Name: stab wound injury model of the adult optic tectum using zebrafish and medaka for the comparative analysis of regenerative capacity
Uploaded: 2022-02-10T14:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Stab Wound Injury Model of the Adult Optic Tectum Using Zebrafish and Medaka for the Comparative Analysis of Regenerative Capacity at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了JSPS KAKENHI授权号18K14824和21K15195以及日本AIST的内部资助的支持。

所有实验方案均由国家先进工业科学技术研究所的机构动物护理和使用委员会批准。斑马鱼和青鳉鱼按照标准程序进行饲养28.
1.成人视顶刺伤
<ol><li>准备0.4%（w / v）三卡因储备溶液进行麻醉。对于 100 mL 储备溶液，将 400 mg 甲磺酸三卡因（参见 材料表）溶解在 90 mL 蒸馏水中，并使用 1 M Tris HCl 缓冲液 （pH 9.0） 将 pH 值调节至 7.0。调...

<ol>
	<li>Becker, T., Wullimann, M. F., Becker, C. G., Bernhardt, R. R., Schachner, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Axonal+regrowth+after+spinal+cord+transection+in+adult+zebrafish.">Axonal regrowth after spinal cord transection in adult zebrafish.</a> Journal of Comparative Neurology. 377 (4), 577-595 (1997).</li><li>Raymond, P. A., Barthel, L. K., Bernardos, R. L., Perkowski, J. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+characterization+of+retinal+stem+cells+and+their+niches+in+adult+zebrafish.">Molecular characterization of retinal stem cells and their niches in adult zebrafish.</a> BMC Developmental Biology. 6, 36 (2006).</li><li>M&#228;rz, M., Schmidt, R., Rastegar, S., Str&#228;hle, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regenerative+response+following+stab+injury+in+the+adult+zebrafish+telencephalon.">Regenerative response following stab injury in the adult zebrafish telencephalon.</a> Developmental Dynamics. 240 (9), 2221-2231 (2011).</li><li>Kang, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modulation+of+tissue+repair+by+regeneration+enhancer+elements.">Modulation of tissue repair by regeneration enhancer elements.</a> Nature. 532 (7598), 201-206 (2016).</li><li>Sim&#245;es, F. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Macrophages+directly+contribute+collagen+to+scar+formation+during+zebrafish+heart+regeneration+and+mouse+heart+repair.">Macrophages directly contribute collagen to scar formation during zebrafish heart regeneration and mouse heart repair.</a> Nature Communications. 11 (1), 600 (2020).</li><li>Hoang, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gene+regulatory+networks+controlling+vertebrate+retinal+regeneration.">Gene regulatory networks controlling vertebrate retinal regeneration.</a> Science. 370 (6519), (2020).</li><li>Alunni, A., Bally-Cuif, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+comparative+view+of+regenerative+neurogenesis+in+vertebrates.">A comparative view of regenerative neurogenesis in vertebrates.</a> Development. 143 (5), 741-753 (2016).</li><li>Diotel, N., L&#252;bke, L., Str&#228;hle, U., Rastegar, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Common+and+distinct+features+of+adult+neurogenesis+and+regeneration+in+the+telencephalon+of+zebrafish+and+mammals.">Common and distinct features of adult neurogenesis and regeneration in the telencephalon of zebrafish and mammals.</a> Frontiers in Neuroscience. 14, 568930 (2020).</li><li>Labusch, M., Mancini, L., Morizet, D., Bally-Cuif, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Conserved+and+divergent+features+of+adult+neurogenesis+in+zebrafish.">Conserved and divergent features of adult neurogenesis in zebrafish.</a> Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 8, 525 (2020).</li><li>Ito, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+reparative+phenotypes+between+zebrafish+and+medaka+after+cardiac+injury.">Differential reparative phenotypes between zebrafish and medaka after cardiac injury.</a> Developmental Dynamics. 243 (9), 1106-1115 (2014).</li><li>Lai, S. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reciprocal+analyses+in+zebrafish+and+medaka+reveal+that+harnessing+the+immune+response+promotes+cardiac+regeneration.">Reciprocal analyses in zebrafish and medaka reveal that harnessing the immune response promotes cardiac regeneration.</a> eLife. 6, 25605 (2017).</li><li>Lust, K., Wittbrodt, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Activating+the+regenerative+potential+of+M&#252;ller+glia+cells+in+a+regeneration-deficient+retina.">Activating the regenerative potential of M&#252;ller glia cells in a regeneration-deficient retina.</a> eLife. 7, 32319 (2018).</li><li>Shimizu, Y., Kawasaki, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+regenerative+capacity+of+the+optic+tectum+of+adult+medaka+and+zebrafish.">Differential regenerative capacity of the optic tectum of adult medaka and zebrafish.</a> Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 9, 686755 (2021).</li><li>Adolf, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Conserved+and+acquired+features+of+adult+neurogenesis+in+the+zebrafish+telencephalon.">Conserved and acquired features of adult neurogenesis in the zebrafish telencephalon.</a> Developmental Biology. 295 (1), 278-293 (2006).</li><li>Grandel, H., Kaslin, J., Ganz, J., Wenzel, I., Brand, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neural+stem+cells+and+neurogenesis+in+the+adult+zebrafish+brain:+origin,+proliferation+dynamics,+migration+and+cell+fate.">Neural stem cells and neurogenesis in the adult zebrafish brain: origin, proliferation dynamics, migration and cell fate.</a> Developmental Biology. 295 (1), 263-277 (2006).</li><li>Alunni, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evidence+for+neural+stem+cells+in+the+medaka+optic+tectum+proliferation+zones.">Evidence for neural stem cells in the medaka optic tectum proliferation zones.</a> Developmental Neurobiology. 70 (10), 693-713 (2010).</li><li>Kuroyanagi, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Proliferation+zones+in+adult+medaka+(Oryzias+latipes)+brain.">Proliferation zones in adult medaka (Oryzias latipes) brain.</a> Brain Research. 1323, 33-40 (2010).</li><li>Ito, Y., Tanaka, H., Okamoto, H., Ohshima, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+neural+stem+cells+and+their+progeny+in+the+adult+zebrafish+optic+tectum.">Characterization of neural stem cells and their progeny in the adult zebrafish optic tectum.</a> Developmental Biology. 342 (1), 26-38 (2010).</li><li>Shimizu, Y., Ueda, Y., Ohshima, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wnt+signaling+regulates+proliferation+and+differentiation+of+radial+glia+in+regenerative+processes+after+stab+injury+in+the+optic+tectum+of+adult+zebrafish.">Wnt signaling regulates proliferation and differentiation of radial glia in regenerative processes after stab injury in the optic tectum of adult zebrafish.</a> Glia. 66 (7), 1382-1394 (2018).</li><li>Ueda, Y., Shimizu, Y., Shimizu, N., Ishitani, T., Ohshima, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Involvement+of+sonic+hedgehog+and+notch+signaling+in+regenerative+neurogenesis+in+adult+zebrafish+optic+tectum+after+stab+injury.">Involvement of sonic hedgehog and notch signaling in regenerative neurogenesis in adult zebrafish optic tectum after stab injury.</a> Journal of Comparative Neurology. 526 (15), 2360-2372 (2018).</li><li>Kiyooka, M., Shimizu, Y., Ohshima, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Histone+deacetylase+inhibition+promotes+regenerative+neurogenesis+after+stab+wound+injury+in+the+adult+zebrafish+optic+tectum.">Histone deacetylase inhibition promotes regenerative neurogenesis after stab wound injury in the adult zebrafish optic tectum.</a> Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 529 (2), 366-371 (2020).</li><li>Shimizu, Y., Kawasaki, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Histone+acetyltransferase+EP300+regulates+the+proliferation+and+differentiation+of+neural+stem+cells+during+adult+neurogenesis+and+regenerative+neurogenesis+in+the+zebrafish+optic+tectum.">Histone acetyltransferase EP300 regulates the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells during adult neurogenesis and regenerative neurogenesis in the zebrafish optic tectum.</a> Neuroscience Letters. 756, 135978 (2021).</li><li>Shimizu, Y., Kiyooka, M., Ohshima, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcriptome+analyses+reveal+IL6/Stat3+signaling+involvement+in+radial+glia+proliferation+after+stab+wound+injury+in+the+adult+zebrafish+optic+tectum.">Transcriptome analyses reveal IL6/Stat3 signaling involvement in radial glia proliferation after stab wound injury in the adult zebrafish optic tectum.</a> Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 9, 668408 (2021).</li><li>Lindsey, B. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Midbrain+tectal+stem+cells+display+diverse+regenerative+capacities+in+zebrafish.">Midbrain tectal stem cells display diverse regenerative capacities in zebrafish.</a> Scientific Reports. 9 (1), 4420 (2019).</li><li>Yu, S., He, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stochastic+cell-cycle+entry+and+cell-state-dependent+fate+outputs+of+injury-reactivated+tectal+radial+glia+in+zebrafish.">Stochastic cell-cycle entry and cell-state-dependent fate outputs of injury-reactivated tectal radial glia in zebrafish.</a> eLife. 8, 48660 (2019).</li><li>Bisese, E. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+acute+transcriptome+response+of+the+midbrain/diencephalon+to+injury+in+the+adult+mummichog+(Fundulus+heteroclitus).">The acute transcriptome response of the midbrain/diencephalon to injury in the adult mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus).</a> Molecular Brain. 12 (1), 119 (2019).</li><li>Schmidt, R., Beil, T., Str&#228;hle, U., Rastegar, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stab+wound+injury+of+the+zebrafish+adult+telencephalon:+a+method+to+investigate+vertebrate+brain+neurogenesis+and+regeneration.">Stab wound injury of the zebrafish adult telencephalon: a method to investigate vertebrate brain neurogenesis and regeneration.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (4), e51753 (2014).</li><li>Westerfield, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The zebrafish book. A guide for the laboratory use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) 5th ed. , (2007).</li><li>Kaslin, J., Kroehne, V., Ganz, J., Hans, S., Brand, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distinct+roles+of+neuroepithelial-like+and+radial+glia-like+progenitor+cells+in+cerebellar+regeneration.">Distinct roles of neuroepithelial-like and radial glia-like progenitor cells in cerebellar regeneration.</a> Development. 144 (8), 1462-1471 (2017).</li><li>Curado, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Conditional+targeted+cell+ablation+in+zebrafish:+a+new+tool+for+regeneration+studies.">Conditional targeted cell ablation in zebrafish: a new tool for regeneration studies.</a> Developmental Dynamics. 236 (4), 1025-1035 (2007).</li><li>Shimizu, Y., Ito, Y., Tanaka, H., Ohshima, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Radial+glial+cell-specific+ablation+in+the+adult+zebrafish+brain.">Radial glial cell-specific ablation in the adult zebrafish brain.</a> Genesis. 53 (7), 431-439 (2015).</li><li>Godoy, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dopaminergic+neurons+regenerate+following+chemogenetic+ablation+in+the+olfactory+bulb+of+adult+zebrafish+(Danio+rerio).">Dopaminergic neurons regenerate following chemogenetic ablation in the olfactory bulb of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio).</a> Scientific Reports. 10 (1), 12825 (2020).</li><li>Sawahata, M., Izumi, Y., Akaike, A., Kume, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+brain+ischemia-reperfusion+model+induced+by+hypoxia-reoxygenation+using+zebrafish+larvae.">In vivo brain ischemia-reperfusion model induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation using zebrafish larvae.</a> Brain Research Bulletin. 173, 45-52 (2021).</li></ol>

这里描述了一组方法，可用于利用针头诱导视盖中的刺伤，以促进脑损伤后RGC增殖和分化的评估。针头介导的刺伤是一种简单、高效实施的方法，可以使用一套标准工具应用于许多实验样品。斑马鱼大脑几个区域的刺伤损伤模型已经开发出来3，19，29。视顶是大脑中最大的部分之一，易于操作。此外，与端脑相比，视顶中的大?...

与其他哺乳动物相比，斑马鱼（Danio rerio）具有更高的中枢神经系统（CNS）再生能力1，2，3。最近，为了更好地了解这种再生能力增加的分子机制，已经使用下一代测序技术对组织再生进行了比较分析4，5，6。斑马鱼和四足动物的大脑结构完全不同7，8，9。这意味着已经开发了几种使用具有相似大脑结构和生物学特征的小鱼的脑损伤模型，以促进对有助于增加再生能力的潜在分子机制的研究。
此外，青鳉鱼（Oryzias latipes）是一种受欢迎的实验动物，与斑马鱼相比，心脏和神经元再生能力低10，11，12，13。斑马鱼和青鳉鱼具有相似的大脑结构和成体神经干细胞（NSC）的生态位14，15，16，17。在斑马鱼和青鳉鱼中，视顶包括两种类型的NSC，神经上皮样干细胞和径向神经胶质细胞（RGC）15，18。先前开发了成年斑马鱼视顶的刺伤损伤，该模型用于研究调节这些动物脑再生的分子机制19，20，21，22，23。这种年轻成年斑马鱼刺伤损伤模型诱导了RGC19，24，25的再生神经发生。这种视顶刺伤是一种稳健且可重复的方法13，19，20，21，22，23，24，25。当相同的损伤模型应用于成年青鳉鱼时，通过对损伤后RGC增殖和分化的比较分析，揭示了青鳉鱼视顶RGCs的低神经源性能力13。
木乃伊模型26 中也开发了视盖中的刺伤损伤模型，但与端脑损伤27 相比，顶盖损伤的细节尚未得到充分记录。使用斑马鱼和青鳉鱼在视顶的刺伤损伤可以研究具有不同再生能力的物种之间的差异细胞反应和基因表达。该协议描述了如何使用注射针在视顶进行刺伤。这种方法可以应用于斑马鱼和青鳉鱼等小鱼。本文介绍了使用荧光免疫组织化学和冷冻切片进行组织学分析以及细胞增殖和分化分析的样品制备过程。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>10 mL syringe</td>
			<td>TERUMO</td>
			<td>SS-10ESZ</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1M Tris-HCl (pH 9.0)</td>
			<td>NIPPON GENE</td>
			<td>314-90381</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>30 G needle</td>
			<td>Dentronics</td>
			<td>HS-2739A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4% Paraformaldehyde Phosphate Buffer Solution</td>
			<td>Wako</td>
			<td>163-20145</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aluminum block</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>115 x 80 x 37 mm (W x D x H) is enough size to freeze 6 cryomolds</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-BLBP</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>ABN14</td>
			<td>1:500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-BrdU</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab1893</td>
			<td>1:500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-HuC</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>A21271</td>
			<td>1:100</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-PCNA</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz Biotechnology</td>
			<td>sc-56</td>
			<td>1:200</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Brmodeoxyuridine</td>
			<td>Wako</td>
			<td>023-15563</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Confocal microscope C1 plus</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cryomold</td>
			<td>Sakura Finetek Japan</td>
			<td>4565</td>
			<td>10 x 10 x 5 mm (W x D x H)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cryostat</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>CM1960</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Danio rerio WT strains RW</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Extension tube</td>
			<td>TERUMO</td>
			<td>SF-ET3520</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fluoromount (TM) Aqueous Mounting Medium, for use with fluorescent dye-stained tissues</td>
			<td>SIGMA-ALDRICH</td>
			<td>F4680-25ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forceps</td>
			<td>DUMONT</td>
			<td>11252-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) Highly Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor Plus 488</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>A32723</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) Highly Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor 546</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>A11035</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hoechst 33342 solution</td>
			<td>Dojindo</td>
			<td>23491-52-3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrochloric Acid</td>
			<td>Wako</td>
			<td>080-01066</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Incubation Chamber for 10 slides Dark Orange</td>
			<td>COSMO BIO CO., LTD.</td>
			<td>10DO</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MAS coat sliding glass</td>
			<td>Matsunami glass</td>
			<td>MAS-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro cover glass</td>
			<td>Matsunami glass</td>
			<td>C024451</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscopy</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>SMZ745T</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Normal horse serum blocking solution</td>
			<td>VECTOR LABRATORIES</td>
			<td>S-2000-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>O.C.T Compound</td>
			<td>Sakura Finetek Japan</td>
			<td>83-1824</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oryzias latipes WT strains Cab</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PAP Pen Super-Liquid Blocker</td>
			<td>DAIDO SANGYO</td>
			<td>PAP-S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) Tablets, pH 7.4</td>
			<td>TaKaRa</td>
			<td>T9181</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Styrofoam tray</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>100 x 100 x 10 mm (W x D x H) styrofoam sheet is available as tray</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sucrose</td>
			<td>Wako</td>
			<td>196-00015</td>
			<td>30 % (w/v) Sucrose in PBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tricaine (MS-222)</td>
			<td>nacarai tesque</td>
			<td>14805-24</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate</td>
			<td>Wako</td>
			<td>191-01785</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Wako</td>
			<td>04605-250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

stab wound injury model of the adult optic tectum using zebrafish and medaka for the comparative analysis of regenerative capacity

虽然斑马鱼具有卓越的中枢神经系统（CNS）再生能力，但青鳉鱼具有较低的CNS再生能力。在斑马鱼和青鳉鱼的成年视顶中建立了脑损伤模型，并进行了比较组织学和分子分析，以阐明调节这些鱼类中该组织高再生能力的分子机制。这里提出了成人视顶的刺伤损伤模型，使用针头和组织学分析来分析神经干细胞（NSC）的增殖和分化。手动将针插入视顶的中心区域，然后对鱼进行心内灌注，并解剖它们的大脑。然后对这些组织进行冷冻切片，并使用针对适当的NSC增殖和分化标志物的免疫染色进行评估。这种顶盖损伤模型在斑马鱼和青鳉鱼中提供了可靠且可重复的结果，可以比较受伤后的NSC反应。这种方法可用于小型硬骨鱼，包括斑马鱼、青鳉鱼和非洲鳉鱼，使我们能够比较它们的再生能力并研究独特的分子机制。

使用针插入右半球的视顶刺伤（图1，图 4A和 图5A）诱导各种细胞反应，包括径向神经胶质细胞（RGC）增殖和新生神经元的产生。同样，斑马鱼和青鳉鱼的老年种群被用来抵消再生反应中的任何衰老影响。然后对冷冻切片进行荧光免疫染色，分析斑马鱼和青鳉鱼顶盖损伤后的RGC增殖和分化（图4-5?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Stab Wound Injury Model of the Adult Optic Tectum Using Zebrafish and Medaka for the Comparative Analysis of Regenerative Capacity at JoVE.com

Stab Wound Injury Model of the Adult Optic Tectum Using Zebrafish and Medaka for the Comparative Analysis of Regenerative Capacity

描述了成年斑马鱼的机械脑损伤模型，以研究调节其高再生能力的分子机制。该方法解释了在多种小鱼的视顶上造成刺伤，以使用荧光免疫染色评估再生反应。

基于斑马鱼和青鳉鱼的成年视锥刺伤损伤模型的再生能力比较分析

While zebrafish have a superior capacity to regenerate their central nervous system (CNS), medaka has a lower CNS regenerative capacity. A brain injury ...

刺伤是一种诱导非特异性细胞消融的机械损伤方法。该方法有助于评估脑损伤后RGC的增殖和分化。针头介导的刺伤是一种简单、有效实施的诱导脑损伤的方法。该方法可以使用一组标准工具应用于许多实验样品。斑马鱼的再生能力使用刺伤损伤模型进行说明。对调节神经元再生的分子机制的新见解有助于中枢神经系统的再生治疗。首先将麻醉的成年斑马鱼或青鳉鱼放在泡沫塑料托盘上。将鱼直立固定在垂直插入聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料中的两根 30 号针之间。握住鱼体以防止鱼头移动，然后将 30 号针穿过颅骨垂直插入其中一个视顶球的内侧区域。接下来，将受伤的鱼转移到装有新鲜鱼设施水的鱼缸中。一旦鱼从麻醉中完全恢复，将水箱移动到繁殖系统。将纸巾放在泡沫塑料托盘上，放置麻醉的鱼。然后通过在臀鳍的两侧垂直插入两根 30 号针来将鱼体固定到位。放置鱼后，从肛门到心脏做一个腹侧切口。通过在每侧插入两根 30 号针来保持心脏可见。然后用镊子的尖端去除银上皮层。将 30 号针插入心室，保持斜面向上，并使用镊子在心房切开一个切口。接下来，通过按下注射器将PBS推入心房以冲洗心房的血液。当血液排出并且鳃变白时，停止PBS灌注。之后，取下固定鱼体的针头，并将鱼腹侧朝下固定。切断脊髓并从视顶和端脑上切除颅骨后，切断视神经并解剖大脑。接下来，将大脑转移到含有一毫升4%多聚甲醛的PBS中的1.5毫升管中，在4摄氏度下固定过夜。在PBS中洗涤固定的大脑三次后，每次五分钟，将大脑转移到1.5毫升的管中，其中一毫升30%体积重量的蔗糖在PBS中作为冷冻保护剂，并在4摄氏度下孵育过夜。通过将 30% 蔗糖与 30 毫升最佳切割温度或 OCT 化合物混合来制备包埋化合物，并将化合物储存在 4 摄氏度。要冷却一次冷冻机，请将铝块在零下 80 摄氏度下孵育过夜，然后将预冷块放入带盖的聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料盒中以防止变暖。对于冠状切片，通过在显微镜下使用镊子调整方向，将解剖的大脑嵌入冷冻机中。接下来，将冷冻剂放在聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料盒中的预冷铝块上，让OCT化合物冻结并变成白色。当化合物冻结时，在将冷冻块安装在样品盘上之前，在标本盘上涂抹一小圈OCT化合物。通过将标本盘放入低温恒温器中，冷冻OCT化合物。然后将标本盘放在低温恒温器的标本头上。设置冷冻块的方向后，修剪 OCT 以删除任何额外的区域。使用低温恒温器在整个光学顶盖上切割 14 微米厚的连续切片，并将载玻片存放在零下 25 摄氏度。评估斑马鱼脑组织中的径向神经胶质细胞或RGC增殖。大多数RGCs在对侧未受伤半球增殖细胞抗原阴性。在受伤后两天，青鳉顶盖的受伤侧诱导RGC增殖。脑损伤后，用溴脱氧尿苷或BrdU标记评估细胞谱系和RGC分化。代表性分析显示，受伤的斑马鱼和青鳉鱼在受伤后七天出现新生神经元。刺伤的关键步骤之一是手动针头插入。持续的损伤对于产生可重复的结果是必要的。荧光染料可有效作为伤口标志物。荧光染料扩散的程度表明刺伤的位置和深度。这种技术可能适用于其他小型鱼类，并且适应青鳉鱼可以比较再生能力。

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Kidney Regeneration in Adult Zebrafish by Gentamicin Induced Injury

肾再生的成年斑马鱼庆大霉素性损伤

The kidney is essential for fluid homeostasis, blood pressure regulation and filtration of waste from the body. The fundamental unit of kidney function is ...

科研

发育生物学

Analysis of Zebrafish Larvae Skeletal Muscle Integrity with Evans Blue Dye

斑马鱼幼虫骨骼肌诚信与伊文思蓝分析

The zebrafish model is an emerging system for the study of neuromuscular disorders.  In the study of neuromuscular diseases, the integrity of the muscle ...

Salinity-dependent Toxicity Assay of Silver Nanocolloids Using Medaka Eggs

白银纳米胶体的盐度依赖性毒力测定使用青鳉鸡蛋

Salinity is an important characteristic of the aquatic environment. For aquatic organisms it defines the habitats of freshwater, brackish water, and ...

Isolation and Expansion of Adult Canine Hippocampal Neural Precursors

分离和成人犬海马神经前体扩张

The rate of neurogenesis within the adult hippocampus has been shown to vary across mammalian species. The canine hippocampus, demonstrating a structural ...

In Vivo Imaging of Transgenic Gene Expression in Individual Retinal Progenitors in Chimeric Zebrafish Embryos to Study Cell Nonautonomous Influences

In Vivo Imaging of Transgenic Gene Expression in Individual Retinal Progenitors in Chimeric Zebrafish Embryos to Study Cell Nonautonomous Influences

在嵌合斑马鱼胚胎的个别视网膜祖细胞转基因表达的体内成像来研究细胞非自治的影响

The genetic and technical strengths have made the zebrafish vertebrate a key model organism in which the consequences of gene manipulations can be traced ...

A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model

用小鼠模型对精子发生细胞学分析的精管壁球技术

Meiotic progression in males is a process that requires the concerted action of a number of highly regulated cellular events. Errors occurring during ...

Visualization of Cellular Electrical Activity in Zebrafish Early Embryos and Tumors

斑马鱼早期胚胎和肿瘤细胞电活动的可视化研究

Bioelectricity, endogenous electrical signaling mediated by ion channels and pumps located on the cell membrane, plays important roles in signaling ...

Adult Zebrafish Injury Models to Study the Effects of Prednisolone in Regenerating Bone Tissue

成人斑马鱼损伤模型研究泼尼松对再生骨组织的影响

Zebrafish are able to regenerate various organs, including appendages (fins) after amputation. This involves the regeneration of bone, which regrows ...

Visualization of Tangential Cell Migration in the Developing Chick Optic Tectum

发展中雏鸡光学顶盖中切向细胞迁移的可视化

Time-lapse imaging is a powerful method to analyze migrating cell behavior. After fluorescent cell labeling, the movement of the labeled cells in culture ...

Mapping the Emergent Spatial Organization of Mammalian Cells using Micropatterns and Quantitative Imaging

使用微模式和定量成像绘制哺乳动物细胞的新兴空间组织图

A fundamental goal in biology is to understand how patterns emerge during development. Several groups have shown that patterning can be achieved in vitro ...