Name: evaluating the effect of roadside parking on a dual-direction urban street
Uploaded: 2023-01-20T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Evaluating the Effect of Roadside Parking on a Dual-Direction Urban Street at JoVE.com

The authors would like to acknowledge the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department (Program No. 21JK0908).

1. Preparation of the equipment
<ol>
	<li>Ensure that all the equipment required is available: radars, roadside laser device, laptops, batteries, a camera, a drone, a reflective tripod, the corresponding cables, and device tripods.</li>
</ol>
2. Selection of the data collection location (Figure 1)
<ol>
	<li>Select the data collection location. Ensure the location selected is on a two-direction and two-lane road.<b...

<ol>
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W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Micro-simulation+study+on+the+effect+of+on-street+parking+on+vehicular+flow.">Micro-simulation study on the effect of on-street parking on vehicular flow.</a> 2012 15th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems. , 1840-1845 (2012).</li><li>Hu, X. J., Hao, X. T., Wang, H., Su, Z. Y., Zhang, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Research+on+on-street+temporary+parking+effects+based+on+cellular+automaton+model+under+the+framework+of+Kerner's+three-phase+traffic+theory.">Research on on-street temporary parking effects based on cellular automaton model under the framework of Kerner's three-phase traffic theory.</a> Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications. 545, 123725 (2020).</li><li>Shao, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+two+improved+schemes+at+non-aligned+intersections+affected+by+a+work+zone+with+an+entropy+method.">Evaluation of two improved schemes at non-aligned intersections affected by a work zone with an entropy method.</a> Sustainability. 12 (14), 5494 (2020).</li><li>Shao, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluating+the+sustainable+traffic+flow+operational+features+of+an+exclusive+spur+dike+U-turn+lane+design.">Evaluating the sustainable traffic flow operational features of an exclusive spur dike U-turn lane design.</a> PLoS One. 14 (4), 0214759 (2019).</li><li>Shao, Y., Han, X. 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The effect of roadside parking on urban streets cannot be ignored, and random parking needs to be addressed30,31. A protocol to determine the impact of roadside parking on traffic flow in a dual-direction urban street is presented here. The data collection specifies the trajectory and speed changes of passing vehicles caused by roadside parking. The traffic simulation quantifies roadway indices such as maximum queue length, delay, and emissions.
<p class="jov...

The acceleration of urbanization is accompanied by an obvious increase in motor vehicle ownership and urban traffic flow. In 2021, China&#39;s car ownership reached 378 million, representing an increase of 25.1 million compared to that in 20201. However, the current situation with insufficient road capacity and limited traffic management technology has led to an increasingly evident discrepancy between urban traffic supply and demand. Therefore, road traffic congestion has gradually intensified. As the most widespread problem in urban transportation, traffic congestion causes many hazards and has attracted wide attention from researchers2,3,4. In addition to extending travel time, traffic congestion also aggravates environmental pollution, intensifies energy consumption, and increases pollutant emissions5,6,7,8. There is a positive correlation between traffic congestion and accident rates9,10. Apart from the abovementioned effects, increasing traffic congestion undercuts income and employment11, and this effect is closely related to people&#39;s daily life thereby making this one of the main problems in cities. With the development of cities, the adverse impact of road congestion on society will continue to increase.
Traffic congestion is a comprehensive reflection of many urban traffic problems, among which parking is the major one. The expansion of the urban population and the increase in motor vehicles have a negative impact on the parking supply and outstanding parking demand. In the parking system, roadside parking is common in urban traffic and is an important means of addressing the imbalance between parking supply and demand. Roadside parking utilizes resources on both sides of the road to provide parking spaces. Roadside parking is convenient, quick, flexible, and space-saving compared to other parking facilities. However, roadside parking occupies road resources, and its adverse effects cannot be ignored. In cities undergoing rapid development in developing countries, the soaring parking demands make roadside parking overloaded, thus reducing traffic safety, air quality, and public space12. Therefore, the roadside parking issue needs to be addressed.
Roadside parking space can be located in two scenarios: (1) the non-motorized lane (i.e., on wide roads with separate motorized and non-motorized lanes, roadside parking takes up space on the rightmost non-motorized lane); and (2) the motor vehicle and non-motor vehicle mixed lane, which is often a narrow road with a low traffic volume. As motor and non-motor vehicles share road resources, roadside parking frequently leads to chaos in traffic operations in the second scenario. However, most existing studies have focused on the first scenario13,14,15,16,17,18.
When a roadside parking space is present in the non-motorized lane, and if there is no compulsory isolation of the motorized and non-motorized lanes, roadside parking indirectly leads to mixed traffic. A roadside parking space significantly decreases the effective width of the non-motorized lane, thereby increasing the probability of non-motor vehicles passing through the non-motorized lane and occupying the adjacent motorized lane. The behavior is called lane-crossing16. Many studies have explored the impact of roadside parking in the non-motorized lane on mixed traffic flow. Based on the cellular automata model, Chen et al.13 evaluated the impact of roadside parking on heterogeneous traffic operations in urban streets through the study of friction and congestion conflicts between motor and non-motor vehicles13. Chen et al. proposed a road resistance model of mixed traffic flow by considering the effect of roadside parking17. In addition, some studies have examined the impact of roadside parking only on motor vehicles. Guo et al. proposed a method based on risk duration, which was used to quantitatively analyze the driving time of motor vehicles on roadside parking sections19, and the results showed that roadside parking significantly impacted travel time.
Traffic simulation is a common tool to investigate the impact of roadside parking. Yang et al.&#160;used VISSIM software to explore the impact of roadside parking on dynamic traffic (especially on the capacity), developed a vehicle average delay traffic model, and verified the model reliability through simulation20. Gao et al. analyzed the effect of roadside parking on mixed traffic under four types of traffic interference using the same software18. Guo et al. used a cellular automata model to analyze the influence of roadside parking on vehicle traffic characteristics (lane capacity and vehicle speed) through Monte Carlo simulation under different scenarios21. Under the framework of Kerner&#39;s three-phase traffic theory, Hu et al. analyzed the impact of temporary roadside parking behavior on traffic flow based on the cellular automata model22. These studies show that roadside parking has a large negative impact on traffic efficiency.
The traffic management department is interested in understanding the effect of roadside-parked vehicles on the traffic flow. The specific length and degree of the effect are important for managing issues with roadside parking, for example, by providing information on how to delimit parking lots, determine non-parking zones, and regulate parking durations. In this study, a protocol was designed to examine the effect of a single roadside-parked vehicle on traffic operation. The procedure can be summarized in the following steps: 1) preparing the equipment, 2) selecting the data collection location, 3) selecting the investigation time, 4) collecting the data, 5) performing the data analysis, 6) building the simulation model, 7) calibrating the simulation model, and 8) performing the sensitivity analysis. If any requirement in these eight steps is not satisfied, the process is incomplete and insufficient to prove effectiveness.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>battery</td>
			<td>Shenzhen Saiqi Innovation Technology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>LPB-568S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>cables for radar</td>
			<td>BEIJING AOZER TECH &#38; DEVELOPMENT CO.,LTD</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>cables for roadside laser device</td>
			<td>MicroSense</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>camera</td>
			<td>Sony Group Corp</td>
			<td>HDR-CS680</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>camera tripod</td>
			<td>Sony Group Corp</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>drone</td>
			<td>SZ DJI Technology Co.,Ltd.</td>
			<td>DA2SUE1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>laptop</td>
			<td>Dell</td>
			<td>C2H2L82</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>radar</td>
			<td>BEIJING AOZER TECH &#38; DEVELOPMENT CO.,LTD</td>
			<td>CADS-0037</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>radar tripod</td>
			<td>BEIJING AOZER TECH &#38; DEVELOPMENT CO.,LTD</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>reflective tripod</td>
			<td>Beijing Shunan liandun Technology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>roadside laser device</td>
			<td>MicroSense</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

evaluating the effect of roadside parking on a dual-direction urban street

Roadside parking is a common traffic phenomenon in China. Narrow urban streets, high parking demands, and a shortage of parking lots force the public to engage in random parking along the roadside. A protocol is proposed to determine the impact of a roadside-parked vehicle on passing vehicles. In this investigation, a dual-direction and two-lane urban street in which one vehicle is parked on the roadside is selected for the collection of traffic data. Based on these data, the impact of the roadside-parked vehicles on the trajectory and speed of passing vehicles is determined. In addition, a microsimulation model is applied to determine the impact of roadside parking on the maximum queue length, delay, emissions, and other indicators under different traffic volumes according to the sensitivity analysis. The results show that roadside-parked vehicles affect the trajectory of passing vehicles for approximately 80 m and have a negative effect on speed, with the lowest speed being observed at the location of the roadside-parked vehicle. The sensitivity analysis results suggest that traffic volume increases synchronously with indicator values. The protocol provides a method for determining the effect of roadside parking on travel trajectory and speed. The research contributes to the refined management of future roadside parking.

This paper presents a protocol to determine the effect of roadside parking on passing vehicles on a two-direction and two-lane urban road through traffic data collection and simulation. A road was selected as the study site (Figure 1), and a vehicle was parked at the planned roadside location. Radars, a roadside laser device, and a camera were applied to collect the vehicle trajectory, speed, volume, and type composition to determine the changes in vehicle trajectory and speed under roadside...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Evaluating the Effect of Roadside Parking on a Dual-Direction Urban Street at JoVE.com

Evaluating the Effect of Roadside Parking on a Dual-Direction Urban Street

In this study, the effect of roadside parking on an urban street is analyzed. The entire process consists of traffic data gathering, data processing, operation simulation, simulation calibration, and sensitivity analysis.

Roadside parking is a common traffic phenomenon in China. Narrow urban streets, high parking demands, and a shortage of parking lots force the public to ...

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