Name: partial heterotopic hindlimb transplantation model in rats
Uploaded: 2021-06-09T14:45:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Partial Heterotopic Hindlimb Transplantation Model in Rats at JoVE.com

이 작품은 상 No. 아래 의회 지시 의학 연구 프로그램을 통해 보건 담당 국방부 차관실에 의해 지원되었다. W81XWH-17-1-0680. 의견, 해석, 결론 및 권고사항은 저자의 의견이며 반드시 국방부의 승인을 받지는 않습니다.

모든 동물은 실험실 동물의 관리 및 사용에 대한 NIH 가이드에 따라 인도적 치료를 받았습니다. 기관 동물 관리 및 사용 위원회 (IACUC 프로토콜 2017N000184) 및 동물 관리 및 사용 검토 사무실 (ACURO)는 모든 동물 프로토콜을 승인했습니다. 근친 남성 루이스 쥐 (250-400 g) 모든 실험에 사용 되었다.
1. 수술
<ol><li>루이스 쥐를 이소플루란 흡입을 사용하여 마취한다. 유도 챔버에서 5% ?...

<ol>
	<li>Lanteiri, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Feasibility,+reproducibility,+risks+and+benefits+of+face+transplantation:+a+prospective+study+of+outcomes.">Feasibility, reproducibility, risks and benefits of face transplantation: a prospective study of outcomes.</a> American Journal of Transplantation. 11 (2), 367-378 (2011).</li><li>Park, S. H., Eun, S. C., Kwon, S. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hand+transplantation:+current+status+and+immunologic+obstacles.">Hand transplantation: current status and immunologic obstacles.</a> Experimental and Clinical Transplantation. 17 (1), 97-104 (2019).</li><li>Cetrulo, C. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Penis+transplantation:+first+US+experience.">Penis transplantation: first US experience.</a> Annals of Surgery. 267 (5), 983-988 (2018).</li><li>Grajek, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=First+complex+allotransplantation+of+neck+organs:+larynx,+trachea,+pharynx,+esophagus,+thyroid,+parathyroid+glands,+and+anterior+cervical+wall:+a+case+report.">First complex allotransplantation of neck organs: larynx, trachea, pharynx, esophagus, thyroid, parathyroid glands, and anterior cervical wall: a case report.</a> Annals of Surgery. 266 (2), 19-24 (2017).</li><li>Pribaz, J. J., Caterson, E. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evolution+and+limitations+of+conventional+autologous+reconstruction+of+the+head+and+neck.">Evolution and limitations of conventional autologous reconstruction of the head and neck.</a> Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 24 (1), 99-107 (2013).</li><li>Lipson, R. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vascularized+limb+transplantation+in+the+rat.+I.+Results+with+syngeneic+grafts.">Vascularized limb transplantation in the rat. I. Results with syngeneic grafts.</a> Transplantation. 35 (4), 293-299 (1983).</li><li>Lipson, R. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vascularized+limb+transplantation+in+the+rat.+II.+Results+with+allogeneic+grafts.">Vascularized limb transplantation in the rat. II. Results with allogeneic grafts.</a> Transplantation. 35 (4), 300-304 (1983).</li><li>Adamson, L. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+modified+model+of+hindlimb+osteomyocutaneous+flap+for+the+study+of+tolerance+to+composite+tissue+allografts.">A modified model of hindlimb osteomyocutaneous flap for the study of tolerance to composite tissue allografts.</a> Microsurgery. 27 (7), 630-636 (2007).</li><li>Arav, A., Friedman, O., Natan, Y., Gur, E., Shani, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rat+hindlimb+cryopreservation+and+transplantation:+a+step+toward+"organ+banking".">Rat hindlimb cryopreservation and transplantation: a step toward "organ banking".</a> American Journal of Transplantation. 17 (11), 2820-2828 (2017).</li><li>Gok, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+an+ex-situ+limb+perfusion+system+for+a+rodent+model.">Development of an ex-situ limb perfusion system for a rodent model.</a> ASAIO Journal. 65 (2), 167-172 (2019).</li><li>Gok, E., Rojas-Pena, A., Bartlett, R. H., Ozer, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rodent+skeletal+muscle+metabolomic+changes+associated+with+static+cold+storage.">Rodent skeletal muscle metabolomic changes associated with static cold storage.</a> Transplantation Proceedings. 51 (3), 979-986 (2019).</li><li>Brandacher, G., Grahammer, J., Sucher, R., Lee, W. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+for+basic+and+translational+research+in+reconstructive+transplantation.">Animal models for basic and translational research in reconstructive transplantation.</a> Birth Defects Research. Part C, Embryo Today. 96 (1), 39-50 (2012).</li><li>Fleissig, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modified+heterotopic+hindlimb+osteomyocutaneous+flap+model+in+the+rat+for+translational+vascularized+composite+allotransplantation+research.">Modified heterotopic hindlimb osteomyocutaneous flap model in the rat for translational vascularized composite allotransplantation research.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments: JoVE. (146), e59458 (2019).</li><li>Ulusal, A. E., Ulusal, B. G., Hung, L. M., Wei, F. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heterotopic+hindlimb+allotransplantation+in+rats:+an+alternative+model+for+immunological+research+in+composite-tissue+allotransplantation.">Heterotopic hindlimb allotransplantation in rats: an alternative model for immunological research in composite-tissue allotransplantation.</a> Microsurgery. 25 (5), 410-414 (2005).</li><li>Jang, Y., Park, Y. E., Yun, C. W., Kim, D. H., Chung, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+vest-collar+as+a+rodent+collar+to+prevent+licking+and+scratching+during+experiments.">The vest-collar as a rodent collar to prevent licking and scratching during experiments.</a> Lab Anim. 50 (4), 296-304 (2016).</li><li>Kern, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+rodent+orthotopic+forelimb+transplantation+model+that+allows+for+reliable+assessment+of+functional+recovery+resulting+from+nerve+regeneration.">A novel rodent orthotopic forelimb transplantation model that allows for reliable assessment of functional recovery resulting from nerve regeneration.</a> American Journal of Transplantation. 17 (3), 622-634 (2017).</li><li>Perez-Abadia, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Low-dose+immunosuppression+in+a+rat+hind-limb+transplantation+model.">Low-dose immunosuppression in a rat hind-limb transplantation model.</a> Transplant International. 16 (12), 835-842 (2003).</li><li>Sucher, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Orthotopic+hind-limb+transplantation+in+rats.">Orthotopic hind-limb transplantation in rats.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (41), e2022 (2010).</li><li>Fleissig, Y. Y., Beare, J. E., LeBlanc, A. J., Kaufman, C. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evolution+of+the+rat+hind+limb+transplant+as+an+experimental+model+of+vascularized+composite+allotransplantation:+Approaches+and+advantages.">Evolution of the rat hind limb transplant as an experimental model of vascularized composite allotransplantation: Approaches and advantages.</a> SAGE Open Medicine. 8, 2050312120968721 (2020).</li><li>Lindboe, C. F., Presthus, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+denervation,+immobilization+and+cachexia+on+fibre+size+in+the+anterior+tibial+muscle+of+the+rat.">Effects of denervation, immobilization and cachexia on fibre size in the anterior tibial muscle of the rat.</a> Acta Neuropathologica. 66 (1), 42-51 (1985).</li><li>Nazzal, J. A., Johnson, T. S., Gordon, C. R., Randolph, M. A., Lee, W. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heterotopic+limb+allotransplantation+model+to+study+skin+rejection+in+the+rat.">Heterotopic limb allotransplantation model to study skin rejection in the rat.</a> Microsurgery. 24 (6), 448-453 (2004).</li></ol>

설치류의 정형소 사지 이식 모델은 문헌(15,16,17)에기재되어 있다. 그러나, 그들은 신경 수리가 필요, 근육 재부착, 그리고 대퇴골의 완벽한 골합성, 이는 매우 어려운 단계가 될 수 있습니다. 이러한 모델은 또한 설치류14에서더 높은 이환율 및 사망률과 연관되며, 특히 이식된 뒷다리의 정상적인 기능회복이 ?...

지난 2년간 VCA는 얼굴1,상반두 절단2,음경3및 기타 복잡한 조직 결함4,5를포함하여 심각한 손상을 입은 환자를 위한 혁신적인 치료법으로 진화해 왔다. 그러나, 평생 면역 억제의 결과는 아직도 이 복잡한 재건 수술의 더 넓은 적용을 방해합니다. 기본 연구는 거부 방지 전략을 개선하는 데 중요합니다. VCA 보존 시간을 늘리는 것은 이식 물류를 개선하고 기증자 풀을 늘리는 데도 필수적입니다 (VCA 기증자는 피부 톤, 해부학 크기, 성별을 포함한 견고한 장기 기증자보다 더 많은 기준을 충족해야하므로). 이러한 맥락에서, 쥐 사지 이식은 동종 이식6,7,신규 내성 유도 프로토콜8,보존 연구9,10,11의면역 거부에 대한 연구에서 널리 사용된다. 따라서 이러한 VCA 모델은 VCA 번역 연구를 마스터하는 핵심 요소입니다.
골연액은8,12,13,14에서VCA를 연구하는 신뢰할 수 있는 모델로 문헌에서 기술되었다. 직교 전지 이식은 이식 기능의 장기 평가를 허용하지만, 수술 후 사망률 및 사망률14와관련된 시간이 많이 소요되는 절차이다. 대조적으로, 이성애 사지 이식 모형은 비 기능적이지만, VCA에 재현가능한 연구를 가능하게 합니다. 수술 후 결과는 쥐 VCA 이식 연구의 시작 전에 안정적으로 예상될 수 있습니다. 이 연구는 3 주 간의 후속 기간 동안 수술 및 수술 후 발생할 수있는 빈번한 가능한 결과와 합병증을 포함하는 쥐의 부분 이성토성 골다움증 플랩 이식 모델을보고합니다.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>24 GA angiocatheter</td>
			<td>BD Insyte Autoguard</td>
			<td>381412</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-0 suture Black monofilament non absorbable suture</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>1667</td>
			<td>Used to suture the E-collar to the back of the neck</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-0 suture Coated Vicryl Plus Antibacterial</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>VCP496</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Adson Tissue Forceps, 11 cm, 1 x 2 Teeth with Tying Platform</td>
			<td>ASSI</td>
			<td>ASSI.ATK26426</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bipolar cords</td>
			<td>ASSI</td>
			<td>228000C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Black Polyamide Monofilament USP 10-0, 4 mm 3/8c</td>
			<td>AROSurgical</td>
			<td>T04A10N07-13</td>
			<td>Used to perform the microvascular anastomoses</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buprenorphine HCl</td>
			<td>Pharmaceutical, Inc</td>
			<td>42023-179-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dilating Forceps</td>
			<td>Fine science tools (FST)</td>
			<td>18131-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissecting Scissors 15 cm, Round Handle 8 mm diameter, Straight Slender Tapered Blade 7 mm, Lipshultz Pattern</td>
			<td>ASSI</td>
			<td>ASSI.SAS15RVL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Double Micro Clamps 5.5 x 1.5 mm</td>
			<td>Fine science tools (FST)</td>
			<td>18040-22</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Elizabethan collar</td>
			<td>Braintree Scientific</td>
			<td>EC-R1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forceps 13.5 cm long, Flat Handle, 9 mm wide Straight Tips 0.1 mm diameter (x2)</td>
			<td>ASSI</td>
			<td>ASSI.JFL31</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Halsey Micro Needle Holder</td>
			<td>Fine science tools (FST)</td>
			<td>12500-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparin Lock Flush Solution, USP, 100 units/mL</td>
			<td>BD PosiFlush</td>
			<td>306424</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>Patterson Veterinary</td>
			<td>14043-704-06</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Jewelers Bipolar Forceps Non Stick 11 cm, straight pointed tip, 0.25 mm tip diameter</td>
			<td>ASSI</td>
			<td>ASSI.BPNS11223</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lone Star Elastic Stays</td>
			<td>CooperSurgical</td>
			<td>3314-8G</td>
			<td>Used to retract the inguinal ligament for femoral vessels dissection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lone Star Self-Retaining Retractors</td>
			<td>CooperSurgical</td>
			<td>3301G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro-Mosquito Hemostats</td>
			<td>Fine science tools (FST)</td>
			<td>13010-12</td>
			<td>Used to retract the inguinal fat pad distally</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Needle Holder, 15 cm Round Handle, 8 mm diameter, Superfine Curved Jaw 0.2 mm tip diameter, without lock</td>
			<td>ASSI</td>
			<td>ASSI.B1582</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nylon Suture Black Monolfilament 8-0, 6.5 mm 3/8c</td>
			<td>Ethilon</td>
			<td>2808G</td>
			<td>Used to ligate collateral branches on the femoral vessels</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Offset Bone Nippers</td>
			<td>Fine science tools (FST)</td>
			<td>16101-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>S&#38;T Vascular Clamps 5.5 x 1.5 mm</td>
			<td>Fine science tools (FST)</td>
			<td>00398-02</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Walton scissors</td>
			<td>Fine science tools (FST)</td>
			<td>14077-09</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

partial heterotopic hindlimb transplantation model in rats

혈관 화 복합 동종 이식 (VCA)는 복잡한 조직 결함 후 자가 외과 가능성없이 환자를위한 가장 진보 된 재건 옵션을 나타냅니다. 얼굴과 손 이식은 환자의 삶을 변화시켰으며, 새로운 미적 및 기능성 사회 기관을 제공합니다. 유망한 결과에도 불구하고 VCA는 평생 면역 억제 및 전염성 합병증으로 인해 여전히 실적이 저조합니다. 쥐는 면역 학적 경로 와 접목 거부 메커니즘을 조사 하는 생체 내 연구에 대 한 이상적인 동물 모델. 쥐는 또한 관류 및 냉동 보존 연구를 포함하여 새로운 복합 조직 이식 보존 기술에 널리 사용됩니다. 쥐에서 VCA에 사용 되는 모델 재현 해야 합니다., 신뢰할 수 있는, 낮은 수술 후 이환율과 사망률. 이종성 사지 이식 절차는 이 기준을 충족하고 치열 하 사지 이식 보다 수행 하기 쉽습니다. 설치류 미세 수술 모델을 마스터하려면 미세 수술 및 동물 관리에 대한 견고한 경험이 필요합니다. 본명에서 쥐에서 부분 이종요법 골염 플랩 이식의 신뢰할 수 있고 재현 가능한 모델을 보고, 수술 후 결과, 잠재적인 합병증의 예방 수단.

이 단일 연산자 연구에서, 30 개의 시너지 이종 부분 사지 이식이 수행되었다. 성공은 VCA 실패 또는 안락사를 요구하는 합병증의 부재로 수술 후 21일에 정의되었습니다. 접목의 정상적인 진화는 도 3로표현된다. 수령인의 부분 사지 조달 및 이식 개시에 대한 평균 기간은 각각 35 분과 105 분이었습니다. 평균 허혈 시간은 105 분이었다. 후속 기간 동안, 합병증의 두 가지 유형이 ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Partial Heterotopic Hindlimb Transplantation Model in Rats at JoVE.com

Partial Heterotopic Hindlimb Transplantation Model in Rats

이 논문은 쥐에 있는 부분이성 골균 플랩 이식 프로토콜 및 중간 후속에 있는 그것의 잠재적인 결과를 제시합니다.

쥐의 부분 이종화 힌드래그 이식 모델

Vascularized composite allotransplantations (VCA) represent the most advanced reconstruction option for patients without autologous surgical possibilities ...

우리는 쥐에 있는 이성우 뒷다리 이식의 믿을 수 있고 재현가능한 외과 모형을 제시합니다. 이 기술은 VCA에 있는 보존 또는 면역 거부에 단기 적인 연구 결과 이상적입니다. 단계별 설명은 연수생이 신속하게 수술을 마스터 할 수 있습니다.시작하려면 다리의 단면 세 번째 에서 발목 위의 피부에 할례 절개를하십시오. 양극성 집게를 사용하여 포라이트 동맥의 사페누스 동맥과 말단 가지를 골격화하고 소생시킵니다. 위장골혈증, 솔레우스, 티비알리스 전방, 이두근 이두근이 노출될 때까지 이두근을 잘라냅니다.오른쪽 잉게날 주름에 2.5 센티미터 절개를하고 잉게인 지방 패드를 해부합니다. 잉구인인을 잡기 위해 물고기 후크 리트랙터를 사용합니다. 클램핑 집게로 구이성 지방 패드를 담그고 지방 패드를 철회하여 대퇴혈관을 노출시킵니다.대퇴선박을 해부하고, 머피 가지를 개별화하고, 8/0 나일론 넥타이로 리게이트를 한다. 27.5 게이지 바늘을 사용하여 음경 등쪽 정맥에 헤파린을 주입하여 기증자 쥐를 분리합니다. 엉덩이 주위의 피부 절개를 완료합니다.양극성 집게를 사용하여 이두근 여성용 골마비와 글루테우스 피상증 근육을 소생한 다음 중간 대퇴골 길이의 좌골 신경을 소생시키고 자른다. 대퇴골을 후방 대퇴 문장의 수준에서 근접하게 노출하고 인귀인인대의 수준에서 나일론 넥타이로 대퇴혈관을 호위한다. 합자 바로 아래에 있는 대퇴동맥에 대한 동맥 절제술을 수행하고 24게이지 협경화를 삽입합니다.대퇴골의 전방 측면을 노출하기 위해 페디클 아래에 남아있는 근육을 cauterize하고 잘라. 골 커터를 사용하여 경골을 근교로 자르고 대퇴골을 가능한 한 dis탈리게 자른다. 헤파린 식염수 의 두 밀리리터와 부분 뒷다리를 플러시하여 명확한 정맥 유출을 얻습니다.미생물 이송될 때까지 멸균 거즈에 뒤다리를 얼음 위에 놓습니다. 잉게인 지방 패드를 해부하고 대퇴 혈관을 노출하기 위해 disinal 지방 패드를 기울입니다. 후크를 사용하여 인내 인대와 클램핑 포스프를 철회하여 잉게날 지방 패드를 disinal지방 패드를 더 이상 유지합니다.대퇴선박을 해부하고, 머피 가지를 개별화하고, 나일론 넥타이를 가진 리게이트를 시연한다. 나일론 넥타이를 사용하여 상복부 선박 위에 두 선박을 리게이트합니다. 근사 클램프를 근교로 배치하고, 용기 렌즈를 팽창시키고, 헤파린 식염수로 헹구세요.엉덩이 위의 왼쪽 측면에 절개를하고 잉게인 주름에 피하 터널이있는 피하 포켓을 만듭니다. 미세 혈관 전달을 위한 피하 터널을 통해 부분 사지및 잉게인 지방 패드의 근접 부분을 놓습니다. 나일론 봉합사를 사용하여 정맥 과 동맥 해부학을 수행합니다.근사 클램프를 모두 제거하고 사지의 회전을 관찰합니다. 각 해부학의 가관성을 평가하기 위해 두 선박에 착유 테스트를 수행합니다. 이식된 사지의 내측에 세로 피부 절개를 하고 이식편을 삽입합니다.이식편의 과도한 피부를 제거하고 흡수 가능한 4/0 봉합사를 사용하여 별도의 봉합사및 실행 봉합사로 상처를 닫습니다. 이식된 사지의 잉구지방 패드와 수용자가 2개의 분리된 흡수성 봉합사를 사용하고, 미세혈관 해부학의 마지막 검진 후 잉게날 주름을 닫는다. 이성토성 뒷다리 모델의 진화는 연구가 끝날 때까지 모니터링되었다.모발 재성장은 수술 후 첫 주 동안 관찰되었고, 2주 후에 는 상처 가루가 나타났다. 혈관 화 복합 동종 이식 실패는 미세 혈관 혈전증으로 인해 첫 수술 후 주 동안 발생할 수 있습니다. 정맥 혈전증은 케이스의 20%에서 초기 안락사의 원인이었습니다, 모두는 수술 후 5일 전에 일어났습니다.피부는 파란색으로 나타났고 매일 어두워졌습니다. 자기 절단은 무감각 이식에 있는 심각한 관심사이고 수시로 수술 후 2일과 7일 사이에서 생깁니다. 접목 표면의 3분의 1 미만으로 제한되고 피부만 우려되는 경우, 흡수할 수 없는 봉합사를 사용한 외과적 신부및 봉합사는 직원과 상의할 수 있다.자기 절단의 예방은 수술 후 7 일까지 목에 바느질 된 e 칼라를 사용하고 동물의 외과 적 상처에 혈액이나 지각을 청소하는 데 의존합니다. 이식편의 여러 층의 심한 자가통은 동물의 안락사로 이어집니다. 진피 낭종은 수술 후 14 일 후에 나타났으며 때로는 누공 앞에 피부 괴사 센터를 가지고 있었습니다.이식 착고가 동물이 외래되는 것을 막지 못하고 접목 삽입 중에 페디클이 꼬이거나 단단하지 않도록하는 것이 중요합니다. 우리 팀은 이식 전에 조달된 사지에 있는 보존 연구 결과를 수행했습니다. 정전기 냉간 저장의 다른 지속 시간의 효과 뿐만 아니라 다른 사지 관류 프로토콜 평가 되었습니다.

partial-heterotopic-hindlimb-transplantation-model-in-rats

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Murine Model of CD40-activation of B cells

Research on B cells has shown that CD40 activation improves their antigen presentation capacity. When stimulated with interleukin-4 and CD40 ligand (CD40L), human B cells can be expanded without difficulties from small amounts of peripheral blood within 14 days to very large amounts of highly-pure CD40-B cells (&gt;109 cells per patient) from healthy donors as well as cancer patients1-4. CD40-B cells express important lymph node homing molecules and can attract T cells in vitro5. Furthermore they efficiently take up, process and present antigens to T cells6,7. CD40-B cells were shown to not only prime na&iacute;ve, but also expand memory T cells8,9. Therefore CD40-activated B cells (CD40-B cells) have been studied as an alternative source of immuno-stimulatory antigen-presenting cells (APC) for cell-based immunotherapy1,5,10. In order to further study whether CD40-B cells induce effective T cell responses in vivo and to study the underlying mechanism we established a cell culture system for the generation of murine CD40-activated B cells. Using splenocytes or purified B cells from C57BL/6 mice for CD40-activation, optimal conditions were identified as follows: Starting from splenocytes of C57BL/6 mice (haplotype H-2b) lymphocytes are purified by density gradient centrifugation and co-cultured with HeLa cells expressing recombinant murine CD40 ligand (tmuCD40L HeLa)11. Cells are recultured every 3-4 days and key components such as CD40L, interleukin-4, -Mercaptoethanol and cyclosporin A are replenished. In this protocol we demonstrate how to obtain fully activated murine CD40-B cells (mCD40B) with similar APC-phenotype to human CD40-B cells (Fig 1a,b). CD40-stimulation leads to a rapid outgrowth and expansion of highly pure (&gt;90%) CD19+ B cells within 14 days of cell culture (Fig 1c,d). To avoid contamination with non-transfected cells, expression of the murine CD40 ligand on the transfectants has to be controlled regularly (Fig 2). Murine CD40-activated B cells can be used to study B-cell activation and differentiation as well as to investigate their potential to function as APC in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, they represent a promising tool for establishing therapeutic or preventive vaccination against tumors and will help to answer questions regarding safety and immunogenicity of this approach12.

In this video, we demonstrate the procedure of CD40-activation and expansion of murine B cells from splenocytes of C57BL/6 mice, which can be used as a model antigen-presenting cell (APC) to study induction of immunity.

B 세포의 CD40 - 정품 인증 Murine 모델

Research on B cells has shown that CD40 activation improves their antigen presentation capacity. When stimulated with interleukin-4 and CD40 ligand ...

연구

면역학 및 감염병학

Orthotopic Hind-Limb Transplantation in Rats

Composite tissue allotransplantation (CTA) now represents a valid therapeutic option after the loss of a hand, forearm or digits and has become a novel therapeutic entity in reconstructive surgery. However, long term high-dose multi-drug immunosuppressive therapy is required to ensure graft survival, bearing the risk of serious side effects which halters broader application. Further progression in this field may depend on better understanding of basic immunology and ischemia reperfusion injury in composite tissue grafts.
To date, orthotopic hind limb transplantation in rats has been the preferred rodent model for reconstructive transplantation (RT), however, it is an extremely demanding procedure that requires extraordinary microsurgical skills for reattachment of vasculature, bones, muscles and nerves.
We have introduced the vascular cuff anastomosis technique to this model, providing a rapid and reliable approach to rat hind limb transplantation. This technique simplifies and shortens the surgical procedure and enables surgeons with basic microsurgical experience to successfully perform the operation with high survival and low complication rates. The technique seems to be well suited for immunological as well as ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) studies.

Here we describe the orthotopic rat hind-limb transplantation procedure, which seems to be the gold standard in vivo model for composite tissue allotransplantation research.

쥐에서 Orthotopic 힌드 - 림브 이식

Composite tissue allotransplantation (CTA) now represents a valid therapeutic option after the loss of a hand, forearm or digits and has become a novel ...

In vivo Imaging Method to Distinguish Acute and Chronic Inflammation

Inflammation is a fundamental aspect of many human diseases. In this video report, we demonstrate non-invasive bioluminescence imaging techniques that distinguish acute and chronic inflammation in mouse models. With tissue damage or pathogen invasion, neutrophils are the first line of defense, playing a major role in mediating the acute inflammatory response. As the inflammatory reaction progresses, circulating monocytes gradually migrate into the site of injury and differentiate into mature macrophages, which mediate chronic inflammation and promote tissue repair by removing tissue debris and producing anti-inflammatory cytokines. Intraperitoneal injection of luminol (5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, sodium salt) enables detection of acute inflammation largely mediated by tissue-infiltrating neutrophils. Luminol specifically reacts with the superoxide generated within the phagosomes of neutrophils since bioluminescence results from a myeloperoxidase (MPO) mediated reaction. Lucigenin (bis-N-methylacridinium nitrate) also reacts with superoxide in order to generate bioluminescence. However, lucigenin bioluminescence is independent of MPO and it solely relies on phagocyte NADPH oxidase (Phox) in macrophages during chronic inflammation. Together, luminol and lucigenin allow non-invasive visualization and longitudinal assessment of different phagocyte populations across both acute and chronic inflammatory phases. Given the important role of inflammation in a variety of human diseases, we believe this non-invasive imaging method can help investigate the differential roles of neutrophils and macrophages in a variety of pathological conditions.

In vivo Imaging Method to Distinguish Acute and Chronic Inflammation

We describe a non-invasive imaging method for distinguishing inflammatory stages. Systemic delivery of luminol reveals areas of acute inflammation dependent upon MPO activity in neutrophils. In contrast, injection of lucigenin allows for visualization of chronic inflammation dependent upon Phox activity in macrophages.

생체 내 이미징 방법에 급성 및 만성 염증을 구별하는

Inflammation is a fundamental aspect of many human diseases. In this video report, we demonstrate non-invasive bioluminescence imaging techniques that ...

Long Term Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Airway Infection in Mice

A mouse model of chronic airway infection is a key asset in cystic fibrosis (CF) research, although there are a number of concerns regarding the model itself. Early phases of inflammation and infection have been widely studied by using the Pseudomonas aeruginosa agar-beads mouse model, while only few reports have focused on the long-term chronic infection in vivo. The main challenge for long term chronic infection remains the low bacterial burden by P. aeruginosa and the low percentage of infected mice weeks after challenge, indicating that bacterial cells are progressively cleared by the host.
This paper presents a method for obtaining efficient long-term chronic infection in mice. This method is based on the embedding of the P. aeruginosa clinical strains in the agar-beads in vitro, followed by intratracheal instillation in C57Bl/6NCrl mice. Bilateral lung infection is associated with several measurable read-outs including weight loss, mortality, chronic infection, and inflammatory response. The P. aeruginosa RP73 clinical strain was preferred over the PAO1 reference laboratory strain since it resulted in a comparatively lower mortality, more severe lesions, and higher chronic infection. P. aeruginosa colonization may persist in the lung for over three months. Murine lung pathology resembles that of CF patients with advanced chronic pulmonary disease.
This murine model most closely mimics the course of the human disease and can be used both for studies on the pathogenesis and for the evaluation of novel therapies.

Long Term Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Airway Infection in Mice

We describe the agar-beads method to establish persistent long-term chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa airway infection in the mouse model.

장기 만성<em&gt; 녹농균</em마우스의&gt;기도 감염

A mouse model of chronic airway infection is a key asset in cystic fibrosis (CF) research, although there are a number of concerns regarding the model ...

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients

The main concern in transplantation is to achieve specific tolerance through induction of regulatory cells. The understanding of tolerance mechanisms requires reliable models. Here, we describe models of tolerance to cardiac allograft in rat, induced by blockade of costimulation signals or by upregulation of immunoregulatory molecules through gene transfer. Each of these models allowed in vivo generation of regulatory cells such as regulatory T cells (Tregs), regulatory B cells (Bregs) or regulatory myeloid cells (RegMCs). In this manuscript, we describe two complementary protocols that have been used to identify and define in vitro and in vivo regulatory cell activity to determine their responsibility in tolerance induction and maintenance. First, an in vitro suppressive assay allowed rapid identification of cells with suppressive capacity on effector immune responses in a dose dependent manner, and can be used for further analysis such as cytokine measurement or cytotoxicity. Second, the adoptive transfer of cells from a tolerant treated recipient to a newly irradiated grafted recipient, highlighted the tolerogenic properties of these cells in controlling graft directed immune responses and/or converting new regulatory cells (termed infectious tolerance). These methods are not restricted to cells with known phenotypic markers and can be extended to any cell population. Furthermore, donor directed allospecificity of regulatory cells (an important goal in the field) can be assessed by using third party donor cells or graft either in vitro or in vivo. Finally, to determine the specific tolerogenic capacity of these regulatory cells, we provide protocols to assess the humoral anti-donor antibody responses and the capacity of the recipient to develop humoral responses against new or former known antigens. The models of tolerance described can be used to further characterize regulatory cells, to identify new biomarkers, and immunoregulatory molecules, and are adaptable to other transplantation models or autoimmune diseases in rodent or human.

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients

Here, we present a protocol to induce tolerance in transplantation, and assess in vitro and in vivo the suppressive capacity of distinct cell subsets from the recipient and the immune status of the recipient toward donor or exogenous antigens.

생체 외에서 그리고 Vivo에서 T, B 및 골수성 세포 진압 활동 및 이식 받는 체액 응답의 평가

The main concern in transplantation is to achieve specific tolerance through induction of regulatory cells. The understanding of tolerance mechanisms ...

A Recovery Cardiopulmonary Bypass Model Without Transfusion or Inotropic Agents in Rats

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is indispensable in cardiovascular surgery. Despite the dramatic refinement of CPB technique and devices, multi-organ complications related to prolonged CPB still compromise the outcome of cardiovascular surgeries, and may worsen postoperative morbidity and mortality. Animal models recapitulating the clinical usage of CPB enable the clarification of the pathophysiological processes that occur during CPB, and facilitate pre-clinical studies to develop strategies protecting against these complications. Rat CPB models are advantageous because of their greater cost-effectiveness, convenient experimental processes, abundant testing methods at the genetic or protein levels, and genetic consistency. They can be used for investigating the immune system activation and synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, compliment activation, and production of oxygen free radicals. The rat models have been refined and have gradually taken the place of large-animal models. Here, we describe a simple CPB model without transfusion and/or inotropic agents in a rat. This recovery model allows the study of the long-term multiple organ sequelae of CPB.

Here, we present a protocol to describe a simple recovery cardiopulmonary bypass model without transfusion or inotropic agents in a rat. This model allows the study of the long-term multiple organ sequelae of cardiopulmonary bypass.

수혈 또는 쥐 Inotropic 에이전트 없이 복구 심폐 바이패스 모델

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is indispensable in cardiovascular surgery. Despite the dramatic refinement of CPB technique and devices, multi-organ ...

An Immunological Model for Heterotopic Heart and Cardiac Muscle Cell Transplantation in Rats

Heterotopic heart transplantation in rats has been a commonly used model for diverse immunological studies for more than 50 years. Several modifications have been reported since the first description in 1964. After 30 years of performing heterotopic heart transplantation in rats, we have developed a simplified surgical approach, which can be easily taught and performed without further surgical training or background.
After dissection of the ascending aorta and the pulmonary artery and ligation of superior and inferior caval and pulmonary veins, the donor heart is harvested and subsequently perfused with ice-cold saline solution supplemented with heparin. After clamping and incising the recipient abdominal vessels, the donor ascending aorta and pulmonary artery are anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava, respectively, using continuous running sutures.
Depending on different donor-recipient combinations, this model allows analyses of either acute or chronic rejection of allografts. The immunological significance of this model is further enhanced by a novel approach of in-ear injection of vital cardiac muscle cells and subsequent analysis of draining cervical lymphatic tissue.

We describe a model of heterotopic abdominal heart transplantation in rats, implying modifications of current strategies, which lead to a simplified surgical approach. Additionally, we describe a novel rejection model by in-ear injection of vital cardiac muscle cells, allowing further transplant immunological analyses in rats.

쥐에 있는 이종 심혼 및 심장 근육 세포 이식을 위한 면역학 모형

Heterotopic heart transplantation in rats has been a commonly used model for diverse immunological studies for more than 50 years. Several modifications ...

Optimization of the Cuff Technique for Murine Heart Transplantation

Murine cardiac transplantation has been performed for more than 40 years. With advancements in microsurgery, certain new techniques have been used to improve surgical efficiency. In our lab, we have optimized the cuff technique with two major steps. First, we used the inner tube technique to insert a temporary inner tube into the external jugular vein and carotid artery blood vessel to facilitate eversion of the vessel over the cuff. Second, we performed complete heterotopic cardiac transplantation through the collaboration of two experienced surgeons. These modifications effectively reduced the operation time to 25 minutes, with a success rate of 95%. In this report, we describe these procedures in detail and provide a supplemental video. We believe that this report on the improved cuff technique will offer practical guidance for murine heterotopic heart transplantation and will enhance the utility of this mouse model for basic research.

We introduce an inner tube approach to the cuff technique for mouse cervical heterotopic heart transplantation to help evert the vessel over the cuff. We found that cooperation between two experienced surgeons markedly shortens the operation time.

뮤린 심장 이식을 위한 커프 기술의 최적화

Murine cardiac transplantation has been performed for more than 40 years. With advancements in microsurgery, certain new techniques have been used to ...

Bone Marrow Transplantation Procedures in Mice to Study Clonal Hematopoiesis

Clonal hematopoiesis is a prevalent age-associated condition that results from the accumulation of somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Mutations in driver genes, that confer cellular fitness, can lead to the development of expanding HSPC clones that increasingly give rise to progeny leukocytes harboring the somatic mutation. Because clonal hematopoiesis has been associated with heart disease, stroke, and mortality, the development of experimental systems that model these processes is key to understanding the mechanisms that underly this new risk factor. Bone marrow transplantation procedures involving myeloablative conditioning in mice, such as total-body irradiation (TBI), are commonly employed to study the role of immune cells in cardiovascular diseases. However, simultaneous damage to the bone marrow niche and other sites of interest, such as the heart and brain, is unavoidable with these procedures. Thus, our lab has developed two alternative methods to minimize or avoid possible side effects caused by TBI: 1) bone marrow transplantation with irradiation shielding and 2) adoptive BMT to non-conditioned mice. In shielded organs, the local environment is preserved allowing for the analysis of clonal hematopoiesis while the function of resident immune cells is unperturbed. In contrast, the adoptive BMT to non-conditioned mice has the additional advantage that both the local environments of the organs and the hematopoietic niche are preserved. Here, we compare three different hematopoietic cell reconstitution approaches and discuss their strengths and limitations for studies of clonal hematopoiesis in cardiovascular disease.

We describe three methods of bone marrow transplantation (BMT): BMT with total-body irradiation, BMT with shielded irradiation, and BMT method with no pre-conditioning (adoptive BMT) for the study of clonal hematopoiesis in mouse models.

Clonal hematopoiesis is a prevalent age-associated condition that results from the accumulation of somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem and progenitor ...

Purification and Expansion of Mouse Invariant Natural Killer T Cells for in vitro and in vivo Studies

Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells are innate-like T Lymphocytes expressing a conserved semi-invariant T cell receptor (TCR) specific for self or microbial lipid antigens presented by the non-polymorphic MHC class I-related molecule CD1d. Preclinical and clinical studies support a role for iNKT cells in cancer, autoimmunity and infectious diseases. iNKT cells are very conserved throughout species and their investigation has been facilitated by mouse models, including CD1d-deficient or iNKT-deficient mice, and the possibility to unequivocally detect them in mice and men with CD1d tetramers or mAbs specific for the semi-invariant TCR. However, iNKT cells are rare and they need to be expanded to reach manageable numbers for any study. Because the generation of primary mouse iNKT cell line in vitro has proven difficult, we have set up a robust protocol to purify and expand splenic iNKT cells from the iV&#945;14-J&#945;18 transgenic mice (iV&#945;14Tg), in which iNKT cells are 30 times more frequent. We show here that primary splenic iV&#945;14Tg iNKT cells can be enriched through an immunomagnetic separation process, yielding about 95-98% pure iNKT cells. The purified iNKT cells are stimulated by anti-CD3/CD28 beads plus IL-2 and IL-7, resulting in 30-fold expansion by day +14 of the culture with 85-99% purity. The expanded iNKT cells can be easily genetically manipulated, providing an invaluable tool to dissect mechanisms of activation and function in vitro and, more importantly, also upon adoptive transfer in vivo.

We describe a rapid and robust protocol to enrich invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells from mouse spleen and expand them in vitro to suitable numbers for in vitro and in vivo studies.

체외 및 생체 내 연구를 위한 마우스 불변 천연 킬러 T 세포의 정화 및 확장

Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells are innate-like T Lymphocytes expressing a conserved semi-invariant T cell receptor (TCR) specific for self or ...