃拉斯顿石）的碱性土金属硅酸盐。运到实验室后，土壤样本被风干和筛。然后，样品的无机碳含量由称为钙的体积法确定。此处提出的代表性结果表明，与控制土壤相比，与使用 Ca-硅酸盐修正的土壤中无机碳含量增加了五倍。这种成分变化伴随着修正后的土壤中超过1单位的pH度增加，这意味着硅酸盐的高度溶解。矿物学和形态学分析以及元素组成进一步证实了硅酸盐修正土壤无机碳含量的增加。本研究中提出的采样和分析方法可被研究人员和专业人士采用，以追踪土壤和底土中的无机碳变化，包括用玄武岩和橄榄酸等其他合适的硅酸盐岩石进行修正的方法。这些方法还可以作为私人和政府实体核实土壤无机碳封存的工具，以证明和奖励碳信用额度。

土壤的SIC含量可以使用各种方法确定，包括自动碳分析仪或钙化物。用于土壤碳测定总量的自动碳分析仪测量封闭容器30中积积的二氧化碳压力。在钙化中，测量酸化后释放的二氧化碳的进化体积，通常是通过添加含碳酸盐样品的浓缩HCl酸。计算方法相对简单，涉及简单的化学过程，因此适合以高精度（即可重复值）和足够的精度（即接?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Monitoring Pedogenic Inorganic Carbon Accumulation Due to Weathering of Amended Silicate Minerals in Agricultural Soils. at JoVE.com

Monitoring Pedogenic Inorganic Carbon Accumulation Due to Weathering of Amended Silicate Minerals in Agricultural Soils.

本文所述的验证方法可对用碱性土金属硅酸盐岩石（如沃拉斯顿石、玄武岩和橄榄石）修正的各种农业土壤中的致病性无机碳固存进行监测。这种验证对于碳信用计划至关重要，因为碳信用计划可以使将碳封存在田里的农民受益。

监测农业土壤中经修正的硅酸盐矿物风化造成的致病性无机碳积累。

The present study aims to demonstrate a systematic procedure for monitoring inorganic carbon induced by enhanced weathering of comminuted rocks in ...

此处描述的验证方法可对各种农业土壤中的致性、无机碳固存进行监测，这些土壤中含有碱性土金属硅酸盐（如沃拉斯顿石、玄武岩和橄榄石）的岩石。鉴于符合负排放碳信用条件的农民，私人或政府实体可以随时利用这种方法来验证土壤无机碳含量。在农业以外的地区，如牧场、林业或恢复的土地和阿德里安土壤，矿物的风化程度提高也可能导致碳封存。农业土壤的异质性，无论是外向的还是深度的，使得准确确定无机碳含量变得具有挑战性，样品的子采样也有助于降低精度。使用碳酸钙样品分隔线的标准添加、广泛的分析复制和统计分析可以帮助首次研究者获得对建议方法的信心。展示部分现场程序的将是斯蒂芬·范德堡，一个来自我们实验室的硕士生。首先使用 GPS 接收器确定每个绘图的平度，然后将标志放置在每个绘图的边界上，以简化后续采样。从每个子图中的随机点收集核心样本，每个子图一个。使用土壤探头或土壤核心取样器将土壤核心收集到零至 15 厘米、15 至 30 厘米和 30 至 60 厘米的三个深度区域。使用可伸远的螺旋器从其他地点收集深土样本，深度为 60 至 100 厘米、100 至 175 厘米和 175 至 250 厘米。将土壤样本转移到桶中，每个地块每个样本深度一个。手将每个桶中的土壤彻底混合，然后将便携式水分测试仪放入混合土壤样本中，等待水分含量固定在设备仪表上的一个稳定点。按下支架按钮，将值记录为混合土壤的实时水分含量。正确标记样品袋，并注索有关地块、土壤深度和采样日期的信息，然后将复合样品存放在袋子中。空气干燥土壤样品后，尽快采样，尽量减少土壤碳氧化。将土壤样本放在纸板箱中，在 50 摄氏度的干燥柜中放置 24 至 48 小时，直到土壤干燥。将空气干燥样品存放在样品袋中，直至进一步分析。在土壤分馏之前，通过两毫米筛运行土壤样本，以去除大块的岩石和植物残骸。烤箱将筛土放入维持在105摄氏度的消声炉中，至少持续15小时，从而干燥筛土。对于土壤分馏，将一公斤烤箱干燥样品放在筛子摇床的顶部网格上，由不同的网格大小组成。在 60 RPM 下摇动筛子 15 分钟。使用小于 50 微米的平底锅分数进行分析，因为这是致土碳酸盐富集土壤分数。要通过计算分析确定土壤样本的无机碳含量，将五克筛土样品放在适当的 Erlenmeyer 烧瓶中。将样品悬浮在20毫升超纯净水中。将七毫升四摩尔盐酸加入一个小平底玻璃试管中，然后用一对钳子将管子直立放在烧瓶内。通过固定橡胶塞，小心地将烧瓶连接到钙化物上。调整并读取毛刺中的初始水位，并通过将顶部阀门转向测量位置来密封其头部空间。摇动烧瓶，从而敲过酸管，直到毛刺中的水位达到恒定值，并且溶液中未观察到冒泡。此处显示了沃拉斯顿石修正土壤与未经处理的控制土壤相比的典型数据集。与控制相比，修正后的土壤的pH度提高了1.15个单位，碳酸钙含量提高了近5倍。在零至15厘米深的区域，修正后的土壤中与控制区相比，其含量高出四倍，其平底锅部分富含碳酸钙。两个深剖面样品的含量最高，因为这些样品自然存在于C地平线上的碳酸盐中。土壤中的各种氧化物是由WDXRF确定的。目前的主要氧化物是构成主要土壤矿物质、植物养分和碱性土金属的氧化物。此处显示了沃拉斯顿石修正土壤的 XRD 模式。目前的主要山峰是石英和白化病，它们是沙质、懒散土壤中的主要矿物。修正后的残余沃拉斯顿石和卵磷钙化物的峰值也可见。经过数周的风化后，使用 SEM 对沃拉斯顿石修正后的土壤进行了成像。仔细观察沃拉斯顿石粒子，就会看到地表发生的形态变化。通过获取样品的元素映射，对沃拉斯顿石表面进行了微分析。映射区域的 EDS 光谱揭示了其半定量化学特征。早期的元素图清楚地显示，检测到的硅和钙主要存在于血管沃拉斯顿石颗粒中。对散落在土壤样本中的较小碎片进行了斑点EDS分析。这些碎片富含碳和氧气，表明它们主要由有机物组成。在尝试此协议时，请记住，采样深度可能因垂直轮廓的采样方便性、表面土壤地平线的厚度、地下水位的深度和土壤结构而异。可在此程序中纳入对土壤和亚土剖面的稳定同位素和放射性碳特征进行测量，以进一步验证矿物修正田中大气二氧化碳的封存情况。

Research

JoVE Journal

Environment

Measurement of Greenhouse Gas Flux from Agricultural Soils Using Static Chambers

从农业土壤使用静态钱伯斯温室气体流量测量

Measurement of greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes between the soil and the atmosphere, in both managed and unmanaged ecosystems, is critical to understanding the ...

科研

环境科学

Characterization and Application of Passive Samplers for Monitoring of Pesticides in Water

表征和被动采样的应用在农药水监测

Five different water passive samplers were calibrated under laboratory conditions for measurement of 124 legacy and current used pesticides. This study ...

Extraction and Analysis of Microbial Phospholipid Fatty Acids in Soils

提取及土壤微生物磷脂脂肪酸分析

Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) are key components of microbial cell membranes. The analysis of PLFAs extracted from soils can provide information about ...

Assessment of Labile Organic Carbon in Soil Using Sequential Fumigation Incubation Procedures

活性有机碳评估土壤中连续熏蒸孵化程序

Management practices and environmental changes can alter soil nutrient and carbon cycling. Soil labile organic carbon, a readily decomposable C pool, is ...

Methods of Soil Resampling to Monitor Changes in the Chemical Concentrations of Forest Soils

土壤重采样的方法监控森林土壤的化学浓度的变化

Recent soils research has shown that important chemical soil characteristics can change in less than a decade, often the result of broad environmental ...

Measurement of the Rheology of Crude Oil in Equilibrium with CO2 at Reservoir Conditions

Measurement of the Rheology of Crude Oil in Equilibrium with CO2 at Reservoir Conditions

与CO平衡的原油流变学测量<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt;在水库条件

A rheometer system to measure the rheology of crude oil in equilibrium with carbon dioxide (CO2) at high temperatures and pressures is described. The ...

Continuous Instream Monitoring of Nutrients and Sediment in Agricultural Watersheds

农业流域营养盐和泥沙的连续河道监测

Pollutant concentrations and loads in watersheds vary considerably with time and space. Accurate and timely information on the magnitude of pollutants in ...

Continuous Hydrologic and Water Quality Monitoring of Vernal Ponds

春季池塘连续水文水质监测

Vernal ponds, also referred to as vernal pools, provide critical ecosystem services and habitat for a variety of threatened and endangered species. ...

The Plant Infection Test: Spray and Wound-Mediated Inoculation with the Plant Pathogen Magnaporthe Grisea

The Plant Infection Test: Spray and Wound-Mediated Inoculation with the Plant Pathogen Magnaporthe Grisea

植物感染试验: 以植物病原菌为载体的喷雾和伤口介导接种

Plants possess a powerful system to defend themselves against potential threats by pathogenic fungi. For agriculturally important plants, however, current ...

Preparation of Biomass-based Mesoporous Carbon with Higher Nitrogen-/Oxygen-chelating Adsorption for Cu(II) Through Microwave Pre-Pyrolysis

Preparation of Biomass-based Mesoporous Carbon with Higher Nitrogen-/Oxygen-chelating Adsorption for CuII Through Microwave Pre-Pyrolysis

微波热解法制备了更高氮素/氧螯合吸附的生物物质基介孔碳对 cu (ii) 的研究

An environment-friendly technique for synthesizing biomass-based mesoporous activated carbon with high nitrogen-/oxygen-chelating adsorption for Cu(II) is ...