Name: transesophageal atrial burst pacing for atrial fibrillation induction in rats
Uploaded: 2022-02-14T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Transesophageal Atrial Burst Pacing for Atrial Fibrillation Induction in Rats at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了罗马尼亚教育和研究部CNCS - UEFISCDI的赠款支持，项目编号PN-III-P1-1.1-TE-2019-0370，在PNCDI III内。

涉及动物受试者的程序由Târgu Mureş的医学，药学，科学和技术大学“George Emil Palade”伦理委员会批准，罗马尼亚国家卫生兽医和食品安全局批准，并符合国际实验动物科学理事会指南（指令2010/63 / EU）。
1. 经食管心房爆裂起搏方案
<ol><li>将成年雄性Wistar大鼠（200-400克体重）随机分为两组：STIM和SHAM。</li>
	<li>麻醉动物。<ol>
<li>对于诱导，使用2.5%异氟醚，4升/分?...

<ol>
	<li>Kornej, J., B&#246;rschel, C. S., Benjamin, E. J., Schnabel, R. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epidemiology+of+atrial+fibrillation+in+the+21st+century:+Novel+methods+and+new+insights.">Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation in the 21st century: Novel methods and new insights.</a> Circulation Research. 127 (1), 4-20 (2020).</li><li>Hindricks, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=2020+ESC+Guidelines+for+the+diagnosis+and+management+of+atrial+fibrillation+developed+in+collaboration+with+the+European+Association+for+Cardio-Thoracic+Surgery+(EACTS):+The+Task+Force+for+the+diagnosis+and+management+of+atrial+fibrillation+of+the+European+Society+of+Cardiology+(ESC).">2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).</a> European Heart Journal. 42 (5), 373 (2021).</li><li>Veenhuyzen, G. D., Simpson, C. S., Abdollah, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Atrial+fibrillation.">Atrial fibrillation.</a> Canadian Medical Association Journal. 171 (7), 755-760 (2004).</li><li>Lau, D. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Atrial+arrhythmia+in+ageing+spontaneously+hypertensive+rats:+unraveling+the+substrate+in+hypertension+and+ageing.">Atrial arrhythmia in ageing spontaneously hypertensive rats: unraveling the substrate in hypertension and ageing.</a> PloS One. 8 (8), 72416 (2013).</li><li>Scridon, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Unprovoked+atrial+tachyarrhythmias+in+aging+spontaneously+hypertensive+rats:+The+role+of+the+autonomic+nervous+system.">Unprovoked atrial tachyarrhythmias in aging spontaneously hypertensive rats: The role of the autonomic nervous system.</a> American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 303 (3), 386-392 (2012).</li><li>Haugan, K., Lam, H. R., Knudsen, C. B., Petersen, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Atrial+fibrillation+in+rats+induced+by+rapid+transesophageal+atrial+pacing+during+brief+episodes+of+asphyxia:+a+new+in+vivo+model.">Atrial fibrillation in rats induced by rapid transesophageal atrial pacing during brief episodes of asphyxia: a new in vivo model.</a> Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. 44 (1), 125-135 (2004).</li><li>Sugiyama, A., Takahara, A., Honsho, S., Nakamura, Y., Hashimoto, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+simple+in+vivo+atrial+fibrillation+model+of+rat+induced+by+transesophageal+atrial+burst+pacing.">A simple in vivo atrial fibrillation model of rat induced by transesophageal atrial burst pacing.</a> Journal of Pharmacological Sciences. 98 (3), 315-318 (2005).</li><li>Scridon, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dissociation+between+animal+and+clinical+studies.+where+do+we+go+wrong.">Dissociation between animal and clinical studies. where do we go wrong.</a> Romanian Journal of Cardiology. 31 (3), 497-500 (2021).</li><li>Mulla, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+atrial+pacing+promotes+atrial+fibrillation+substrate+in+unanesthetized+instrumented+rats.">Rapid atrial pacing promotes atrial fibrillation substrate in unanesthetized instrumented rats.</a> Frontiers in Physiology. 10, 1218 (2019).</li><li>Scridon, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spontaneous+atrial+fibrillation+after+long-term+transesophageal+atrial+burst+pacing+in+rats.+Technical+and+procedural+approach+to+a+new+in+vivo+atrial+fibrillation+model.">Spontaneous atrial fibrillation after long-term transesophageal atrial burst pacing in rats. Technical and procedural approach to a new in vivo atrial fibrillation model.</a> Romanian Journal of Laboratory Medicine. 26 (1), 105-112 (2018).</li><li>Halatiu, V. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chronic+exposure+to+high+doses+of+bisphenol+A+exhibits+significant+atrial+proarrhythmic+effects+in+healthy+adult+rats.">Chronic exposure to high doses of bisphenol A exhibits significant atrial proarrhythmic effects in healthy adult rats.</a> Romanian Journal of Cardiology. 31 (3), 587-595 (2021).</li><li>Zaciragi&#263;, A., Nakas-i&#263;indi&#263;, E., Hadzovi&#263;, A., Avdagi&#263;, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Average+values+of+electrocardiograph+parameters+in+healthy,+adult+Wistar+rats.">Average values of electrocardiograph parameters in healthy, adult Wistar rats.</a> Medical Archives. 58 (5), 268-270 (2004).</li><li>Cheshire, W. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thermoregulatory+disorders+and+illness+related+to+heat+and+cold+stress.">Thermoregulatory disorders and illness related to heat and cold stress.</a> Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical. 196, 91-104 (2016).</li><li>&#536;erban, R. C., Scridon, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Data+linking+diabetes+mellitus+and+atrial+fibrillation-how+strong+is+the+evidence?+From+epidemiology+and+pathophysiology+to+therapeutic+implications.">Data linking diabetes mellitus and atrial fibrillation-how strong is the evidence? From epidemiology and pathophysiology to therapeutic implications.</a> Canadian Journal of Cardiology. 34 (11), 1492-1502 (2018).</li><li>Nishida, K., Michael, G., Dobrev, D., Nattel, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+for+atrial+fibrillation:+clinical+insights+and+scientific+opportunities.">Animal models for atrial fibrillation: clinical insights and scientific opportunities.</a> Europace. 12 (2), 160-172 (2010).</li><li>Qiu, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=DL-3-n-Butylphthalide+reduces+atrial+fibrillation+susceptibility+by+inhibiting+atrial+structural+remodeling+in+rats+with+heart+failure.">DL-3-n-Butylphthalide reduces atrial fibrillation susceptibility by inhibiting atrial structural remodeling in rats with heart failure.</a> Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology. 391 (3), 323-334 (2018).</li></ol>

本文描述了一种长期经食管心房爆裂起搏的实验方案，用于快速有效地诱导大鼠心房颤动，适用于急性和长期心房颤动研究。本文描述的10天刺激方案已成功用于开发“继发性自发性心房颤动模型”（即，在通过电刺激诱导AF一段时间后，心房颤动自发发展的模型）10。然而，方案的持续时间可以根据研究的确切目的而有所不同。
其他参数，例如刺激导管的?...

心房颤动 （AF） 是临床实践中最常见的持续性心律失常，其发病率和患病率在世界范围内继续急剧增加1.根据最近的研究，这种心律失常影响高达4%的世界人口2。然而，鉴于阵发性心房颤动可能无症状，因此可能无法逃脱检测，心房颤动的真实患病率可能远高于文献中提出的患病率。
心房颤动的病理生理学已被深入研究。然而，这种复杂性心律失常的潜在机制仍然不完全阐明，这反映在有限的治疗方案中，疗效值得怀疑。动物研究为我们理解心房颤动病理生理学和治疗管理带来了重要的见解。再入是AF发病机制3的主要机制之一，需要一定数量的心肌组织才能发生。因此，大型动物在心房颤动研究中通常是首选，而由于其心房面积小，啮齿动物长期以来一直被认为对心房颤动具有“抗性”。然而，大型动物的使用主要受到处理困难的阻碍。同时，尽管自发性心房颤动已被证明发生在大鼠4中，但需要长期随访（长达50周）才能在这些模型中发生心律失常5。还开发了确保小型啮齿动物快速发生心房颤动的模型。大多数情况下，这些模型使用急性电刺激，通常在存在其他有利条件的情况下，例如伴随的副交感神经刺激或窒息，以人为诱导心房颤动6，7。尽管这些模型有效，但无法评估心房颤动相关的关键特征，例如心房的进行性电、结构、自主神经或分子重塑，也无法评估常规或非常规抗心律失常药物对心房底物或室性心律失常风险的影响8，9。
本工作描述了一种长期经食管心房爆裂起搏的实验方案，用于快速有效地诱导大鼠心房颤动。该方案适用于急性和长期研究，并且可以在存在各种危险因素的情况下成功用于具有健康或重塑心脏的大鼠，从而可以研究AF病理生理学，鉴定新的治疗靶点以及评估新的预防和/或治疗策略。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Antisedan (Atipamezole Hydrochloride) 5mg / mL, solution for injection</td>
			<td>Orion Corporation</td>
			<td>06043/4004</td>
			<td>for Rats use 1 mg / kg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dormitor (Medetomidine Hydrochloride) 1 mg / mL, solution for injection</td>
			<td>Orion Corporation</td>
			<td>06043/4003</td>
			<td>for Rats use 0.5 mg / kg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>E-Z Anesthesia Single Animal System</td>
			<td>E-Z Systems Inc</td>
			<td>EZ-SA800</td>
			<td>Allows the manipulation of one animal at a time</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane 99.9%, 100 mL</td>
			<td>Rompharm Company</td>
			<td>N01AB06</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketamine 10%, 25 mL</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>for Rats use 75 mg / kg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microcontroller-based cardiac pacemaker for small animals</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Developed in our laboratory (See Reference number 10 in the manuscript)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surface ECG recording system</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Developed in our laboratory (See Reference number 10 in the manuscript)</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

transesophageal atrial burst pacing for atrial fibrillation induction in rats

动物研究为我们理解心房颤动（AF）病理生理学和治疗管理带来了重要的见解。再入是心房颤动发病机制的主要机制之一，需要一定数量的心肌组织才能发生。由于心房面积小，啮齿动物长期以来一直被认为是对心房颤动的“抗性”。虽然自发性心房颤动已被证明发生在大鼠身上，但这些模型中发生心律失常需要长期随访（长达50周）。本工作描述了一种经食管心房爆裂起搏的实验方案，用于快速有效地诱导大鼠心房颤动。该方案可以成功地用于具有健康或重塑心脏的大鼠，在存在各种危险因素的情况下，允许研究心房颤动病理生理学，鉴定新的治疗靶点，以及评估新的预防和/或治疗策略。

在一项概念验证研究中，22只成年雄性Wistar大鼠（200-400克）被随机分为两组：STIM（n = 15）和SHAM（n = 7）。所有动物都被单独安置在聚碳酸酯笼子里，在气候控制的房间（21-22°C）中，在整个研究过程中可以自由获得水和干粮。上述经食管刺激方案适用于所有动物，每周5天，共10天。所有动物都经历了相同的方案，除了SHAM组中的大鼠没有接受主动电刺激。
正如预期的那样，在?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Transesophageal Atrial Burst Pacing for Atrial Fibrillation Induction in Rats at JoVE.com

Transesophageal Atrial Burst Pacing for Atrial Fibrillation Induction in Rats

本工作描述了一种经食管心房爆裂起搏的实验方案，用于有效诱导大鼠心房颤动（AF）。该方案可用于具有健康或重塑心脏的大鼠，允许研究AF病理生理学，鉴定新的治疗靶点以及评估新的治疗策略。

经食管心房爆破起搏在大鼠心房颤动诱导中的应用

Animal studies have brought important insights into our understanding regarding atrial fibrillation (AF) pathophysiology and therapeutic management. ...

本方案可成功用于在存在各种危险因素的情况下具有健康或重塑心脏的大鼠，以进行急性或长期随访研究。该方案允许研究不同病理生理学条件下的心房颤动，以评估新的预防和治疗策略。麻醉成年Wistar大鼠后，将大鼠置于加热垫上的仰卧位，以将其体温保持在37摄氏度。然后，通过将负极放在右前肢，将正极放在左后肢上，将接地电极放在左前肢上，以导联II构型将三个表面心电图电极连接到大鼠四肢上。使用薄型弹性手镯弦弦将电极固定到位。接下来，打开表面心电图记录，并使用商业或本地开发的采集程序在整个过程中执行连续的心电图记录。对于电刺激，使用连接到基于微控制器的心脏起搏器的五或六法式四极导管。一旦完全麻醉了该途径，将导管通过口腔插入食道。为了确认刺激导管在心房水平上的正确位置，以每分钟400次刺激的频率施加电刺激。然后，检查心电图示踪是否显示心房的恒定捕获。在此基础上，确定舒张压限定义为获得心房捕获所需的最低电压。对于刺激组中的大鼠，一旦确定了导管的正确位置，就将刺激器设置为每分钟4， 000次刺激的频率，电压高于舒张阈值三伏。然后，对于每只大鼠，应用15个连续的刺激周期，每个周期20秒，周期之间的自由间隔为5分钟。接下来，通过识别窦房结恢复时间来检查刺激的有效性，该时间在快速起搏结束时显示为比窦性心律期间记录的周期长度长长的时间间隔，并表示超速抑制结束后恢复窦性心律所需的时间间隔。然后，确定心房颤动发作的发生，定义为存在三次或更多次连续的、不规则的、室上性心跳，P波不存在或被小的、扭曲的F波取代。对于假组的大鼠，在通过口腔插入导管后，将导管保持在位18分钟而不施加任何电刺激，同时连续记录表面心电图。在刺激的第一天，80%接受电刺激的大鼠出现心房颤动发作在应用的164个刺激周期中，42个随后出现心房颤动发作。在10天的刺激中，平均在所有动物中有效诱导了15.6例心房颤动发作。在应用的总刺激周期中，20%随后是心房颤动，41次发作持续超过600秒。对于持续时间小于600秒的情节，平均持续时间为40.12秒。目前的技术相对容易复制，经常使用动物模型的实验室人员不需要特殊培训。在此程序之后，可以使用遥测设备进行连续ECG记录，以评估自发性心房颤动发作和心率变异性。

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

High-Resolution Endocardial and Epicardial Optical Mapping in a Sheep Model of Stretch-Induced Atrial Fibrillation

高分辨率的心内膜和心外膜光学在拉伸诱发心房颤动的羊模型的映射

 Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a complex cardiac arrhythmia with high morbidity and mortality.1,2 It is the most common sustained cardiac rhythm disturbance ...

科研

医学

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation

守望的左心耳封闭装置心房颤动

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, affecting an estimated 6 million people in the United States 1. Since AF affects primarily ...

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation

结合消融房颤左心耳封堵

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, affecting millions of individuals worldwide 1-3. The rapid, irregular, and ...

Robotic Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation

房颤消融机器人

Background: Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is an established treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF). During PVI an electrical conduction block between ...

Isolation of Atrial Myocytes from Adult Mice

从成年小鼠分离心膜肌细胞

The electrophysiological properties of atrial myocytes importantly affect overall cardiac function. Alterations in the underlying ionic currents ...

Cooling or Warming the Esophagus to Reduce Esophageal Injury During Left Atrial Ablation in the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation

在心房颤动治疗中，为食道冷却或加热，以减少左心房消融期间的食管损伤

Ablation of the left atrium using either radiofrequency (RF) or cryothermal energy is an effective treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF) and is the most ...

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure

经导管闭合前心房通路的超声心动图评估

Transthoracic (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the standard imaging method for atrial septal defect (ASD) and patent foramen ovale ...

Modifications of the Langendorff Method for Simultaneous Isolation of Atrial and Ventricular Myocytes from Adult Mice

朗根多夫方法的修改，用于从成年小鼠中同时分离心房和心室肌细胞

A single cardiomyocyte is a vital tool in the cellular and subcellular level studies of cardiac biology and diseases as a fundamental unit of contraction ...

Sterile Pericarditis in Aachener Minipigs As a Model for Atrial Myopathy and Atrial Fibrillation

Aachener Minipigs的无菌性心包炎作为心房肌病和心房颤动的模型

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia caused by structural remodeling of the atria, also called atrial myopathy. Current therapies only ...