Name: macrophage differentiation and polarization into an m2-like phenotype using a human monocyte-like thp-1 leukemia cell line
Uploaded: 2021-08-02T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization into an M2-Like Phenotype using a Human Monocyte-Like THP-1 Leukemia Cell Line at JoVE.com

路易斯维尔大学价格外科研究所得到约翰·普莱斯和芭芭拉·普劳顿·阿特伍德价格信托基金的财政支持。资金来源在研究的设计和进行以及数据的收集、管理、分析和解释方面没有作用。

注：此协议中描述的步骤概述见 图 1。购买了人类单细胞样白血病细胞系THP-1。进行了短串联重复分析，以验证 THP-1 细胞线。在无菌条件下执行所有步骤。THP-1单细胞系在悬浮中生长，不附着在细胞培养表面。通过机械应力或PMA的特定治疗，可以通过将单核细胞分化成大噬细胞来诱导粘性。
1. THP-1单细胞样细胞的培养和维护
<ol><li>设置 150s 的定?...

<ol>
	<li>Zhang, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cancer-associated+fibroblasts+enhance+tumor-associated+macrophages+enrichment+and+suppress+NK+cells+function+in+colorectal+cancer.">Cancer-associated fibroblasts enhance tumor-associated macrophages enrichment and suppress NK cells function in colorectal cancer.</a> Cell Death and Disease. 10 (4), 273 (2019).</li><li>Wang, J., Li, D., Cang, H., Guo, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Crosstalk+between+cancer+and+immune+cells:+Role+of+tumor-associated+macrophages+in+the+tumor+microenvironment.">Crosstalk between cancer and immune cells: Role of tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment.</a> Cancer Medicine. 8 (10), 4709-4721 (2019).</li><li>Soncin, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+tumor+microenvironment+creates+a+niche+for+the+self-renewal+of+tumor-promoting+macrophages+in+colon+adenoma.">The tumor microenvironment creates a niche for the self-renewal of tumor-promoting macrophages in colon adenoma.</a> Nature Communications. 9 (1), 582 (2018).</li><li>Mosser, D. M., Edwards, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exploring+the+full+spectrum+of+macrophage+activation.">Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation.</a> Nature Reviews Immunology. 8 (12), 958-969 (2008).</li><li>Mazzone, M., Menga, A., Castegna, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metabolism+and+TAM+functions-it+takes+two+to+tango.">Metabolism and TAM functions-it takes two to tango.</a> Federation of European Biochemical Societies Journal. 285 (4), 700-716 (2018).</li><li>Eum, H. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tumor-promoting+macrophages+prevail+in+malignant+ascites+of+advanced+gastric+cancer.">Tumor-promoting macrophages prevail in malignant ascites of advanced gastric cancer.</a> Experimental and Molecular Medicine. 52 (12), 1976-1988 (2020).</li><li>Qian, B. Z., Pollard, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Macrophage+diversity+enhances+tumor+progression+and+metastasis.">Macrophage diversity enhances tumor progression and metastasis.</a> Cell. 141 (1), 39-51 (2010).</li><li>Scheurlen, K. M., Billeter, A. T., O'Brien, S. J., Galandiuk, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metabolic+dysfunction+and+early-onset+colorectal+cancer+-+how+macrophages+build+the+bridge.">Metabolic dysfunction and early-onset colorectal cancer - how macrophages build the bridge.</a> Cancer Medicine. 9 (18), 6679-6693 (2020).</li><li>Bosshart, H., Heinzelmann, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=THP-1+cells+as+a+model+for+human+monocytes.">THP-1 cells as a model for human monocytes.</a> Annals of Translational Medicine. 4 (21), 438 (2016).</li><li>. The American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.atcc.org/products/all/TIB-202.aspx#generalinformation">https://www.atcc.org/products/all/TIB-202.aspx#generalinformation</a> (2021)</li><li>Baxter, E. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Standardized+protocols+for+differentiation+of+THP-1+cells+to+macrophages+with+distinct+M(IFNgamma+LPS),+M(IL-4),+and+M(IL-10)+phenotypes.">Standardized protocols for differentiation of THP-1 cells to macrophages with distinct M(IFNgamma+LPS), M(IL-4), and M(IL-10) phenotypes.</a> Journal of Immunological Methods. 478, 112721 (2020).</li><li>Genin, M., Clement, F., Fattaccioli, A., Raes, M., Michiels, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=M1+and+M2+macrophages+derived+from+THP-1+cells+differentially+modulate+the+response+of+cancer+cells+to+etoposide.">M1 and M2 macrophages derived from THP-1 cells differentially modulate the response of cancer cells to etoposide.</a> BMC Cancer. 15, 577 (2015).</li><li>Starr, T., Bauler, T. J., Malik-Kale, P., Steele-Mortimer, O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+phorbol+12-myristate-13-acetate+differentiation+protocol+is+critical+to+the+interaction+of+THP-1+macrophages+with+Salmonella+Typhimurium.">The phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate differentiation protocol is critical to the interaction of THP-1 macrophages with Salmonella Typhimurium.</a> PLoS One. 13 (3), 0193601 (2018).</li><li>Lund, M. E., To, J., O'Brien, B. A., Donnelly, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+choice+of+phorbol+12-myristate+13-acetate+differentiation+protocol+influences+the+response+of+THP-1+macrophages+to+a+pro-inflammatory+stimulus.">The choice of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate differentiation protocol influences the response of THP-1 macrophages to a pro-inflammatory stimulus.</a> Journal of Immunological Methods. 430, 64-70 (2016).</li><li>Yin, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=IL-6/STAT3+pathway+intermediates+M1/M2+macrophage+polarization+during+the+development+of+hepatocellular+carcinoma.">IL-6/STAT3 pathway intermediates M1/M2 macrophage polarization during the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.</a> Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. 119 (11), 9419-9432 (2018).</li><li>O'Neill, L. A. J., Artyomov, M. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Itaconate:+the+poster+child+of+metabolic+reprogramming+in+macrophage+function.">Itaconate: the poster child of metabolic reprogramming in macrophage function.</a> Nature Reviews Immunology. 19 (5), 273-281 (2019).</li><li>Luig, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inflammation-induced+IL-6+functions+as+a+natural+brake+on+macrophages+and+limits+gn.">Inflammation-induced IL-6 functions as a natural brake on macrophages and limits gn.</a> Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 26 (7), 1597-1607 (2015).</li><li>Maruyama, K., Nemoto, E., Yamada, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanical+regulation+of+macrophage+function+-+cyclic+tensile+force+inhibits+NLRP3+inflammasome-dependent+IL-1beta+secretion+in+murine+macrophages.">Mechanical regulation of macrophage function - cyclic tensile force inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent IL-1beta secretion in murine macrophages.</a> Inflammation and Regeneration. 39, 3 (2019).</li><li>Gatto, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PMA-Induced+THP-1+Macrophage+Differentiation+is+Not+Impaired+by+Citrate-Coated+Platinum+Nanoparticles.">PMA-Induced THP-1 Macrophage Differentiation is Not Impaired by Citrate-Coated Platinum Nanoparticles.</a> Nanomaterials (Basel). 7 (10), (2017).</li><li>Maess, M. B., Wittig, B., Cignarella, A., Lorkowski, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reduced+PMA+enhances+the+responsiveness+of+transfected+THP-1+macrophages+to+polarizing+stimuli.">Reduced PMA enhances the responsiveness of transfected THP-1 macrophages to polarizing stimuli.</a> Journal of Immunological Methods. 402 (1-2), 76-81 (2014).</li><li>Daigneault, M., Preston, J. A., Marriott, H. M., Whyte, M. K., Dockrell, D. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+identification+of+markers+of+macrophage+differentiation+in+PMA-stimulated+THP-1+cells+and+monocyte-derived+macrophages.">The identification of markers of macrophage differentiation in PMA-stimulated THP-1 cells and monocyte-derived macrophages.</a> PLoS One. 5 (1), 8668 (2010).</li><li>Raggi, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+human+macrophage+M1-M2+polarization+balance+by+hypoxia+and+the+triggering+receptor+expressed+on+myeloid+cells-1.">Regulation of human macrophage M1-M2 polarization balance by hypoxia and the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1.</a> Frontiers in Immunology. 8, 11097 (2017).</li><li>Neutelings, T., Lambert, C. A., Nusgens, B. V., Colige, A. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+mild+cold+shock+(25+degrees+C)+followed+by+warming+up+at+37+degrees+C+on+the+cellular+stress+response.">Effects of mild cold shock (25 degrees C) followed by warming up at 37 degrees C on the cellular stress response.</a> PLoS One. 8 (7), 69687 (2013).</li><li>Kurashina, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enzyme-free+release+of+adhered+cells+from+standard+culture+dishes+using+intermittent+ultrasonic+traveling+waves.">Enzyme-free release of adhered cells from standard culture dishes using intermittent ultrasonic traveling waves.</a> Communications Biology. 2, 393 (2019).</li><li>Chen, S., So, E. C., Strome, S. E., Zhang, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impact+of+Detachment+Methods+on+M2+Macrophage+Phenotype+and+Function.">Impact of Detachment Methods on M2 Macrophage Phenotype and Function.</a> Journal of Immunological Methods. 426, 56-61 (2015).</li><li>Bailey, J. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+culture+of+murine+bone+marrow-derived+macrophages+for+nitric+oxide+and+redox+biology.">Isolation and culture of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages for nitric oxide and redox biology.</a> Nitric Oxide. 100-101, 17-29 (2020).</li></ol>

此关于在 14 天内区分和偏振 THP-1 单细胞状细胞的协议提供了一种方法，通过在步骤之间有足够休息时间的细胞进行长期治疗孵化，获得具有不同 M2 样表型的巨噬细胞。
某些步骤对此协议至关重要。THP-1单核细胞的加倍时间约为26小时。细胞可以以 9 x 105/mL的细胞密度进行分裂，每次分裂时应以 3 x 105/mL 的密度播种。分裂可以在不去除所有使用过的（旧）细胞?...

肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAM）及其在慢性炎症、癌症发病和肿瘤发育中的作用是最近研究1、2的重要目标。被招募到发育中的肿瘤组织微环境的外周血单核细胞分化成巨噬细胞，可分化成巨噬细胞3的两个主要亚型。经典激活的巨噬体主要代表亲炎M1样表型，而替代激活的M2样亚型主要表现出抗炎特性4。巨噬细胞可以根据细胞代谢在这两种主要表型之间动态切换，中间亚型具有炎症和抗炎特性5。TAM 代表两种表型的异质种群。然而，不同类型癌症的肿瘤促进功能和预后差，尤其与M2样巨噬细胞6、7、8有关。
巨噬细胞的功能特征及其与肿瘤微环境中其他细胞的相互作用，在肿瘤持续发展的不断变化的环境中具有复杂性和挑战性。细胞系可以提供同质细胞群，在培养中具有稳定的生存能力，从而促进演示定义的细胞和细胞间机制的过程。单核细胞样THP-1细胞系是原发性人类单核细胞9的合法模型系统。这种自发不朽的细胞系是从一名患有急性单细胞白血病的一岁婴儿的外周血液中获得的。THP-1细胞的分化和极化已经通过几项研究进行了报告，并以多种不同的方式进行了11、12、13、14。激活，因此，巨噬细胞的两极分化成M1样表型后，一个补偿性的抗炎反弹机制，促进M2样表型通过细胞因子产生的炎症性巨噬细胞，如间脂6（IL-6）或异位15，16。这可能作为一个断裂机制，以减轻细胞激活17后过度的炎症反应。将单核细胞和THP-1单核细胞分化成抗炎M2样表型的过程本身也伴随着必须克服的亲炎刺激。炎症细胞因子反应可由机械应激18引起，如改变介质以重新喂养细胞，或添加化合物来分化THP-1细胞，如磷12-肌酸13-醋酸酯（PMA），并诱导肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF+）、白细胞介质1+（IL-1+）或IL-6 19的产生。这种改变的细胞因子表达配置文件作为对PMA的反应可以影响和防止随后的巨噬细胞偏振20。充足的休息时间，如PMA治疗后报告，允许这些炎症反应减少和促进细胞偏振成一个独特的M2样表型21。
该协议演示了一种在 14 天内将 THP-1 单细胞状细胞分化和偏振成 M2 样巨噬细胞表型的方法。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>0.4% trypan blue</td>
			<td>VWR, Radnor, USA</td>
			<td>152-5061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1.5 mL microcentrifuge tube</td>
			<td>USA Scientific, Ocala, USA</td>
			<td>1615-5510</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10 mL serological pipet</td>
			<td>VWR, Radnor, USA</td>
			<td>&#160;89130-898</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1000 &#956;L TipOne pipet tips</td>
			<td>USA Scientific, Ocala, USA</td>
			<td>1111-2821</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15 mL&#160; Centrifuge tube</td>
			<td>VWR, Radnor, USA</td>
			<td>89039-664</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20 &#956;L TipOne pipet tips</td>
			<td>USA Scientific, Ocala, USA</td>
			<td>1120-1810</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>200 &#956;L TipOne pipet tips</td>
			<td>USA Scientific, Ocala, USA</td>
			<td>1120-8810</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>25 mL serological pipet</td>
			<td>VWR, Radnor, USA</td>
			<td>&#160;89130-900</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5 mL serological pipet</td>
			<td>VWR, Radnor, USA</td>
			<td>&#160;89130-896</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50 mL Centrifuge tube</td>
			<td>VWR, Radnor, USA</td>
			<td>89039-662</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Accutase solution 500 mL</td>
			<td>Sigma, St. Louis, USA</td>
			<td>A6964</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Antibiotic Antimycotic Solution (100x), stabilized</td>
			<td>Sigma, St. Louis, USA</td>
			<td>A5955-100 mL</td>
			<td>with 10,000 units penicillin, 10 mg of streptomycin and 25 &#956;g of amphotericin B per mL, sterile-filtered, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Binder CO2 Incubator</td>
			<td>VWR, Radnor, USA</td>
			<td>C170-ULE3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CytoOne T-75cm flask with filter cap</td>
			<td>USA Scientific, Ocala, USA</td>
			<td>CC7682-4875</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#8217;s Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS)</td>
			<td>Sigma, St. Louis, USA</td>
			<td>D8537-500 mL</td>
			<td>PBS without calcium chloride and magnesium chloride should be used, since both can alter macrophage polarization</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eppendorf Centrifuge 5804 R (refrigerated)</td>
			<td>Eppendorf, Enfield, USA</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethyl alcohol (70%)</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FACSCalibur flow cytometer</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences, San Diego, USA</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>The flow cytometer operates with CellQuest software (BD Biosciences)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Falcon 24-well plate</td>
			<td>VWR, Radnor, USA</td>
			<td>353504</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)</td>
			<td>ATCC, Manassas, USA</td>
			<td>30-2020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FITC Mouse Anti-Human CD14</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences, San Diego, USA</td>
			<td>555397</td>
			<td>Flow cytometry, myeloid cell marker (100 tests)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FITC Mouse Anti-Human CD80</td>
			<td>BD Pharmingen, San Diego, USA</td>
			<td>557226</td>
			<td>Flow cytometry, M1 marker (100 tests)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FITC Mouse IgG1 &#954; Isotype Control</td>
			<td>BD Pharmingen, San Diego, USA</td>
			<td>555748</td>
			<td>Flow cytometry, isotype control for CD80 (100 tests)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FITC Mouse IgG2a, &#954; Isotype Control</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences, San Diego, USA</td>
			<td>553456</td>
			<td>Flow cytometry, isotype control for CD14 (100 tests)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human BD Fc Block</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences, San Diego, USA</td>
			<td>564220</td>
			<td>Flow cytometry, Fc block (0.25 mg)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human interleukin 13 (IL-13)</td>
			<td>R&#38;D, Minneapolis, USA</td>
			<td>IL-771-10 &#956;g</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human interleukin 4 (IL-4)</td>
			<td>R&#38;D, Minneapolis, USA</td>
			<td>SRP3093-20 &#956;g</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Labconco Biosafety Cabinet (Delta Series 36212/36213)</td>
			<td>Labconco, Kansas City, USA</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Glutamine Solution, 200 mM</td>
			<td>ATCC, Manassas, USA</td>
			<td>30-2214</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli 0111:B4</td>
			<td>Sigma, St. Louis, USA</td>
			<td>L2630-100 mg</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mini Cell Scrapers</td>
			<td>Biotium, Fremont, USA</td>
			<td>22003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neubauer hemocytometer</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific, Waltham, USA</td>
			<td>02-671-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nikon Eclipse inverted microscope TS100</td>
			<td>Nikon, Melville, USA</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nuclease-free water</td>
			<td>Invitrogen, Carlsbad, USA</td>
			<td>AM9937</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Olympus Light Microscope RH-2</td>
			<td>Microscope Central, Feasterville, USA</td>
			<td>40888</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>P10 variable pipet- Gilson</td>
			<td>VWR, Radnor, USA</td>
			<td>76180-014</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>P1000 variable pipet-Gilson</td>
			<td>VWR, Radnor, USA</td>
			<td>76177-990</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>P200 variable pipet- Gilson</td>
			<td>VWR, Radnor, USA</td>
			<td>76177-988</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PE Mouse Anti-Human CD11b</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences, San Diego, USA</td>
			<td>555388</td>
			<td>Flow cytometry, myeloid cell marker (100 tests)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PE Mouse IgG1, &#954; Isotype Control</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences, San Diego, USA</td>
			<td>555749</td>
			<td>Flow cytometry, isotype control for CD11b (100 tests)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PE-Cy 5 Mouse Anti-Human CD206</td>
			<td>BD Pharmingen, San Diego, USA</td>
			<td>551136</td>
			<td>Flow cytometry, M2 marker (100 tests)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PE-Cy 5 Mouse IgG1 &#954; Isotype Control</td>
			<td>BD Pharmingen, San Diego, USA</td>
			<td>555750</td>
			<td>Flow cytometry, isotype control for CD206 (100 tests)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)</td>
			<td>Sigma, St. Louis, USA</td>
			<td>P8139</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Powerpette Plus pipettor</td>
			<td>VWR, Radnor, USA</td>
			<td>75856-448</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Precision Water bath (model 183)</td>
			<td>Precision Scientific, Chicago, USA</td>
			<td>66551</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI-1640 Medium</td>
			<td>ATCC, Manassas, USA</td>
			<td>30-2001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>THP-1 cell line, American Type Culture Collection (ATCC)</td>
			<td>ATCC, Manassas, USA</td>
			<td>TIB-202</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

macrophage differentiation and polarization into an m2-like phenotype using a human monocyte-like thp-1 leukemia cell line

肿瘤相关巨噬细胞 （TAM） 可以根据外部刺激切换其表达和细胞因子特征。这种非凡的可塑性使 TAM 能够适应肿瘤微环境内的持续变化。巨噬细胞可以主要具有抗炎（M1样）或抗炎（M2样）属性，并且可以在这两个主要状态之间不断切换。肿瘤环境中的M2样巨噬细胞与多种癌症的癌症进展和预后不佳有关。诱导THP-1细胞分化和极化的许多不同方法用于研究细胞和细胞间机制以及TAM在肿瘤微环境下的影响。目前，没有使用THP-1细胞系的M2样巨噬细胞偏振的既定模型，由于某些体外刺激，巨噬细胞的表达和细胞因子特征的结果因研究而异。此协议作为详细的指导，将 THP-1 单细胞状细胞区分为 M0 巨噬细胞，并在 14 天内将细胞进一步分化为 M2 样表型。我们使用光显微镜演示了THP-1单细胞状细胞、分化巨噬细胞和偏振M2样巨噬细胞的形态变化。该模型是细胞系模型研究TAM的抗炎作用及其与肿瘤微环境其他细胞群相互作用的基础。

以M2样巨噬细胞为特征，使用分化标记簇（CD）CD14、CD11b、CD80（M1样标记）和CD206（M2样标记）的流细胞学验证M2极化。流细胞测量染色是根据制造商的说明进行的。巨噬细胞用PBS/5%FBS清洗，并孵育与Fcé受体块，以避免未特定的结合。然后，细胞被HITCH结合的小鼠抗人类CD14和CD80抗体染色，与PE结合的小鼠抗人类CD11b抗体，并与PE-串联结合小鼠抗人类CD206抗体和同型匹配IgG（材料表）在4°C?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization into an M2-Like Phenotype using a Human Monocyte-Like THP-1 Leukemia Cell Line at JoVE.com

Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization into an M2-Like Phenotype using a Human Monocyte-Like THP-1 Leukemia Cell Line

M2样肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAM）与肿瘤进展和癌症预后不佳有关。本协议作为在 14 天内可重复区分和分化 THP-1 单细胞状细胞成 M2 样巨噬细胞的详细指南。该模型是研究TAM在肿瘤微环境内的抗炎作用的基础。

使用类似人类单细胞的THP-1白血病细胞系，将巨噬细胞分化和极化成M2样表型

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) can switch their expression and cytokine profile according to external stimuli. This remarkable plasticity enables TAM ...

抗炎肿瘤相关的巨噬细胞与癌症的进展和预后差有关。此协议是一个指南，在 14 天内将 THP-1 单细胞状细胞分化并分化为 M2 样巨噬细胞。目前没有既定的抗炎THP-1极化模型。此协议使用足够的休息时间和长时间的极化过程来创建独特的 M2 样巨噬体亚型。肿瘤发育，例如结肠癌和组织重塑，由抗炎巨噬细胞控制。在研究其功能的研究中，标准化地创建独特的 M2 样亚型可确保可重复的发现。首先设置一个定时器 150 秒。将含有THP-1细胞线的冷冻小瓶从液氮中取出，在37摄氏度的清洁水浴中立即解冻小瓶，小瓶一放入水浴中，立即启动定时器。松开盖以释放解冻过程中积聚的压力，确保管打开不接触水以避免污染。解冻细胞悬架，直到小瓶内留下约四毫米大小的冰片，并立即进入下一步。将细胞悬浮液的液相转移到含有9毫升温暖生长介质的15毫升管中。然后将一毫升的这种温暖的中等细胞悬浮到THP-1小瓶中，然后回到15毫升管中融化剩余的冰片，并冲洗小瓶，以确保没有留下任何细胞。用一毫升移液器上下轻柔地混合悬架。取出样品的大约10微升，以计数使用试穿蓝色生存能力的细胞。具有透明细胞质的细胞是可行的，蓝色细胞质表示细胞死亡。在计数时，在 37 摄氏度下以 200 倍 G 的速度旋转暖细胞悬浮 7 分钟。完全去除超高细胞，在生长介质中重新使用细胞，实现每毫升50万细胞的细胞密度。轻轻混合悬架，将 22 毫升转移到 T75 细胞培养瓶中。将烧瓶直立存放在37摄氏度的孵化器中，二氧化碳浓度为5%，每三到四天更换一次生长介质。准备细胞悬浮，以每口30万毫升的密度将细胞播种到24井细胞培养板中。轻轻混合介质，在50毫升管中加入26毫升的预制液位。将一毫升的含细胞介质转移到24井板的每个井中。通过在传输之间上下管道轻轻混合媒体。将 PMA 新制的工作解决方案保留在冰上，每口井加入 100 毫克 PMA。在孵化器中孵育板，无需再治疗72小时。72 小时后，取出生长介质，代之以一毫升新鲜生长介质，确保不用移液器尖触摸井底。让细胞在孵化器中再休息96小时。取出生长介质，代之以一毫升新鲜生长介质。每口井加入20毫克的间柳金4和20毫克的间柳金13。然后让细胞在孵化器中休息48小时。48 小时后重复整个过程，让细胞在孵化器中再休息 48 小时。取出生长介质，代之以一毫升新鲜生长介质。然后让细胞在孵化器中休息48小时。从每口井中取出温细胞介质，代之以一毫升冰冷PBS混合物，不含钙镁和5%FBS。然后立即将细胞板放在冰上45分钟。在冰上45分钟后，用迷你细胞刮刀刮掉细胞。在冰上保存的 15 毫升管中，轻轻将分离的巨噬细胞转移到冰冷的 PBS 和 5% FBS 中。两极分化法产生的巨噬细胞显示了CD14的表达，以及CD11b标记。单细胞和大噬细胞标记CD14和CD11b分别表示在70.9%和74.7%。细胞。在0.2%的细胞中，细胞显示M1样标记CD80的表面水平较低，62.6%的细胞显示M2样标记CD206的表面水平较低。由于中等温度的 THP-1 细胞倾向于沉入小瓶底部，并且容易通过机械应力激活，因此对细胞进行温和的混合和处理非常重要。M2 样巨噬细胞可重复创建，并且使用 QR-TPCR、ELISA 和流细胞学进行特征。这是研究癌症发展或组织重塑中的抗炎机制的基础。

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

A Parasite Rescue and Transformation Assay for Antileishmanial Screening Against Intracellular Leishmania donovani Amastigotes in THP1 Human Acute Monocytic Leukemia Cell Line

A Parasite Rescue and Transformation Assay for Antileishmanial Screening Against Intracellular Leishmania donovani Amastigotes in THP1 Human Acute Monocytic Leukemia Cell Line

Antileishmanial筛选对细胞内的寄生虫救援和转化实验<em&gt;杜氏利什曼原虫</em无鞭毛体在THP1人急性单核细胞白血病细胞株

Leishmaniasis is  one of the world's most neglected diseases, largely affecting the  poorest of the poor, mainly in developing countries. Over 350 million ...

科研

免疫与感染

Investigation of Macrophage Polarization Using Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages

使用骨髓源性巨噬细胞巨噬细胞极化的调查

The article describes a readily easy adaptive in vitro model to investigate macrophage polarization. In the presence of GM-CSF/M-CSF, hematopoietic ...

An In vitro Model to Study Heterogeneity of Human Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization

An In vitro Model to Study Heterogeneity of Human Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization

一个<em在体外</em&gt;模型研究人类巨噬细胞分化和极化的异质性

Monocyte-derived macrophages represent an important cell type of the innate immune system. Mouse models studying macrophage biology suffer from the ...

Establishment of an In vitro System to Study Intracellular Behavior of Candida glabrata in Human THP-1 Macrophages

Establishment of an In vitro System to Study Intracellular Behavior of Candida glabrata in Human THP-1 Macrophages

建立一个<em&gt;在体外</em&gt;系统来研究细胞内的行为<em&gt;光滑念珠菌</em&gt;在人THP-1巨噬细胞

A cell culture model system, if a close mimic of host environmental conditions, can serve as an inexpensive, reproducible and easily manipulatable ...

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.

评估的HIV-1感染的CD4的先天传感<sup&gt; +</sup&gt;性T细胞浆细胞样树突细胞使用<em&gt;体外</em&gt;共培养体系。

HIV-1 innate sensing requires direct contact of infected CD4+ T cells with plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). In order to study this process, the ...

Highly Efficient Transfection of Human THP-1 Macrophages by Nucleofection

人THP-1巨噬细胞通过核转高效转染

Macrophages, as key players of the innate immune response, are at the focus of research dealing with tissue homeostasis or various pathologies. ...

Mouse Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Mouse Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

鼠标朴素CD4<sup&gt; +</sup&gt; T细胞分离和<em&gt;在体外</em&gt;分化为T细胞亚群

Antigen inexperienced (na&#239;ve) CD4+ T cells undergo expansion and differentiation to effector subsets at the time of T cell receptor (TCR) recognition ...

Visualizing Macrophage Extracellular Traps Using Confocal Microscopy

利用共焦显微镜可视化巨噬细胞胞外陷阱

A primary method used to define the presence of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is confocal microscopy. We have modified established confocal ...

A Suction Blister Protocol to Study Human T-cell Recall Responses In Vivo

A Suction Blister Protocol to Study Human T-cell Recall Responses In Vivo

一种研究人体 T 细胞召回反应的吸水泡协议

Cutaneous antigen-recall models allow for studies of human memory responses in vivo. When combined with skin suction blister (SB) induction, this model ...

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis

巨细胞动脉炎叶酸受体贝塔巨噬细胞和血管免疫微环境的免疫组织病理学分析

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a chronic immune-mediated disease of medium-to-large sized arteries that affects older adults. GCA manifests with arthritis ...