Name: frugal imaging technique of capillary flow through three-dimensional polymeric printing powders
Uploaded: 2022-10-04T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Frugal Imaging Technique of Capillary Flow Through Three-Dimensional Polymeric Printing Powders at JoVE.com

1. 微流控流通池的制备
注意：对于此协议，将使用商业微流体流通池。通过使用专为光学显微镜的光穿透而设计的商业产品，有关介质明场照明的任何挑战都将降至最低。
<ol><li>开始制备微流体流通池，用封口膜覆盖出口以密封通道的一端，以便空流通池可以用聚合物粉末填充。在开始实验之前，确认微流体通道清洁干燥。<ol><li>将公制纸尺直接粘在流道下方?...

<ol>
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提供的协议高度依赖于所选颗粒的材料特性。影响流动性的材料性质包括粒度分布2，3，4，5，11，21，颗粒表面粗糙度11，颗粒表面化学性质2，3，4，5，11，16，<sup c...

基于喷墨的粘合剂喷射到粉末介质中代表了增材制造（3D打印）中的一项重要技术。粘合剂喷射过程首先使用扫描喷墨打印工艺将功能流体沉积到粉末介质中。具体来说，喷墨打印头在粉末表面上平移，将液体粘合剂沉积到粉末表面上，从而以逐层方式形成固体部件1。基于喷墨的粘结剂喷射技术通常包括沙子、金属粉末和聚合物粉末。然而，为了扩大材料在粘结剂喷射中的空间，需要一种研究流体-粉末和粉末-粉末相互作用、摩擦学、粉末堆积密度和颗粒聚集的基本方法。具体而言，对于流体-粉末相互作用，迫切需要能够实时成像流经粉末床的流体流动。这有望成为研究人员的有力工具，可以作为一种表征技术，并可能作为流体和粉末的不同组合的筛选方法2，3，4，以及更复杂的系统，例如利用颗粒床方法的混凝土3D打印系统。
分子和胶体传输的新型成像技术（包括纳米颗粒）的发展是微流体和毫流体研究中一个活跃的研究领域。通过成像技术探测分子间相互作用可能具有挑战性，因为在非饱和和不稳定流体流动的条件下，很少有人做过工作来探测这些类型的相互作用。文献中报道的许多研究都集中在饱和、预润湿、多孔介质上，例如玻璃珠5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12 和土壤 13、14、15、16、17、18.该技术提供了一种非侵入性方法，导致高时间和空间分辨率2，3，4，19。此外，所开发的技术提供了一种新方法，用于表征和量化各种多孔介质中的纳米级和微米级颗粒传输，重点是聚合物粉末。
所提出的技术利用移动设备记录通过多孔聚合物介质的不饱和，不稳定的流体传输，其颗粒尺寸代表利用流体粉末床融合技术的3D打印系统中使用的粉末。这种技术是有利的，因为流通池具有成本效益，可重复使用，体积小且易于操作，说明了节俭科学的主要方面。将这些简单的实验实施到现场研究中的能力非常简单，消除了光学显微镜所需的复杂性、成本和时间。鉴于易于创建设置、快速获得结果以及最少的样品要求，该技术是诊断筛查的最佳平台。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>&#181;-Slide I Luer</td>
			<td>ibidi</td>
			<td>80191</td>
			<td>Microfluidic flow cell</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Beaker</td>
			<td>Southern Labware</td>
			<td>BG1000-800</td>
			<td>Glassware</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CALIBRE 301-58 LT Natural Polycarbonate Resin</td>
			<td>TRINSEO LLC</td>
			<td>CALIBRETM 301-58 LT</td>
			<td>Natural polycarbonate resin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>1.00983</td>
			<td>Solvent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fume Hood</td>
			<td>Kewaunee</td>
			<td>Supreme Air LV Fume Hoods</td>
			<td>Used with 92 FPM at 18&#34; opening</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>iPhone 7 plus</td>
			<td>Apple</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Camera</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Opaque 3D printed material</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>The CAD drawing is provided in the supplemental file</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ORGASOL&#160; 2002 ES 6 NAT 3</td>
			<td>ARKEMA</td>
			<td>A12135</td>
			<td>Polyamide powder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pipet</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>10754-268</td>
			<td>Disposable Transfer Pipet</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pipette</td>
			<td>Globe Scientific Inc.</td>
			<td>3301-200</td>
			<td>Pipette that can hold 125 &#181;L of fluid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polystyrene</td>
			<td>Advanced Laser Materials, LLC.</td>
			<td>PS200</td>
			<td>Polystyrene for sintering</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tracker</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Video analysis and modeling tool</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>VariQuest 100 White Light Model 3-3700</td>
			<td>FOTODYNE</td>
			<td>&#160;3-3700</td>
			<td>White light</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Water</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Distilled water</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

frugal imaging technique of capillary flow through three-dimensional polymeric printing powders

分子和胶体传输（包括纳米颗粒）的新型成像技术的发展是微流体和毫流体研究中积极研究的领域。随着三维（3D）打印的出现，出现了一个新的材料领域，从而增加了对新型聚合物的需求。具体来说，平均粒径在一微米量级的聚合物粉末正受到学术界和工业界越来越多的关注。在介观到微观长度尺度上控制材料的可调性为开发创新材料（如梯度材料）创造了机会。最近，随着微米级聚合物粉末的明确应用的发展，对微米级聚合物粉末的需求一直在增长。三维打印提供了一种高通量工艺，与新应用直接相关，推动了对中尺度物理化学和运输相互作用的研究。本文讨论的协议提供了一种非侵入性技术来成像填充粉末床中的流体流动，提供高时间和空间分辨率，同时利用移动设备（如智能手机）随时可用的移动技术。通过使用通用移动设备，消除了通常与光学显微镜相关的成像成本，从而形成了节俭的科学方法。所提出的协议已成功表征了流体和粉末的各种组合，创建了一个诊断平台，用于快速成像和识别流体和粉末的最佳组合。

在分析数据部分， 图3 中延时图像的数据说明了75 wt%乙醇溶液渗入聚碳酸酯（PC）粉末。荧光素被添加到溶液中，以提高本出版物的图像质量。在延时图像中，当流体添加到入口时，时间分辨过程就开始了。一旦流体开始穿透通道，时间 t 就开始了。这一系列图像展示了液体和荧光素的进展。在PC中，液体和荧光素以相同的流速输送。 图 4 中图?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Frugal Imaging Technique of Capillary Flow Through Three-Dimensional Polymeric Printing Powders at JoVE.com

Frugal Imaging Technique of Capillary Flow Through Three-Dimensional Polymeric Printing Powders

所提出的技术将提供一种新颖、高效、节俭和非侵入性的方法，用于对通过填充粉末床的流体流动进行成像，从而产生高空间和时间分辨率。

毛细管流通过三维聚合物印刷粉末的节俭成像技术

The development of novel imaging techniques of molecular and colloidal transport, including nanoparticles, is an area of active investigation in ...

所提出的技术是一种新颖、高效、节俭和非侵入性的方法，用于对通过填充粉末床的流体流动进行成像，从而产生高空间和时间分辨率。这种技术是有利的，因为流通池具有成本效益，可重复使用，体积小且易于操作，说明了节俭科学的主要方面。轻敲粉末并确认粉末压实是生产可重复诊断工具的关键。为了开始制备微流体流通池，首先用泡沫覆盖出口以密封通道的一端，以便空流通池可以用聚合粉末填充。将公制纸尺直接粘在流道下方。挥动微流体流通池，并附有渗透泡沫和尺子。流通池的质量是未包装的流通池质量。使用塑料移液管转移粉末。将粉末引入通道时，至少点击流通池五次以压实粉末。继续包装，直到粉末到达流道开口的起点。用浸有酒精的擦拭布去除流通池外表面上存在的粉末。粉末包装好后，目视检查流通池中是否有松散包装的粉末。如果流通池内的粉末看起来包装松散，请再轻敲流通池五次。如果粉末填料看起来一致且紧凑，请称量流通池以测量聚合物粉末的质量。为防止过多光线淹没相机探测器，请用不透明材料覆盖灯台，例如黑色聚乳酸丝中的 3D 打印盖子。确保材料具有微通道大小的开口，以允许光线照亮粉末。为确保移动设备上的相机可以捕捉湿粉和干粉之间的对比度，请在低到中等光强度下使用光台。将移动设备上的相机直接对准灯台上方。确认相机垂直于灯台顶部。将相机对焦到移动设备上后，选择录制按钮。使用移液器将125微升液体添加到微通道的开放入口中。记录流量两分钟或直到所有粉末都明显润湿。将视频文件从移动设备传输到计算机，以便于访问。安装软件后，打开跟踪器软件。从文件菜单中选择打开文件以将传输的视频文件加载到计算机桌面上。要定义起始帧和步长，请单击剪辑设置图标。然后单击校准工具，然后单击新的并选择校准棒。要放大视频中的标尺，请右键单击要放大的区域，然后从列表中选择放大。适当放大后，在贴在微通道上的标尺上定义一毫米的起点和终点，然后键入 1 毫米以定义距离。单击坐标访问工具。在执行步骤时使用起始帧设置 x 和 y 轴的原点。要创建点体量，请单击“创建”。然后选择点鼠标。使用 shift plus 控件更改矩形的大小。初始点是入口和通道的连接位置。单击接下来的搜索几次，以验证软件是否正在分析正确的区域。如果软件运行正常，请单击搜索并等待软件完成视频分析。图上的红色圆圈表示编译信息的确切时间和距离。在一到两秒的间隔内，流体行进的距离增加了一倍。在两到五秒的间隔内，流体行进的距离也增加了一倍。从 5 秒到 10 秒，流体仍在快速移动。然而，15秒后，流速会减慢到每五秒约2毫米。参加此程序时要记住的最重要的事情是压实您的粉末。该程序可以对陶瓷和金属粉末执行，并且具有很高的地质现场研究潜力，以跟踪包装模式系统中的流动。这项技术为研究人员探索化学修饰的表面以及装有纳米颗粒的流体以观察颗粒附着铺平了道路。

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

Determining 3D Flow Fields via Multi-camera Light Field Imaging

通过多摄像头的光场成像的三维流场测定

In the field of fluid mechanics, the resolution of computational schemes has outpaced experimental methods and widened the gap between predicted and ...

科研

工程学

High-resolution, High-speed, Three-dimensional Video Imaging with Digital Fringe Projection Techniques

Digital fringe projection (DFP) techniques provide dense 3D measurements of dynamically changing surfaces.&#160;Like the human eyes and brain, DFP uses ...

Process of Making Three-dimensional Microstructures using Vaporization of a Sacrificial Component

制作三维微结构，用牺牲部分汽化过程

Vascular structures in natural systems are able to provide high mass transport through high surface areas and optimized structure. Few synthetic material ...

Visualizing Hyporheic Flow Through Bedforms Using Dye Experiments and Simulation

可视化潜流流通过底形用染料试验及仿真

Advective exchange between the pore space of sediments and the overlying water column, called hyporheic exchange in fluvial environments, drives solute ...

Using Synchrotron Radiation Microtomography to Investigate Multi-scale Three-dimensional Microelectronic Packages

利用同步辐射微断层调查的多尺度三维微电子封装

Synchrotron radiation micro-tomography (SR&#181;T) is a non-destructive three-dimensional (3D) imaging technique that offers high flux for fast data ...

Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow

湍流应用三维粒子跟踪测速：一喷流病例

3D-PTV is a quantitative flow measurement technique that aims to track the Lagrangian paths of a set of particles in three dimensions using stereoscopic ...

Wicking Tests for Unidirectional Fabrics: Measurements of Capillary Parameters to Evaluate Capillary Pressure in Liquid Composite Molding Processes

吸湿排汗试验单向织物：毛细管参数的标准评价在液体复合成型工艺毛细管压力

During impregnation of a fibrous reinforcement in liquid composite molding (LCM) processes, capillary effects have to be understood in order to identify ...

Three-Dimensional Ultrasonic Needle Tip Tracking with a Fiber-Optic Ultrasound Receiver

基于光纤超声接收机的三维超声针尖跟踪

Ultrasound is frequently used for guiding minimally invasive procedures, but visualizing medical devices is often challenging with this imaging modality. ...

Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques

流成像技术同时测量湍流和粒子运动学

Numerous problems in scientific and engineering fields involve understanding the kinematics of particles in turbulent flows, such as contaminants, marine ...