Name: generation of a mouse spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis model
Uploaded: 2023-03-17T14:05:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model at JoVE.com

Les anticorps monoclonaux de souris dirigés contre la TPO humaine (utilisés comme témoins positifs) ont été fournis par le Dr P. Carayon et le Dr J. Ruf (Marseille, France). Les auteurs remercient tous les participants à cette étude et les membres de notre équipe de recherche. Ce travail a été en partie soutenu par des subventions du Fonds de soutien postdoctoral de l’hôpital de Chine occidentale, Université du Sichuan, Chine (2020HXBH057) et du Programme de soutien scientifique et technologique de la province du Sichuan (projet n ° 2021YFS0166)

Le protocole décrit ci-dessous a été approuvé par les directives de soin et d’utilisation établies par le Comité institutionnel de soin et d’utilisation des animaux de l’Université du Sichuan.
1. Préparation
<ol><li>Hébergez toutes les souris dans des conditions spécifiques exemptes d’agents pathogènes sous des cycles lumière-obscurité de 12 h (à partir de 07h00 et 19h00, respectivement). Maintenez la température ambiante à 22 °C. Changez les matér...

<ol>
	<li>Ralli, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hashimoto's+thyroiditis:+An+update+on+pathogenic+mechanisms,+diagnostic+protocols,+therapeutic+strategies,+and+potential+malignant+transformation.">Hashimoto's thyroiditis: An update on pathogenic mechanisms, diagnostic protocols, therapeutic strategies, and potential malignant transformation.</a> Autoimmunity Reviews. 19 (10), 102649 (2020).</li><li>Zhang, Q. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lymphocyte+infiltration+and+thyrocyte+destruction+are+driven+by+stromal+and+immune+cell+components+in+Hashimoto's+thyroiditis.">Lymphocyte infiltration and thyrocyte destruction are driven by stromal and immune cell components in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.</a> Nature Communications. 13 (1), 775 (2022).</li><li>Ruggeri, R. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Autoimmune+comorbidities+in+Hashimoto's+thyroiditis:+different+patterns+of+association+in+adulthood+and+childhood/adolescence.">Autoimmune comorbidities in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: different patterns of association in adulthood and childhood/adolescence.</a> European Journal of Endocrinology. 176 (2), 133-141 (2017).</li><li>Resende de Paiva, C., Gr&#248;nh&#248;j, C., Feldt-Rasmussen, U., von Buchwald, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Association+between+Hashimoto's+thyroiditis+and+thyroid+cancer+in+64,628+patients.">Association between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and thyroid cancer in 64,628 patients.</a> Frontiers in Oncology. 7, 53 (2017).</li><li>Ehlers, M., Schott, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hashimoto's+thyroiditis+and+papillary+thyroid+cancer:+are+they+immunologically+linked.">Hashimoto's thyroiditis and papillary thyroid cancer: are they immunologically linked.</a> Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism. 25 (12), 656-664 (2014).</li><li>Medenica, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+cell+and+gene+therapies+in+the+treatment+of+infertility+in+patients+with+thyroid+autoimmunity.">The role of cell and gene therapies in the treatment of infertility in patients with thyroid autoimmunity.</a> International Journal of Endocrinology. 2022, 4842316 (2022).</li><li>Rose, N. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+genetics+of+autoimmune+thyroiditis:+the+first+decade.">The genetics of autoimmune thyroiditis: the first decade.</a> Journal of Autoimmunity. 37 (2), 88-94 (2011).</li><li>Kolypetri, P., King, J., Larijani, M., Carayanniotis, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genes+and+environment+as+predisposing+factors+in+autoimmunity:+acceleration+of+spontaneous+thyroiditis+by+dietary+iodide+in+NOD.H2(h4)+mice.">Genes and environment as predisposing factors in autoimmunity: acceleration of spontaneous thyroiditis by dietary iodide in NOD.H2(h4) mice.</a> International Reviews of Immunology. 34 (6), 542-556 (2015).</li><li>Terplan, K. L., Witebsky, E., Rose, N. R., Paine, J. R., Egan, R. 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E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structural+mechanisms+of+GABA+receptor+autoimmune+encephalitis.">Structural mechanisms of GABA receptor autoimmune encephalitis.</a> Cell. 185 (14), 2469-2477 (2022).</li><li>Pudifin, D. J., Duursma, J., Brain, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+autoimmune+thyroiditis+in+the+vervet+monkey.">Experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in the vervet monkey.</a> Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 29 (2), 256-260 (1977).</li><li>Esquivel, P. S., Rose, N. R., Kong, Y. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+autoimmunity+in+good+and+poor+responder+mice+with+mouse+thyroglobulin+and+lipopolysaccharide.">Induction of autoimmunity in good and poor responder mice with mouse thyroglobulin and lipopolysaccharide.</a> The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 145 (5), 1250-1263 (1977).</li><li>Kong, Y. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=HLA-DRB1+polymorphism+determines+susceptibility+to+autoimmune+thyroiditis+in+transgenic+mice:+definitive+association+with+HLA-DRB1*0301+(DR3)+gene.">HLA-DRB1 polymorphism determines susceptibility to autoimmune thyroiditis in transgenic mice: definitive association with HLA-DRB1*0301 (DR3) gene.</a> The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 184 (3), 1167-1172 (1996).</li><li>Kotani, T., Umeki, K., Hirai, K., Ohtakia, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+murine+thyroiditis+induced+by+porcine+thyroid+peroxidase+and+its+transfer+by+the+antigen-specific+T+cell+line.">Experimental murine thyroiditis induced by porcine thyroid peroxidase and its transfer by the antigen-specific T cell line.</a> Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 80 (1), 11-18 (1990).</li><li>Ng, H. P., Banga, J. P., Kung, A. W. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+a+murine+model+of+autoimmune+thyroiditis+induced+with+homologous+mouse+thyroid+peroxidase.">Development of a murine model of autoimmune thyroiditis induced with homologous mouse thyroid peroxidase.</a> Endocrinology. 145 (2), 809-816 (2004).</li><li>Ng, H. P., Kung, A. W. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+autoimmune+thyroiditis+and+hypothyroidism+by+immunization+of+immunoactive+T+cell+epitope+of+thyroid+peroxidase.">Induction of autoimmune thyroiditis and hypothyroidism by immunization of immunoactive T cell epitope of thyroid peroxidase.</a> Endocrinology. 147 (6), 3085-3092 (2006).</li><li>Ellis, J. S., Braley-Mullen, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanisms+by+which+B+cells+and+regulatory+T+Cells+influence+development+of+murine+organ-specific+autoimmune+diseases.">Mechanisms by which B cells and regulatory T Cells influence development of murine organ-specific autoimmune diseases.</a> Journal of Clinical Medicine. 6 (2), 13 (2017).</li><li>Fang, Y., Yu, S., Braley-Mullen, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Contrasting+roles+of+IFN-gamma+in+murine+models+of+autoimmune+thyroid+diseases.">Contrasting roles of IFN-gamma in murine models of autoimmune thyroid diseases.</a> Thyroid. 17 (10), 989-994 (2007).</li><li>Fang, Y., Zhao, L., Yan, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemokines+as+novel+therapeutic+targets+in+autoimmune+thyroiditis.">Chemokines as novel therapeutic targets in autoimmune thyroiditis.</a> Recent Patents on DNA &amp; Gene Sequences. 4 (1), 52-57 (2010).</li><li>Chen, C. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antibodies+to+thyroid+peroxidase+arise+spontaneously+with+age+in+NOD.H-2h4+mice+and+appear+after+thyroglobulin+antibodies.">Antibodies to thyroid peroxidase arise spontaneously with age in NOD.H-2h4 mice and appear after thyroglobulin antibodies.</a> Endocrinology. 151 (9), 4583-4593 (2010).</li><li>Ruf, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Relationship+between+immunological+structure+and+biochemical+properties+of+human+thyroid+peroxidase.">Relationship between immunological structure and biochemical properties of human thyroid peroxidase.</a> Endocrinology. 125 (3), 1211-1218 (1989).</li><li>McLachlan, S. M., Aliesky, H. A., Chen, C. R., Chong, G., Rapoport, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Breaking+tolerance+in+transgenic+mice+expressing+the+human+TSH+receptor+A-subunit:+thyroiditis,+epitope+spreading+and+adjuvant+as+a+'double+edged+sword'.">Breaking tolerance in transgenic mice expressing the human TSH receptor A-subunit: thyroiditis, epitope spreading and adjuvant as a 'double edged sword'.</a> PLoS One. 7 (9), e43517 (2012).</li><li>McLachlan, S. M., Aliesky, H. A., Chen, C. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Breaking+tolerance+in+transgenic+mice+expressing+the+human+TSH+receptor+A-subunit:+thyroiditis,+epitope+spreading+and+adjuvant+as+a+'double+edged+sword’[J].">Breaking tolerance in transgenic mice expressing the human TSH receptor A-subunit: thyroiditis, epitope spreading and adjuvant as a 'double edged sword’[J].</a> PLoS One. 7 (9), e43517 (2012).</li><li>Hutchings, P. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Both+CD4(+)+T+cells+and+CD8(+)+T+cells+are+required+for+iodine+accelerated+thyroiditis+in+NOD+mice.">Both CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells are required for iodine accelerated thyroiditis in NOD mice.</a> Cellular Immunology. 192 (2), 113-121 (1999).</li><li>Xue, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamic+changes+of+CD4+CD25+++regulatory+T+cells+in+NOD.H-2h4+mice+with+iodine-induced+autoimmune+thyroiditis.">Dynamic changes of CD4+CD25 + regulatory T cells in NOD.H-2h4 mice with iodine-induced autoimmune thyroiditis.</a> Biological Trace Element Research. 143 (1), 292-301 (2011).</li><li>Hou, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+halofuginone+on+the+pathogenesis+of+autoimmune+thyroid+disease+in+different+mice+models.">Effect of halofuginone on the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease in different mice models.</a> Endocrine, Metabolic &amp; Immune Disorders Drug Targets. 17 (2), 141-148 (2017).</li><li>McLachlan, S. 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S., Carayanniotis, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tolerogenic+semimature+dendritic+cells+suppress+experimental+autoimmune+thyroiditis+by+activation+of+thyroglobulin-specific+CD4+CD25++T+cells.">Tolerogenic semimature dendritic cells suppress experimental autoimmune thyroiditis by activation of thyroglobulin-specific CD4+CD25+ T cells.</a> Journal of Immunology. 174 (11), 7433-7439 (2005).</li><li>Flynn, J. 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L’HT se produit en raison d’un trouble du système auto-immun causé par des lymphocytes infiltrant la glande thyroïde, altérant davantage la fonction thyroïdienne, tout en produisant des anticorps spécifiques à la thyroïde. Les taux sériques de TSH, de TgAb et de TPOAb chez les patients HT sont significativement élevés27. À l’heure actuelle, deux principaux types de modèles murins sont largement utilisés pour étudier l’étiologie de la thyroïdite auto-immune: EAT et SAT<sup ...

An erratum was issued for:&#160;<a href="https://www.jove.com/t/64609">Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model</a>. The Protocol section was updated.
Step 3.1.1 of the Protocol was updated from:
After the induction, anesthetize the mice with a volume of 0.01 mL/g anesthetic by intraperitoneal injection. Prepare the anesthetic by mixing midazolam (40 &#181;g/100 &#181;L for sedation), medetomidine (7.5 &#181;g/100 &#181;L for sedation), and butorphanol tartrate (50 &#181;g/100 &#181;L for analgesia) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS).
to
After the induction, anesthetize the mice with a volume of 0.01 mL/g anesthetic by intraperitoneal injection. Prepare the anesthetic by mixing midazolam (40 &#181;g/100 &#181;L for sedation), medetomidine (7.5 &#181;g/100 &#181;L for sedation), and butorphanol tartrate (50 &#181;g/100 &#181;L for analgesia) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). 
NOTE: The specific concentrations of each component in the anesthesia mixture are: midazolam 13.33&#181;g/100&#181;L, medetomidine 2.5&#181;g/100&#181;L, and butorphanol 16.7&#181;g/100&#181;L. For specific dosages used in mice, the doses are: midazolam 4&#181;g/g, medetomidine 0.75&#181;g/g, and butorphanol 1.67&#181;g/g.&#160;Anesthesia depth was confirmed when the mouse&#39;s limb muscles relaxed, the whiskers had no touch response, and there was loss of&#160; pedal reflex.
Step 3.1.2 of the Protocol was updated from:
After the mice are anesthetized, cut off their whiskers with ophthalmic scissors to prevent blood from flowing down the whiskers and causing hemolysis. Fix the mouse with one hand and press the skin of the eye to make the eyeball protrude. Quickly remove the eyeball and draw 1 mL of blood into the microcentrifuge tube via a capillary tube.
to
After the mice are anesthetized, prepare the peripheral blood samples, by fixing the mouse with one hand and pressing the eye skin to protrude the eyeball. Then, insert the capillary tube into the inner corner of the eye and penetrate at a 30-45 degree angle to the plane of the nostril. Apply pressure while gently rotating the capillary tube. Blood will flow into the tube via capillary action.
Step 3.2.1 of the Protocol was updated from:
Dissect the chest wall to expose the heart, cut open the right atrium, and infuse saline into the left ventricle by an intravenous infusion needle attached to a 20 mL syringe until the tissue turns white.
to
Humanely euthanize the animal according to the institutional policies. Then, dissect the chest wall to expose the heart, cut open the right atrium, and infuse saline into the left ventricle by an intravenous infusion needle attached to a 20 mL syringe until the tissue turns white.

An erratum was issued for:&#160;<a href="https://www.jove.com/t/64609">Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model</a>. The Protocol section was updated.

Erratum: Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

La thyroïdite de Hashimoto (HT), également connue sous le nom de thyroïdite lymphoïde chronique ou thyroïdite auto-immune, a été signalée pour la première fois en 19121. L’HT se caractérise par une infiltration lymphocytaire et des lésions du tissu folliculaire thyroïdien. Les tests de laboratoire se manifestent principalement par une augmentation des anticorps spécifiques de la thyroïde, y compris les anticorps anti-thyroglobuline (TgAb) et les anticorps anti-peroxydase thyroïdienne (TPOAb)2. L’incidence de l’HT est comprise entre 0,4% et 1,5%, ce qui représente 20% à 25% de toutes les maladies thyroïdiennes, et cette valeur a augmenté ces dernières années3. De plus, un grand nombre d’études ont rapporté que l’HT est associée à l’oncogenèse et à la récurrence du carcinome papillaire de la thyroïde (CTP)4,5; Les mécanismes potentiels sont encore controversés. La thyroïdite auto-immune est également un facteur important dans l’infertilité féminine6. Par conséquent, la pathogenèse de l’HT doit être claire, pour laquelle un modèle animal stable et simple est essentiel.
Pour étudier l’étiologie de l’HT, deux principaux types de modèles murins ont été utilisés, y compris la thyroïdite auto-immune expérimentale (EAT) et la thyroïdite auto-immune spontanée (SAT) dans les présentes études 7,8. Les souris sensibles ont été immunisées avec des antigènes thyroïdiens spécifiques (y compris la thyroïde brute, la thyroglobuline purifiée [TG], la peroxydase thyroïdienne [TPO], l’ectodomaine TPO recombinant et certains peptides TPO) pour établir le modèle murin EAT. En outre, les adjuvants, y compris le lipopolysaccharide (LPS), l’adjuvant complet de Freund (CFA) et d’autres adjuvants inhabituels, sont également utilisés pendant la vaccination pour briser la tolérance immunitaire 9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17.
Le modèle SAT est un modèle important pour étudier le développement spontané de la thyroïdite auto-immune, qui est basé sur la NOD. Souris H-2h4. Le hochement de tête. La souris H-2h4 est une nouvelle souche obtenue à partir du croisement de NOD et B10. Souris A(4R), suivies de multiples rétrocroisements vers NOD, avec le gène de susceptibilité à la thyroïdite auto-immune IAk18,19. HOCHER. Les souris H-2h4 ne développent pas de diabète, mais ont une incidence élevée de thyroïdite auto-immune et de syndrome de Sjögren (SS)19. Des études ont montré que la molécule d’adhésion intracellulaire-1 (ICAM-1) est fortement exprimée dans le tissu thyroïdien de NOD. Souris H-2h4 à l’âge de 3-4 semaines. De plus, avec l’augmentation de l’apport en iode, l’immunogénicité de la molécule de thyroglobuline est renforcée, ce qui régule davantage l’expression de l’ICAM-1, qui joue un rôle important dans le processus d’infiltration des monocytes21. Ce modèle simule le processus auto-immun tout en vérifiant la relation entre la dose d’iode et la gravité de la maladie. La méthode établie est stable, avec une forte probabilité de succès. Le modèle SAT a été appliqué pour induire la thyroïdite auto-immune pendant de nombreuses années et continue d’être une méthode efficace pour étudier la pathogenèse de la thyroïdite auto-immune. Cependant, la méthode de construction actuelle du modèle EAT est plus compliquée et coûteuse; Différents laboratoires utilisent différentes méthodes d’immunisation et différents sites d’injection. En outre, les souris ayant des antécédents génétiques différents ont des taux d’induction différents, qui nécessitent une étude plus approfondie pour révéler le mécanisme puissant.
Cependant, le développement de la thyroïdite dans le modèle SAT est associé à l’iodure de sodium, au dimorphisme sexuel et aux conditions d’élevage. Pour révéler la procédure appropriée de thyroïdite auto-immune dans le modèle SAT, cet article a décrit la méthode d’induction de la thyroïdite auto-immune dans différentes conditions. En outre, il permet l’étude de la pathogenèse et du progrès immunologique de la thyroïdite auto-immune à différents stades de cette maladie.

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	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Butorphanol tartrate</td>
			<td>Supelco</td>
			<td>L-044&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>145108-58-3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) well</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M9410-1CS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol</td>
			<td>macklin</td>
			<td>64-17-5&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Freund&#8217;s Adjuvant, Complete&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>F5881&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Freund&#8217;s Adjuvant, Incomplete&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>F5506</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat anti-Mouse IgG&#160;</td>
			<td>invitrogen</td>
			<td>SA5-10275&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Midazolam solution&#160;</td>
			<td>Supelco</td>
			<td>M-908&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse/rat thyroxine (T4) ELISA</td>
			<td>Calbiotech</td>
			<td>DKO045</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>macklin</td>
			<td>30525-89-4&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Propidium iodide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P4864</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Iodine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td>7681-82-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thyroglobulin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td>T1126</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thyroglobulin&#160; ELISA Kit</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>EHTGX5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TSH ELISA</td>
			<td>Calbiotech</td>
			<td>DKO200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylene</td>
			<td>macklin</td>
			<td>1330-20-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

generation of a mouse spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis model

Ces dernières années, la thyroïdite de Hashimoto (HT) est devenue la maladie thyroïdienne auto-immune la plus courante. Elle se caractérise par une infiltration lymphocytaire et la détection d’autoanticorps sériques spécifiques. Bien que le mécanisme potentiel ne soit pas encore clair, le risque de thyroïdite de Hashimoto est lié à des facteurs génétiques et environnementaux. À l’heure actuelle, il existe plusieurs types de modèles de thyroïdite auto-immune, y compris la thyroïdite auto-immune expérimentale (EAT) et la thyroïdite auto-immune spontanée (SAT).
L’EAT chez la souris est un modèle courant pour l’HT, qui est immunisée avec un lipopolysaccharide (LPS) combiné à la thyroglobuline (Tg) ou complété par un adjuvant complet de Freund (CFA). Le modèle de souris EAT est largement établi chez de nombreux types de souris. Cependant, la progression de la maladie est plus probablement associée à la réponse des anticorps Tg, qui peut varier selon les expériences.
SAT est également largement utilisé dans l’étude de l’HT dans le NOD. Souris H-2h4. Le hochement de tête. La souris H2h4 est une nouvelle souche obtenue à partir du croisement de la souris diabétique non obèse (NOD) avec la B10. A(4R), qui est significativement induit pour l’HT avec ou sans iode alimentaire. Pendant l’induction, le NOD. La souris H-2h4 a un taux élevé de TgAb accompagné d’une infiltration lymphocytaire dans le tissu folliculaire thyroïdien. Cependant, pour ce type de modèle murin, il existe peu d’études permettant d’évaluer de manière exhaustive le processus pathologique lors de l’induction de l’iode.
Un modèle murin SAT pour la recherche sur l’HT est établi dans cette étude, et le processus de changement pathologique est évalué après une longue période d’induction d’iode. Grâce à ce modèle, les chercheurs peuvent mieux comprendre le développement pathologique de l’HT et examiner de nouvelles méthodes de traitement de l’HT.

Les changements histologiques étaient remarquablement différents chez les femmes et les hommes, la durée de l’apport en iode et la solution de NaI. Comme le montre la figure 1, ~10% de NOD. Les souris H-2h4 ont développé SAT même sans induction d’iode à l’âge de 24 semaines, et toutes les souris ont finalement développé une thyroïdite. Lorsqu’on leur donnait de l’eau régulière, il n’y avait pas de différence significative dans les changements histologiques entre les...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model at JoVE.com

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Plusieurs types de modèles animaux de la thyroïdite de Hashimoto ont été établis, tout comme la thyroïdite auto-immune spontanée chez la souris NOD. Les souris H-2h4 sont un modèle simple et fiable pour l’induction HT. Cet article décrit cette approche et évalue le processus pathologique pour une meilleure compréhension du modèle murin SAT.

Génération d’un modèle de thyroïdite auto-immune spontanée chez la souris

In recent years, Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) has become the most common autoimmune thyroid disease. It is characterized by lymphocyte infiltration and ...

Thyroïdite auto-immune, résultat d’une maladie qui affecte gravement la santé humaine. Bien qu’il n’existe actuellement aucun traitement efficace, les modèles animaux fournissent une plate-forme pour étudier cette maladie. Ce modèle est facile à construire avec des étapes simples et un taux de réussite élevé.Il stimule le processus auto-immun en vérifiant la relation entre notre mort et la gravité de la maladie. Pour commencer, fixez la souris sur la table de dissection avec des broches. Pour préparer l’échantillon de tissu thyroïdien, disséquez la paroi thoracique et exposez le cœur.Coupez l’oreillette droite et injectez une solution saline par voie intraveineuse dans le ventricule gauche, à l’aide d’une seringue de 20 millilitres jusqu’à ce que le tissu devienne blanc. Stérilisez le cou avec de l’éthanol à 75%. À l’aide de ciseaux à tissu, coupez la peau de souris le long du cou, de la ligne médiane du haut du sternum à la mandibule, pour exposer complètement le tissu du cou.Localisez les glandes sous-maxillaires et le muscle de la trachée antérieure et séparez-les à l’aide de ciseaux ophtalmiques et de forceps. Une fois que la trachée et le cartilage thyroïdien sont exposés, retirez le tissu sous le cartilage à l’aide d’une pince incurvée. Après avoir ramassé le cartilage et la trachée, coupez le cristallin distal du cartilage et le cristallin proximal de la trachée.Ensuite, retirez la glande thyroïde et la trachée. La coloration HE a montré des changements pathologiques dans la glande thyroïde, sous l’apport en iode. Toutes les souris ont développé une thyroïdite, même sans induction d’iode.Cependant, le développement accéléré de la thyroïdite a été observé avec l’augmentation de la concentration d’iodure de sodium. Les souris femelles ont tendance à développer une thyroïdite plus sévère que les mâles dans la même condition, mais les différences dans la gravité de l’infiltration lymphocytaire étaient négligeables. Les taux d’anticorps anti-thyroglobuline n’ont pas augmenté de façon significative dans l’eau ordinaire à l’âge de 16 semaines.Considérant que, la supplémentation en iodure de sodium a montré une augmentation comparable des niveaux d’anticorps chez les souris mâles et femelles. Les anticorps de la peroxydase thyroïdienne ont été trouvés à 24 semaines dans l’eau ordinaire; et les souris femelles ont montré des niveaux plus élevés que les mâles à 72 semaines. Cependant, l’édition d’iodure de sodium à 0,05% a montré les anticorps les plus élevés à 64 semaines.De plus, les taux de TSH étaient plus élevés chez les souris mâles que chez les souris femelles NODH2 H4, avec ou sans supplémentation en iodure. En outre, les niveaux de T4 ont montré une tendance à la diminution du temps d’induction dans l’eau iodée. Il est à noter que 0,05% de sodium à la concentration la plus appropriée pour réduire le modèle de sel.En outre, plus de précautions doivent être prises lors de l’isolement des spécimens. Parce que la cellule de la souris est relativement petite et facilement endommagée. L’établissement du modèle animal est utile pour l’étude du génocide de la voie et le traitement du statut cellulaire auto-immun.Et fournit une base pour le développement d’une nouvelle méthode de traitement.

generation-of-a-mouse-spontaneous-autoimmune-thyroiditis-model

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis

Autoimmune hypophysitis is a chronic inflammation of the pituitary gland caused or accompanied by autoimmunity1. It has traditionally been considered a rare disease but reporting has increased markedly in recent years. Hypophysitis, in fact, develops not uncommonly as a "side effect" in cancer patients treated with antibodies that block inhibitory receptors expressed on T lymphocytes, such as CTLA-42 and PD-1 receptors. Autoimmune hypophysitis can be induced experimentally by injecting mice with pituitary proteins mixed with an adjuvant3. In this video article we demonstrate how to extract proteins from mouse pituitary glands and how to prepare them in a form suitable for inducing autoimmune hypophysitis in SJL mice.

Autoimmune hypophysitis can be reproduced in mice by injecting an extract of mouse pituitary proteins.

Préparation de la souris Immunogène hypophysaires pour l&#39;induction de hypophysite auto-immune expérimentale

Autoimmune hypophysitis is a chronic inflammation of the pituitary gland caused or accompanied by autoimmunity1.  It has traditionally been considered a ...

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Immunologie et infection

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis in SJL Mice

Autoimmune hypophysitis can be reproduced experimentally by the injection of pituitary proteins mixed with an adjuvant into susceptible mice1. Mouse models allow us to study how diseases unfold, often providing a good replica of the same processes occurring in humans. For some autoimmune diseases, like type 1A diabetes, there are models (the NOD mouse) that spontaneously develop a disease similar to the human counterpart. For many other autoimmune diseases, however, the model needs to be induced experimentally. A common approach in this regard is to inject the mouse with a dominant antigen derived from the organ being studied. For example, investigators interested in autoimmune thyroiditis inject mice with thyroglobulin2, and those interested in myasthenia gravis inject them with the acetylcholine receptor3. If the autoantigen for a particular autoimmune disease is not known, investigators inject a crude protein extract from the organ targeted by the autoimmune reaction. For autoimmune hypophysitis, the pathogenic autoantigen(s) remain to be identified4, and thus a crude pituitary protein preparation is used. In this video article we demonstrate how to induce experimental autoimmune hypophysitis in SJL mice.

This video shows how to induce autoimmune hypophysitis in SJL mice and how to assess its severity by histopathology.

L&#39;induction de hypophysite auto-immune expérimentale chez la souris SJL

Autoimmune hypophysitis can be reproduced experimentally by the injection of pituitary proteins mixed with an adjuvant into susceptible mice1. Mouse ...

Parasite Induced Genetically Driven Autoimmune Chagas Heart Disease in the Chicken Model

The Trypanosoma cruzi acute infections acquired in infancy and childhood seem asymptomatic, but approximately one third of the chronically infected cases show Chagas disease up to three decades or later. Autoimmunity and parasite persistence are competing theories to explain the pathogenesis of Chagas disease 1, 2. To separate roles played by parasite persistence and autoimmunity in Chagas disease we inoculate the T. cruzi in the air chamber of fertilized eggs. The mature chicken immune system is a tight biological barrier against T. cruzi and the infection is eradicated upon development of its immune system by the end of the first week of growth 3. The chicks are parasite-free at hatching, but they retain integrated parasite mitochondrial kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) minicircle within their genome that are transferred to their progeny. Documentation of the kDNA minicircle integration in the chicken genome was obtained by a targeted prime TAIL-PCR, Southern hybridizations, cloning, and sequencing 3, 4. The kDNA minicircle integrations rupture open reading frames for transcription and immune system factors, phosphatase (GTPase), adenylate cyclase and phosphorylases (PKC, NF-Kappa B activator, PI-3K) associated with cell physiology, growth, and differentiation 3, 5-7, and other gene functions. Severe myocarditis due to rejection of target heart fibers by effectors cytotoxic lymphocytes is seen in the kDNA mutated chickens, showing an inflammatory cardiomyopathy similar to that seen in human Chagas disease. Notably, heart failure and skeletal muscle weakness are present in adult chickens with kDNA rupture of the dystrophin gene in chromosome 1 8. Similar genotipic alterations are associated with tissue destruction carried out by effectors CD45+, CD8&gamma;&delta;+, CD8&alpha; lymphocytes. Thus this protozoan infection can induce genetically driven autoimmune disease.

The inoculation of Trypanosoma cruzi in fertile eggs prior to incubation renders the parasite kDNA minicircle integration in embryo cells genome. Crossbreeding reveals the vertical transfer of the mutations to progeny. The kDNA integrates into coding regions at several chromosomes and the chickens die with an inflammatory autoimmune heart disease.

Parasite induite génétiquement Driven maladies auto-immunes coeur de Chagas dans le modèle de poulet

The Trypanosoma cruzi acute infections acquired in infancy and childhood seem asymptomatic, but approximately one third of the chronically infected cases ...

Isolation of Infiltrating Leukocytes from Mouse Skin Using Enzymatic Digest and Gradient Separation

Dissociating murine skin into a single cell suspension is essential for downstream cellular analysis such as the characterization of infiltrating immune cells in rodent models of skin inflammation. Here, we describe a protocol for the digestion of mouse skin in a nutrient-rich solution with collagenase D, followed by separation of hematopoietic cells using a discontinuous density gradient. Cells thus obtained can be used for in vitro studies, in vivo transfer, and other downstream cellular and molecular analyses including flow cytometry. This protocol is an effective and economical alternative to expensive mechanical dissociators, specialized separation columns, and harsher trypsin- and dispase-based digestion methods, which may compromise cellular viability or density of surface proteins relevant for phenotypic characterization or cellular function. As shown here in our representative data, this protocol produced highly viable cells, contained specific immune cell subsets, and had no effect on integrity of common surface marker proteins used in flow cytometric analysis.

This protocol describes enzymatic digestion of mouse skin in nutrient-rich medium followed by gradient separation to isolate leukocytes. Cells thus derived can be used for diverse downstream applications. This is an effective, economical, and improved alternative to tissue dissociation machines and harsher trypsin and dispase-based tissue digestion protocols.

Isolement de leucocytes infiltrant de la peau de souris Utilisation de digestion enzymatique et séparation par gradient

Dissociating murine skin into a single cell suspension is essential for downstream cellular analysis such as the characterization of infiltrating immune ...

Generation and Identification of GM-CSF Derived Alveolar-like Macrophages and Dendritic Cells From Mouse Bone Marrow

Macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are innate immune cells found in tissues and lymphoid organs that play a key role in the defense against pathogens. However, they are difficult to isolate in sufficient numbers to study them in detail, therefore, in vitro models have been developed. In vitro cultures of bone marrow-derived macrophages and dendritic cells are well-established and valuable methods for immunological studies. Here, a method for culturing and identifying both DCs and macrophages from a single culture of primary mouse bone marrow cells using the cytokine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is described. This protocol is based on the established procedure first developed by Lutz et al. in 1999 for bone marrow-derived DCs. The culture is heterogeneous, and MHCII and fluoresceinated hyaluronan (FL-HA) are used to distinguish macrophages from immature and mature DCs. These GM-CSF derived macrophages provide a convenient source of in vitro derived macrophages that closely resemble alveolar macrophages in both phenotype and function.

Bone marrow cells cultured with granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) generate a heterogeneous culture containing macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). This method highlights using MHCII and hyaluronan (HA) binding to differentiate macrophages from the DCs in the GM-CSF culture. Macrophages in this culture have many similarities to alveolar macrophages.

Génération et identification de GM-CSF dérivé alvéolaires comme Macrophages et cellules dendritiques à partir de moelle osseuse de souris

Macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are innate immune cells found in tissues and lymphoid organs that play a key role in the defense against pathogens. ...

Simple and Efficient Production and Purification of Mouse Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein for Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Studies

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), thought to occur as a result of autoimmune responses targeting myelin. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most common animal model of CNS autoimmune disease, and is typically induced via immunization with short peptides representing immunodominant CD4+ T cell epitopes of myelin proteins. However, B cells recognize unprocessed protein directly, and immunization with short peptide does not activate B cells that recognize the native protein. As recent clinical trials of B cell-depleting therapies in MS have suggested a role for B cells in driving disease in humans, there is an urgent need for animal models that incorporate B cell-recognition of autoantigen. To this end, we have generated a new fusion protein containing the extracellular domain of the mouse version of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) as well as N-terminal fusions of a His-tag for purification purposes and the thioredoxin protein to improve solubility (MOGtag). A tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease cleavage site was incorporated to allow the removal of all tag sequences, leaving only the pure MOG1-125 extracellular domain. Here, we describe a simple protocol using only standard laboratory equipment to produce large quantities of pure MOGtag or MOG1-125. This protocol consistently generates over 200 mg of MOGtag protein. Immunization with either MOGtag or MOG1-125 generates an autoimmune response that includes pathogenic B cells that recognize the native mouse MOG.

We describe a simple protocol using only basic lab equipment to generate and purify large quantities of a fusion protein that contains mouse Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein. This protein can be used to induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis driven by both T and B cells.

Production et purification de souris myéline oligodendrocyte glycoprotéine simple et efficace pour auto-immune expérimentale encéphalomyélite études

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), thought to occur as a result of autoimmune responses ...

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming enteric pathogen that is associated with increasing morbidity and mortality and consequently poses an urgent threat to public health. Recurrence of a C. difficile infection (CDI) after successful treatment with antibiotics is high, occurring in 20-30% of patients, thus necessitating the discovery of novel therapeutics against this pathogen. Current animal models of CDI result in high mortality rates and thus do not approximate the chronic, insidious disease manifestations seen in humans with CDI. To evaluate therapeutics against C. difficile, a mouse model approximating human disease utilizing a clinically-relevant strain is needed. This protocol outlines the cefoperazone mouse model of CDI using a clinically-relevant and genetically-tractable strain, R20291. Techniques for clinical disease monitoring, C. difficile bacterial enumeration, toxin cytotoxicity, and histopathological changes throughout CDI in a mouse model are detailed in the protocol. Compared to other mouse models of CDI, this model is not uniformly lethal at the dose administered, allowing for the observation of a prolonged clinical course of infection concordant with the human disease. Therefore, this cefoperazone mouse model of CDI proves a valuable experimental platform to assess the effects of novel therapeutics on the amelioration of clinical disease and on the restoration of colonization resistance against C. difficile.

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

This protocol outlines the cefoperazone mouse model of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) using a clinically-relevant and genetically-tractable strain, R20291. Emphasis on clinical disease monitoring, C. difficile bacterial enumeration, toxin cytotoxicity, and histopathological changes throughout CDI in a mouse model are detailed in the protocol.

Céfopérazone traité Souris Modèle de Cliniquement pertinentes<em&gt; Clostridium difficile</em&gt; Strain R20291

Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming enteric pathogen that is associated with increasing morbidity and mortality and ...

A Chronic Autoimmune Dry Eye Rat Model with Increase in Effector Memory T Cells in Eyeball Tissue

Dry eye disease is a very common condition that causes morbidity and healthcare burden and decreases the quality of life. There is a need for a suitable dry eye animal model to test novel therapeutics to treat autoimmune dry eye conditions. This protocol describes a chronic autoimmune dry eye rat model. Lewis rats were immunized with an emulsion containing lacrimal gland extract, ovalbumin, and complete Freund&#39;s adjuvant. A second immunization with the same antigens in incomplete Freund&#39;s adjuvant was administered two weeks later. These immunizations were administered subcutaneously at the base of the tail. To boost the immune response at the ocular surface and lacrimal glands, lacrimal gland extract and ovalbumin were injected into the forniceal subconjunctiva and lacrimal glands 6 weeks after the first immunization. The rats developed dry eye features, including reduced tear production, decreased tear stability, and increased corneal damage. Immune profiling by flow cytometry showed a preponderance of CD3+ effector memory T cells in the eyeball.

This report describes a method to induce chronic experimental autoimmune dry eye in Lewis rats through immunization with an emulsion of rat lacrimal gland extract, ovalbumin, and complete Freund's adjuvant, followed by the injection of lacrimal gland extract and ovalbumin into the forniceal subconjunctiva and lacrimal glands six weeks later.

Un modèle chronique auto-immune de rat à oeil sec avec augmentation de la cellule Effect Memory T dans le tissu Eyeball

Dry eye disease is a very common condition that causes morbidity and healthcare burden and decreases the quality of life. There is a need for a suitable ...

Influenza A Virus Studies in a Mouse Model of Infection

Influenza viruses cause over 500,000 deaths worldwide1 and are associated with an annual cost of 12 - 14 billion USD in the United States alone considering direct medical and hospitalization expenses and work absenteeism2. Animal models are crucial in Influenza A virus (IAV) studies to evaluate viral pathogenesis, host-pathogen interactions, immune responses, and the efficacy of current and/or novel vaccine approaches as well as antivirals. Mice are an advantageous small animal model because their immune system is evolutionarily similar to that found in humans, they are available from commercial vendors as genetically identical subjects, there are multiple strains that can be exploited to evaluate the genetic basis of infections, and they are relatively inexpensive and easy to manipulate. To recapitulate IAV infection in humans via the airways, mice are first anesthetized prior to intranasal inoculation with infectious IAVs under proper biosafety containment. After infection, the pathogenesis of IAVs is determined by monitoring daily the morbidity (body weight loss) and mortality (survival) rate. In addition, viral pathogenesis can also be evaluated by assessing virus replication in the upper (nasal mucosa) or lower (lungs) respiratory tract of infected mice. Humoral responses upon IAV infection can be rapidly evaluated by non-invasive bleeding and secondary antibody detection assays aimed at detecting the presence of total or neutralizing antibodies. Here, we describe the common methods used to infect mice intranasally (i.n) with IAV and evaluate pathogenesis, humoral immune responses and protection efficacy.

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are important human respiratory pathogens. To understand the pathogenicity of IAVs and to perform preclinical testing of novel vaccine approaches, animal models mimicking human physiology are required. Here, we describe techniques to evaluate IAV pathogenesis, humoral responses and vaccine efficacy using a mouse model of infection.

Études de Virus influenza de type A dans un modèle murin d’Infection

Influenza viruses cause over 500,000 deaths worldwide1 and are associated with an annual cost of 12 - 14 billion USD in the United States alone ...

A Controlled Mouse Model for Neonatal Polymicrobial Sepsis

Neonatal sepsis remains a global burden. A preclinical model to screen effective prophylactic or therapeutic interventions is needed. Neonatal mouse polymicrobial sepsis can be induced by injecting cecal slurry intraperitoneally into day of life 7 mice and monitoring them for the following week. Presented here are the detailed steps necessary for the implementation of this neonatal sepsis model. This includes making a homogeneous cecal slurry stock, diluting it to a weight- and litter-adjusted dose, an outline of the monitoring schedule, and a definition of observed health categories used to define humane endpoints. The generation of a homogeneous cecal slurry stock from pooled donors allows for the administration into many litters over time, reducing the variation between donors, and preventing the use of potentially toxic glycerol. The monitoring strategy used allows for the anticipation of survival outcome and the identification of mice that would later progress to death, allowing for an earlier identification of the humane endpoint. Two main behavioral features are used to define the health scores, namely, the ability of the neonatal mice to right themselves when placed on their back and their level of mobility. These criteria could potentially be applied to address humane endpoints in other studies of neonatal disease in mice, as long as a pilot study is performed to confirm accuracy. In conclusion, this approach provides a standardized method to model newborn sepsis in mice, while providing resources to assess animal welfare used to define early humane endpoints for challenged animals.

This protocol provides the necessary steps to establish and evaluate neonatal sepsis in 7-day-old mice.

Un modèle de souris contrôlée pour infection polymicrobienne néonatale

Neonatal sepsis remains a global burden. A preclinical model to screen effective prophylactic or therapeutic interventions is needed. Neonatal mouse ...