Name: generation of a mouse spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis model
Uploaded: 2023-03-17T14:05:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model at JoVE.com

ヒトTPOに対するマウスモノクローナル抗体(陽性対照として使用)は、P. Carayon博士およびJ. Ruf博士(フランス、マルセイユ)によって提供された。著者は、この研究のすべての参加者と私たちの研究チームのメンバーに感謝します。この研究の一部は、中国四川大学西中国病院のポスドク維持基金(2020HXBH057)および四川省科学技術支援プログラム(プロジェクト番号2021YFS0166)からの助成金によって支援されました

以下に説明するプロトコルは、四川大学の施設動物管理使用委員会によって確立された管理および使用ガイドラインによって承認されました。
1. 事前準備
<ol><li>すべてのマウスを特定の病原体のない状態で12時間の明暗サイクル(それぞれ07:00 a.m.と07:00 p.m.に開始)で飼育します。室温を22°Cに保ちます。 寝具の素材は毎週交換してください。十分な量の標準?...

<ol>
	<li>Ralli, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hashimoto's+thyroiditis:+An+update+on+pathogenic+mechanisms,+diagnostic+protocols,+therapeutic+strategies,+and+potential+malignant+transformation.">Hashimoto's thyroiditis: An update on pathogenic mechanisms, diagnostic protocols, therapeutic strategies, and potential malignant transformation.</a> Autoimmunity Reviews. 19 (10), 102649 (2020).</li><li>Zhang, Q. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lymphocyte+infiltration+and+thyrocyte+destruction+are+driven+by+stromal+and+immune+cell+components+in+Hashimoto's+thyroiditis.">Lymphocyte infiltration and thyrocyte destruction are driven by stromal and immune cell components in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.</a> Nature Communications. 13 (1), 775 (2022).</li><li>Ruggeri, R. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Autoimmune+comorbidities+in+Hashimoto's+thyroiditis:+different+patterns+of+association+in+adulthood+and+childhood/adolescence.">Autoimmune comorbidities in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: different patterns of association in adulthood and childhood/adolescence.</a> European Journal of Endocrinology. 176 (2), 133-141 (2017).</li><li>Resende de Paiva, C., Gr&#248;nh&#248;j, C., Feldt-Rasmussen, U., von Buchwald, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Association+between+Hashimoto's+thyroiditis+and+thyroid+cancer+in+64,628+patients.">Association between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and thyroid cancer in 64,628 patients.</a> Frontiers in Oncology. 7, 53 (2017).</li><li>Ehlers, M., Schott, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hashimoto's+thyroiditis+and+papillary+thyroid+cancer:+are+they+immunologically+linked.">Hashimoto's thyroiditis and papillary thyroid cancer: are they immunologically linked.</a> Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism. 25 (12), 656-664 (2014).</li><li>Medenica, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+cell+and+gene+therapies+in+the+treatment+of+infertility+in+patients+with+thyroid+autoimmunity.">The role of cell and gene therapies in the treatment of infertility in patients with thyroid autoimmunity.</a> International Journal of Endocrinology. 2022, 4842316 (2022).</li><li>Rose, N. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+genetics+of+autoimmune+thyroiditis:+the+first+decade.">The genetics of autoimmune thyroiditis: the first decade.</a> Journal of Autoimmunity. 37 (2), 88-94 (2011).</li><li>Kolypetri, P., King, J., Larijani, M., Carayanniotis, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genes+and+environment+as+predisposing+factors+in+autoimmunity:+acceleration+of+spontaneous+thyroiditis+by+dietary+iodide+in+NOD.H2(h4)+mice.">Genes and environment as predisposing factors in autoimmunity: acceleration of spontaneous thyroiditis by dietary iodide in NOD.H2(h4) mice.</a> International Reviews of Immunology. 34 (6), 542-556 (2015).</li><li>Terplan, K. L., Witebsky, E., Rose, N. R., Paine, J. R., Egan, R. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+thyroiditis+in+rabbits,+guinea+pigs+and+dogs,+following+immunization+with+thyroid+extracts+of+their+own+and+of+heterologous+species.">Experimental thyroiditis in rabbits, guinea pigs and dogs, following immunization with thyroid extracts of their own and of heterologous species.</a> The American Journal of Pathology. 36 (2), 213-239 (1960).</li><li>Alexopoulos, H., Dalakas, M. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+immunobiology+of+autoimmune+encephalitides.">The immunobiology of autoimmune encephalitides.</a> Journal of Autoimmunity. 104, 102339 (2019).</li><li>Noviello, C. M., Kreye, J., Teng, J., Pr&#252;ss, H., Hibbs, R. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structural+mechanisms+of+GABA+receptor+autoimmune+encephalitis.">Structural mechanisms of GABA receptor autoimmune encephalitis.</a> Cell. 185 (14), 2469-2477 (2022).</li><li>Pudifin, D. J., Duursma, J., Brain, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+autoimmune+thyroiditis+in+the+vervet+monkey.">Experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in the vervet monkey.</a> Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 29 (2), 256-260 (1977).</li><li>Esquivel, P. S., Rose, N. R., Kong, Y. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+autoimmunity+in+good+and+poor+responder+mice+with+mouse+thyroglobulin+and+lipopolysaccharide.">Induction of autoimmunity in good and poor responder mice with mouse thyroglobulin and lipopolysaccharide.</a> The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 145 (5), 1250-1263 (1977).</li><li>Kong, Y. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=HLA-DRB1+polymorphism+determines+susceptibility+to+autoimmune+thyroiditis+in+transgenic+mice:+definitive+association+with+HLA-DRB1*0301+(DR3)+gene.">HLA-DRB1 polymorphism determines susceptibility to autoimmune thyroiditis in transgenic mice: definitive association with HLA-DRB1*0301 (DR3) gene.</a> The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 184 (3), 1167-1172 (1996).</li><li>Kotani, T., Umeki, K., Hirai, K., Ohtakia, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+murine+thyroiditis+induced+by+porcine+thyroid+peroxidase+and+its+transfer+by+the+antigen-specific+T+cell+line.">Experimental murine thyroiditis induced by porcine thyroid peroxidase and its transfer by the antigen-specific T cell line.</a> Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 80 (1), 11-18 (1990).</li><li>Ng, H. P., Banga, J. P., Kung, A. W. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+a+murine+model+of+autoimmune+thyroiditis+induced+with+homologous+mouse+thyroid+peroxidase.">Development of a murine model of autoimmune thyroiditis induced with homologous mouse thyroid peroxidase.</a> Endocrinology. 145 (2), 809-816 (2004).</li><li>Ng, H. P., Kung, A. W. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+autoimmune+thyroiditis+and+hypothyroidism+by+immunization+of+immunoactive+T+cell+epitope+of+thyroid+peroxidase.">Induction of autoimmune thyroiditis and hypothyroidism by immunization of immunoactive T cell epitope of thyroid peroxidase.</a> Endocrinology. 147 (6), 3085-3092 (2006).</li><li>Ellis, J. S., Braley-Mullen, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanisms+by+which+B+cells+and+regulatory+T+Cells+influence+development+of+murine+organ-specific+autoimmune+diseases.">Mechanisms by which B cells and regulatory T Cells influence development of murine organ-specific autoimmune diseases.</a> Journal of Clinical Medicine. 6 (2), 13 (2017).</li><li>Fang, Y., Yu, S., Braley-Mullen, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Contrasting+roles+of+IFN-gamma+in+murine+models+of+autoimmune+thyroid+diseases.">Contrasting roles of IFN-gamma in murine models of autoimmune thyroid diseases.</a> Thyroid. 17 (10), 989-994 (2007).</li><li>Fang, Y., Zhao, L., Yan, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemokines+as+novel+therapeutic+targets+in+autoimmune+thyroiditis.">Chemokines as novel therapeutic targets in autoimmune thyroiditis.</a> Recent Patents on DNA &amp; Gene Sequences. 4 (1), 52-57 (2010).</li><li>Chen, C. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antibodies+to+thyroid+peroxidase+arise+spontaneously+with+age+in+NOD.H-2h4+mice+and+appear+after+thyroglobulin+antibodies.">Antibodies to thyroid peroxidase arise spontaneously with age in NOD.H-2h4 mice and appear after thyroglobulin antibodies.</a> Endocrinology. 151 (9), 4583-4593 (2010).</li><li>Ruf, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Relationship+between+immunological+structure+and+biochemical+properties+of+human+thyroid+peroxidase.">Relationship between immunological structure and biochemical properties of human thyroid peroxidase.</a> Endocrinology. 125 (3), 1211-1218 (1989).</li><li>McLachlan, S. M., Aliesky, H. A., Chen, C. R., Chong, G., Rapoport, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Breaking+tolerance+in+transgenic+mice+expressing+the+human+TSH+receptor+A-subunit:+thyroiditis,+epitope+spreading+and+adjuvant+as+a+'double+edged+sword'.">Breaking tolerance in transgenic mice expressing the human TSH receptor A-subunit: thyroiditis, epitope spreading and adjuvant as a 'double edged sword'.</a> PLoS One. 7 (9), e43517 (2012).</li><li>McLachlan, S. M., Aliesky, H. A., Chen, C. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Breaking+tolerance+in+transgenic+mice+expressing+the+human+TSH+receptor+A-subunit:+thyroiditis,+epitope+spreading+and+adjuvant+as+a+'double+edged+sword’[J].">Breaking tolerance in transgenic mice expressing the human TSH receptor A-subunit: thyroiditis, epitope spreading and adjuvant as a 'double edged sword’[J].</a> PLoS One. 7 (9), e43517 (2012).</li><li>Hutchings, P. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Both+CD4(+)+T+cells+and+CD8(+)+T+cells+are+required+for+iodine+accelerated+thyroiditis+in+NOD+mice.">Both CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells are required for iodine accelerated thyroiditis in NOD mice.</a> Cellular Immunology. 192 (2), 113-121 (1999).</li><li>Xue, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamic+changes+of+CD4+CD25+++regulatory+T+cells+in+NOD.H-2h4+mice+with+iodine-induced+autoimmune+thyroiditis.">Dynamic changes of CD4+CD25 + regulatory T cells in NOD.H-2h4 mice with iodine-induced autoimmune thyroiditis.</a> Biological Trace Element Research. 143 (1), 292-301 (2011).</li><li>Hou, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+halofuginone+on+the+pathogenesis+of+autoimmune+thyroid+disease+in+different+mice+models.">Effect of halofuginone on the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease in different mice models.</a> Endocrine, Metabolic &amp; Immune Disorders Drug Targets. 17 (2), 141-148 (2017).</li><li>McLachlan, S. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dissociation+between+iodide-induced+thyroiditis+and+antibody-mediated+hyperthyroidism+in+NOD.H-2h4+mice.">Dissociation between iodide-induced thyroiditis and antibody-mediated hyperthyroidism in NOD.H-2h4 mice.</a> Endocrinology. 146 (1), 294-300 (2005).</li><li>Danailova, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nutritional+management+of+thyroiditis+of+hashimoto.">Nutritional management of thyroiditis of hashimoto.</a> International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 23 (9), 5144 (2022).</li><li>Carayanniotis, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+parameters+linking+thyroglobulin+iodination+with+autoimmune+thyroiditis.">Molecular parameters linking thyroglobulin iodination with autoimmune thyroiditis.</a> Hormones. 10 (1), 27-35 (2011).</li><li>Verginis, P., Li, H. S., Carayanniotis, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tolerogenic+semimature+dendritic+cells+suppress+experimental+autoimmune+thyroiditis+by+activation+of+thyroglobulin-specific+CD4+CD25++T+cells.">Tolerogenic semimature dendritic cells suppress experimental autoimmune thyroiditis by activation of thyroglobulin-specific CD4+CD25+ T cells.</a> Journal of Immunology. 174 (11), 7433-7439 (2005).</li><li>Flynn, J. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Superiority+of+thyroid+peroxidase+DNA+over+protein+immunization+in+replicating+human+thyroid+autoimmunity+in+HLA-DRB1*0301+(DR3)+transgenic+mice.">Superiority of thyroid peroxidase DNA over protein immunization in replicating human thyroid autoimmunity in HLA-DRB1*0301 (DR3) transgenic mice.</a> Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 137 (3), 503-512 (2004).</li><li>Akeno, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=IFN-&#945;+mediates+the+development+of+autoimmunity+both+by+direct+tissue+toxicity+and+through+immune+cell+recruitment+mechanisms.">IFN-&#945; mediates the development of autoimmunity both by direct tissue toxicity and through immune cell recruitment mechanisms.</a> Journal of Immunology. 186 (8), 4693-4706 (2011).</li></ol>

HTは、リンパ球が甲状腺に浸潤し、甲状腺機能をさらに損ない、甲状腺特異的抗体を産生することによって引き起こされる自己免疫系障害が原因で発生します。HT患者の血清TSH、TgAb、およびTPOAbレベルは有意に上昇しています27。現在、自己免疫性甲状腺炎の病因を研究するために、EATとSAT29の2種類のマウスモデルが広く使用されています。EATマウスは、主?...

An erratum was issued for:&#160;<a href="https://www.jove.com/t/64609">Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model</a>. The Protocol section was updated.
Step 3.1.1 of the Protocol was updated from:
After the induction, anesthetize the mice with a volume of 0.01 mL/g anesthetic by intraperitoneal injection. Prepare the anesthetic by mixing midazolam (40 &#181;g/100 &#181;L for sedation), medetomidine (7.5 &#181;g/100 &#181;L for sedation), and butorphanol tartrate (50 &#181;g/100 &#181;L for analgesia) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS).
to
After the induction, anesthetize the mice with a volume of 0.01 mL/g anesthetic by intraperitoneal injection. Prepare the anesthetic by mixing midazolam (40 &#181;g/100 &#181;L for sedation), medetomidine (7.5 &#181;g/100 &#181;L for sedation), and butorphanol tartrate (50 &#181;g/100 &#181;L for analgesia) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). 
NOTE: The specific concentrations of each component in the anesthesia mixture are: midazolam 13.33&#181;g/100&#181;L, medetomidine 2.5&#181;g/100&#181;L, and butorphanol 16.7&#181;g/100&#181;L. For specific dosages used in mice, the doses are: midazolam 4&#181;g/g, medetomidine 0.75&#181;g/g, and butorphanol 1.67&#181;g/g.&#160;Anesthesia depth was confirmed when the mouse&#39;s limb muscles relaxed, the whiskers had no touch response, and there was loss of&#160; pedal reflex.
Step 3.1.2 of the Protocol was updated from:
After the mice are anesthetized, cut off their whiskers with ophthalmic scissors to prevent blood from flowing down the whiskers and causing hemolysis. Fix the mouse with one hand and press the skin of the eye to make the eyeball protrude. Quickly remove the eyeball and draw 1 mL of blood into the microcentrifuge tube via a capillary tube.
to
After the mice are anesthetized, prepare the peripheral blood samples, by fixing the mouse with one hand and pressing the eye skin to protrude the eyeball. Then, insert the capillary tube into the inner corner of the eye and penetrate at a 30-45 degree angle to the plane of the nostril. Apply pressure while gently rotating the capillary tube. Blood will flow into the tube via capillary action.
Step 3.2.1 of the Protocol was updated from:
Dissect the chest wall to expose the heart, cut open the right atrium, and infuse saline into the left ventricle by an intravenous infusion needle attached to a 20 mL syringe until the tissue turns white.
to
Humanely euthanize the animal according to the institutional policies. Then, dissect the chest wall to expose the heart, cut open the right atrium, and infuse saline into the left ventricle by an intravenous infusion needle attached to a 20 mL syringe until the tissue turns white.

An erratum was issued for:&#160;<a href="https://www.jove.com/t/64609">Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model</a>. The Protocol section was updated.

Erratum: Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

慢性リンパ性甲状腺炎または自己免疫性甲状腺炎としても知られる橋本甲状腺炎(HT)は、1912年に最初に報告されました1。HTは、リンパ球の浸潤と甲状腺濾胞組織の損傷を特徴としています。臨床検査は主に、抗サイログロブリン抗体(TgAb)や抗甲状腺ペルオキシダーゼ抗体(TPOAb)などの甲状腺特異的抗体の増加として現れます2。HTの発生率は0.4%〜1.5%の範囲であり、すべての甲状腺疾患の20%〜25%を占め、この値は近年増加しています3。さらに、HTが甲状腺乳頭癌(PTC)の発癌および再発に関連していることが多くの研究で報告されています4,5;潜在的なメカニズムはまだ物議を醸しています。自己免疫性甲状腺炎も女性の不妊症の重要な要因です6。したがって、HTの病因は明確である必要があり、そのためには安定した単純な動物モデルが不可欠です。
HTの病因を研究するために、実験的自己免疫性甲状腺炎(EAT)と自然自己免疫性甲状腺炎(SAT)を含む2種類のマウスモデルが採用されています7,8。感受性マウスに特異的甲状腺抗原(粗甲状腺、精製サイログロブリン[TG]、甲状腺ペルオキシダーゼ[TPO]、組換えTPOエクトドメイン、および選択されたTPOペプチドを含む)で免疫して、EATマウスモデルを確立しました。さらに、リポ多糖(LPS)、完全フロイントアジュバント(CFA)、および他の珍しいアジュバントを含むアジュバントも、免疫寛容を分解するために免疫中に使用される9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17。
SATモデルは、NODに基づく自己免疫性甲状腺炎の自然発生を研究するための重要なモデルです。H-2H4マウス。うなずく。H-2h4マウスは、NODとB10の交配から得られた新規系統である。A(4R)マウスは、続いてNODへの複数のバッククロスを行い、自己免疫性甲状腺炎感受性遺伝子IAk18、19を用いた。頷く。H-2h4マウスは糖尿病を発症しませんが、自己免疫性甲状腺炎とシェーグレン症候群(SS)の発生率が高い19。研究により、細胞内接着分子-1(ICAM-1)がNODの甲状腺組織で高度に発現していることがわかっています。3〜4週齢のH−2h4マウス。さらに、ヨウ素摂取量の増加に伴い、チログロブリン分子の免疫原性が増強され、単球浸潤の過程において重要な役割を果たすICAM-1の発現がさらにアップレギュレートされる21。このモデルは、ヨウ素の投与量と病気の重症度との関係を検証しながら、自己免疫プロセスをシミュレートします。確立された方法は安定しており、成功の可能性が高いです。SATモデルは、長年にわたって自己免疫性甲状腺炎の誘発に適用されており、自己免疫性甲状腺炎の病因を研究するための効果的な方法であり続けています。ただし、EATモデルの現在の構築方法はより複雑で高価です。異なる検査室は異なる免疫方法と注射部位を使用します。さらに、遺伝的背景が異なるマウスは誘導率が異なるため、強力なメカニズムを明らかにするにはさらなる研究が必要です。
ただし、SATモデルにおける甲状腺炎の発症は、ヨウ化ナトリウム、性的二形性、および飼育条件に関連しています。SATモデルにおける自己免疫性甲状腺炎の適切な手順を明らかにするために、この記事では、さまざまな条件での自己免疫性甲状腺炎の誘発方法について説明しました。さらに、それは、この疾患の異なる段階における自己免疫性甲状腺炎の病因および免疫学的進行の研究を可能にする。

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			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
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			<td>Sigma-Aldrich&#160;</td>
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			<td>Sigma-Aldrich&#160;</td>
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			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
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			<td>Calbiotech</td>
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			<td>Xylene</td>
			<td>macklin</td>
			<td>1330-20-7</td>
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generation of a mouse spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis model

近年、橋本甲状腺炎(HT)が最も一般的な自己免疫性甲状腺疾患となっています。リンパ球の浸潤および特異的血清自己抗体の検出を特徴とする。潜在的なメカニズムはまだ明らかではありませんが、橋本甲状腺炎のリスクは遺伝的および環境的要因に関連しています。現在、実験的自己免疫性甲状腺炎(EAT)や自然自己免疫性甲状腺炎(SAT)など、自己免疫性甲状腺炎のモデルにはいくつかの種類があります。
マウスのEATはHTの一般的なモデルであり、リポ多糖(LPS)とサイログロブリン(Tg)を組み合わせた免疫、または完全なフロイントアジュバント(CFA)を補充します。EATマウスモデルは、多くの種類のマウスで広く確立されています。ただし、疾患の進行はTg抗体応答に関連している可能性が高く、実験によって異なる場合があります。
SATは、NODにおけるHTの研究にも広く使用されています。H-2H4マウス。うなずく。H2h4マウスは、非肥満糖尿病(NOD)マウスとB10との交配から得られた新しい系統である。A(4R)は、ヨウ素の供給の有無にかかわらずHTに対して有意に誘導されます。誘導中、NOD.H-2h4マウスは、甲状腺濾胞組織におけるリンパ球浸潤を伴う高レベルのTgAbを有する。しかし、この種のマウスモデルでは、ヨウ素誘導時の病理学的過程を総合的に評価する研究はほとんどない。
本研究では、HT研究のためのSATマウスモデルを確立し、長期間のヨウ素誘導後に病理学的変化プロセスを評価します。このモデルを通じて、研究者はHTの病理学的発達をよりよく理解し、HTの新しい治療法をスクリーニングすることができます。

組織学的変化は、女性と男性、ヨウ素摂取期間、およびNaIの溶液で著しく異なっていました。 図1に示すように、NODの~10%。H-2h4マウスは24週齢でヨウ素誘導がなくてもSATを発症し、最終的にすべてのマウスが甲状腺炎を発症しました。通常の水を与えた場合、男性と女性の間で組織学的変化に有意差はありませんでした。飲料水にNaIを添加すると、甲状腺炎の発症が加速...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model at JoVE.com

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

橋本甲状腺炎のいくつかのタイプの動物モデルが確立されており、NODマウスの自然発生性自己免疫性甲状腺炎も確立されています。H-2h4マウスは、HT誘導のためのシンプルで信頼性の高いモデルです。この記事では、このアプローチについて説明し、SATマウスモデルをよりよく理解するために病理学的プロセスを評価します。

マウス自然発症自己免疫性甲状腺炎モデルの作製

In recent years, Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) has become the most common autoimmune thyroid disease. It is characterized by lymphocyte infiltration and ...

自己免疫性甲状腺炎、人間の健康に深刻な影響を与える病気の結果。現在、効果的な治療法はありませんが、動物モデルはこの病気を研究するためのプラットフォームを提供します。このモデルは、簡単な手順と高い成功率で簡単に構築できます。それは私たちの死と病気の重症度との関係を検証することで自己免疫プロセスを刺激します。はじめに、ピンで解剖台にマウスを固定します。甲状腺組織サンプルを準備するには、胸壁を解剖し、心臓を露出させます。右心房を切り開き、組織が白くなるまで20ミリリットルの注射器を使用して生理食塩水を左心室に静脈内注射します。75%エタノールで首を滅菌します。ティッシュハサミを使用して、首に沿ってマウスの皮膚を切り取り、胸骨の上部から下顎骨までの正中線を切断し、首の組織を完全に露出させます。顎下腺と前気管筋を見つけ、眼科用ハサミと鉗子を使用してそれらを分離します。気管と甲状軟骨が露出したら、湾曲した鉗子を使用して軟骨の下の組織を取り除きます。軟骨と気管を拾った後、軟骨の遠位レンズと気管の近位レンズを切断します。その後、甲状腺と気管を取り除きます。HE染色は、ヨウ素摂取下で甲状腺の病理学的変化を示した。すべてのマウスは、ヨウ素誘導がなくても甲状腺炎を発症しました。しかしながら、ヨウ化ナトリウム濃度の増加とともに甲状腺炎の発症の加速が観察された。雌マウスは、同じ条件下で雄よりも重度の甲状腺炎を発症する傾向がありますが、リンパ球浸潤の重症度の差はごくわずかでした。サイログロブリン抗体レベルは、16週齢で淡水で有意に増加しませんでした。.一方、ヨウ化ナトリウム補給は、雄と雌のマウスで抗体レベルの上昇を同等に示しました。甲状腺ペルオキシダーゼ抗体は通常の水中で24週目に見出され、雌マウスは72週で雄よりも高いレベルを示した。しかし、0.05%ヨウ化ナトリウム版は64週で最も高い抗体を示しました。さらに、TSHレベルは、ヨウ化物補充の有無にかかわらず、雌のNODH2 H4マウスよりも雄の方が高かった。さらに、T4レベルはヨウ素水中での誘導時間の減少傾向を示した。なお、塩モデルを低減するのに最も適した濃度で0.05%ナトリウムである。また、標本を分離する際には、さらに注意を払う必要があります。マウスの細胞は比較的小さく、損傷しやすいからです。動物モデルの確立は、経路ジェノサイドの研究と自己免疫細胞の状態の治療に役立ちます。そして、新しい治療法の開発の基礎を提供します。

generation-of-a-mouse-spontaneous-autoimmune-thyroiditis-model

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis

Autoimmune hypophysitis is a chronic inflammation of the pituitary gland caused or accompanied by autoimmunity1. It has traditionally been considered a rare disease but reporting has increased markedly in recent years. Hypophysitis, in fact, develops not uncommonly as a "side effect" in cancer patients treated with antibodies that block inhibitory receptors expressed on T lymphocytes, such as CTLA-42 and PD-1 receptors. Autoimmune hypophysitis can be induced experimentally by injecting mice with pituitary proteins mixed with an adjuvant3. In this video article we demonstrate how to extract proteins from mouse pituitary glands and how to prepare them in a form suitable for inducing autoimmune hypophysitis in SJL mice.

Autoimmune hypophysitis can be reproduced in mice by injecting an extract of mouse pituitary proteins.

実験的自己免疫性下垂体炎の誘導のためのマウス下垂体免疫原の調製

Autoimmune hypophysitis is a chronic inflammation of the pituitary gland caused or accompanied by autoimmunity1.  It has traditionally been considered a ...

免疫・感染学

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis in SJL Mice

Autoimmune hypophysitis can be reproduced experimentally by the injection of pituitary proteins mixed with an adjuvant into susceptible mice1. Mouse models allow us to study how diseases unfold, often providing a good replica of the same processes occurring in humans. For some autoimmune diseases, like type 1A diabetes, there are models (the NOD mouse) that spontaneously develop a disease similar to the human counterpart. For many other autoimmune diseases, however, the model needs to be induced experimentally. A common approach in this regard is to inject the mouse with a dominant antigen derived from the organ being studied. For example, investigators interested in autoimmune thyroiditis inject mice with thyroglobulin2, and those interested in myasthenia gravis inject them with the acetylcholine receptor3. If the autoantigen for a particular autoimmune disease is not known, investigators inject a crude protein extract from the organ targeted by the autoimmune reaction. For autoimmune hypophysitis, the pathogenic autoantigen(s) remain to be identified4, and thus a crude pituitary protein preparation is used. In this video article we demonstrate how to induce experimental autoimmune hypophysitis in SJL mice.

This video shows how to induce autoimmune hypophysitis in SJL mice and how to assess its severity by histopathology.

SJLマウスにおける実験的自己免疫性下垂体炎の誘導

Autoimmune hypophysitis can be reproduced experimentally by the injection of pituitary proteins mixed with an adjuvant into susceptible mice1. Mouse ...

Parasite Induced Genetically Driven Autoimmune Chagas Heart Disease in the Chicken Model

The Trypanosoma cruzi acute infections acquired in infancy and childhood seem asymptomatic, but approximately one third of the chronically infected cases show Chagas disease up to three decades or later. Autoimmunity and parasite persistence are competing theories to explain the pathogenesis of Chagas disease 1, 2. To separate roles played by parasite persistence and autoimmunity in Chagas disease we inoculate the T. cruzi in the air chamber of fertilized eggs. The mature chicken immune system is a tight biological barrier against T. cruzi and the infection is eradicated upon development of its immune system by the end of the first week of growth 3. The chicks are parasite-free at hatching, but they retain integrated parasite mitochondrial kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) minicircle within their genome that are transferred to their progeny. Documentation of the kDNA minicircle integration in the chicken genome was obtained by a targeted prime TAIL-PCR, Southern hybridizations, cloning, and sequencing 3, 4. The kDNA minicircle integrations rupture open reading frames for transcription and immune system factors, phosphatase (GTPase), adenylate cyclase and phosphorylases (PKC, NF-Kappa B activator, PI-3K) associated with cell physiology, growth, and differentiation 3, 5-7, and other gene functions. Severe myocarditis due to rejection of target heart fibers by effectors cytotoxic lymphocytes is seen in the kDNA mutated chickens, showing an inflammatory cardiomyopathy similar to that seen in human Chagas disease. Notably, heart failure and skeletal muscle weakness are present in adult chickens with kDNA rupture of the dystrophin gene in chromosome 1 8. Similar genotipic alterations are associated with tissue destruction carried out by effectors CD45+, CD8&gamma;&delta;+, CD8&alpha; lymphocytes. Thus this protozoan infection can induce genetically driven autoimmune disease.

The inoculation of Trypanosoma cruzi in fertile eggs prior to incubation renders the parasite kDNA minicircle integration in embryo cells genome. Crossbreeding reveals the vertical transfer of the mutations to progeny. The kDNA integrates into coding regions at several chromosomes and the chickens die with an inflammatory autoimmune heart disease.

寄生虫は鶏のモデルに遺伝的に駆動される自己免疫性シャーガス心臓病を誘発される

The Trypanosoma cruzi acute infections acquired in infancy and childhood seem asymptomatic, but approximately one third of the chronically infected cases ...

Isolation of Infiltrating Leukocytes from Mouse Skin Using Enzymatic Digest and Gradient Separation

Dissociating murine skin into a single cell suspension is essential for downstream cellular analysis such as the characterization of infiltrating immune cells in rodent models of skin inflammation. Here, we describe a protocol for the digestion of mouse skin in a nutrient-rich solution with collagenase D, followed by separation of hematopoietic cells using a discontinuous density gradient. Cells thus obtained can be used for in vitro studies, in vivo transfer, and other downstream cellular and molecular analyses including flow cytometry. This protocol is an effective and economical alternative to expensive mechanical dissociators, specialized separation columns, and harsher trypsin- and dispase-based digestion methods, which may compromise cellular viability or density of surface proteins relevant for phenotypic characterization or cellular function. As shown here in our representative data, this protocol produced highly viable cells, contained specific immune cell subsets, and had no effect on integrity of common surface marker proteins used in flow cytometric analysis.

This protocol describes enzymatic digestion of mouse skin in nutrient-rich medium followed by gradient separation to isolate leukocytes. Cells thus derived can be used for diverse downstream applications. This is an effective, economical, and improved alternative to tissue dissociation machines and harsher trypsin and dispase-based tissue digestion protocols.

酵素消化および勾配分離を使用したマウス皮膚から浸潤白血球の単離

Dissociating murine skin into a single cell suspension is essential for downstream cellular analysis such as the characterization of infiltrating immune ...

Generation and Identification of GM-CSF Derived Alveolar-like Macrophages and Dendritic Cells From Mouse Bone Marrow

Macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are innate immune cells found in tissues and lymphoid organs that play a key role in the defense against pathogens. However, they are difficult to isolate in sufficient numbers to study them in detail, therefore, in vitro models have been developed. In vitro cultures of bone marrow-derived macrophages and dendritic cells are well-established and valuable methods for immunological studies. Here, a method for culturing and identifying both DCs and macrophages from a single culture of primary mouse bone marrow cells using the cytokine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is described. This protocol is based on the established procedure first developed by Lutz et al. in 1999 for bone marrow-derived DCs. The culture is heterogeneous, and MHCII and fluoresceinated hyaluronan (FL-HA) are used to distinguish macrophages from immature and mature DCs. These GM-CSF derived macrophages provide a convenient source of in vitro derived macrophages that closely resemble alveolar macrophages in both phenotype and function.

Bone marrow cells cultured with granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) generate a heterogeneous culture containing macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). This method highlights using MHCII and hyaluronan (HA) binding to differentiate macrophages from the DCs in the GM-CSF culture. Macrophages in this culture have many similarities to alveolar macrophages.

マウスの骨髄からGM-CSF由来肺胞のようなマクロファージや樹状細胞の生成および同定

Macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are innate immune cells found in tissues and lymphoid organs that play a key role in the defense against pathogens. ...

Simple and Efficient Production and Purification of Mouse Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein for Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Studies

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), thought to occur as a result of autoimmune responses targeting myelin. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most common animal model of CNS autoimmune disease, and is typically induced via immunization with short peptides representing immunodominant CD4+ T cell epitopes of myelin proteins. However, B cells recognize unprocessed protein directly, and immunization with short peptide does not activate B cells that recognize the native protein. As recent clinical trials of B cell-depleting therapies in MS have suggested a role for B cells in driving disease in humans, there is an urgent need for animal models that incorporate B cell-recognition of autoantigen. To this end, we have generated a new fusion protein containing the extracellular domain of the mouse version of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) as well as N-terminal fusions of a His-tag for purification purposes and the thioredoxin protein to improve solubility (MOGtag). A tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease cleavage site was incorporated to allow the removal of all tag sequences, leaving only the pure MOG1-125 extracellular domain. Here, we describe a simple protocol using only standard laboratory equipment to produce large quantities of pure MOGtag or MOG1-125. This protocol consistently generates over 200 mg of MOGtag protein. Immunization with either MOGtag or MOG1-125 generates an autoimmune response that includes pathogenic B cells that recognize the native mouse MOG.

We describe a simple protocol using only basic lab equipment to generate and purify large quantities of a fusion protein that contains mouse Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein. This protein can be used to induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis driven by both T and B cells.

実験的自己免疫性脳脊髄炎研究のためのシンプルで効率的な生産とマウスミエリンオリゴデンドロサイト糖タンパク質の精製

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), thought to occur as a result of autoimmune responses ...

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming enteric pathogen that is associated with increasing morbidity and mortality and consequently poses an urgent threat to public health. Recurrence of a C. difficile infection (CDI) after successful treatment with antibiotics is high, occurring in 20-30% of patients, thus necessitating the discovery of novel therapeutics against this pathogen. Current animal models of CDI result in high mortality rates and thus do not approximate the chronic, insidious disease manifestations seen in humans with CDI. To evaluate therapeutics against C. difficile, a mouse model approximating human disease utilizing a clinically-relevant strain is needed. This protocol outlines the cefoperazone mouse model of CDI using a clinically-relevant and genetically-tractable strain, R20291. Techniques for clinical disease monitoring, C. difficile bacterial enumeration, toxin cytotoxicity, and histopathological changes throughout CDI in a mouse model are detailed in the protocol. Compared to other mouse models of CDI, this model is not uniformly lethal at the dose administered, allowing for the observation of a prolonged clinical course of infection concordant with the human disease. Therefore, this cefoperazone mouse model of CDI proves a valuable experimental platform to assess the effects of novel therapeutics on the amelioration of clinical disease and on the restoration of colonization resistance against C. difficile.

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

This protocol outlines the cefoperazone mouse model of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) using a clinically-relevant and genetically-tractable strain, R20291. Emphasis on clinical disease monitoring, C. difficile bacterial enumeration, toxin cytotoxicity, and histopathological changes throughout CDI in a mouse model are detailed in the protocol.

臨床的に関連のセフォペラゾン処理されたマウスモデル<em&gt;クロストリジウム・ディフィシル</em&gt;ひずみR20291

Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming enteric pathogen that is associated with increasing morbidity and mortality and ...

A Chronic Autoimmune Dry Eye Rat Model with Increase in Effector Memory T Cells in Eyeball Tissue

Dry eye disease is a very common condition that causes morbidity and healthcare burden and decreases the quality of life. There is a need for a suitable dry eye animal model to test novel therapeutics to treat autoimmune dry eye conditions. This protocol describes a chronic autoimmune dry eye rat model. Lewis rats were immunized with an emulsion containing lacrimal gland extract, ovalbumin, and complete Freund&#39;s adjuvant. A second immunization with the same antigens in incomplete Freund&#39;s adjuvant was administered two weeks later. These immunizations were administered subcutaneously at the base of the tail. To boost the immune response at the ocular surface and lacrimal glands, lacrimal gland extract and ovalbumin were injected into the forniceal subconjunctiva and lacrimal glands 6 weeks after the first immunization. The rats developed dry eye features, including reduced tear production, decreased tear stability, and increased corneal damage. Immune profiling by flow cytometry showed a preponderance of CD3+ effector memory T cells in the eyeball.

This report describes a method to induce chronic experimental autoimmune dry eye in Lewis rats through immunization with an emulsion of rat lacrimal gland extract, ovalbumin, and complete Freund's adjuvant, followed by the injection of lacrimal gland extract and ovalbumin into the forniceal subconjunctiva and lacrimal glands six weeks later.

眼球組織におけるエフェクター記憶T細胞の増加を伴う慢性自己免疫ドライアイラットモデル

Dry eye disease is a very common condition that causes morbidity and healthcare burden and decreases the quality of life. There is a need for a suitable ...

Influenza A Virus Studies in a Mouse Model of Infection

Influenza viruses cause over 500,000 deaths worldwide1 and are associated with an annual cost of 12 - 14 billion USD in the United States alone considering direct medical and hospitalization expenses and work absenteeism2. Animal models are crucial in Influenza A virus (IAV) studies to evaluate viral pathogenesis, host-pathogen interactions, immune responses, and the efficacy of current and/or novel vaccine approaches as well as antivirals. Mice are an advantageous small animal model because their immune system is evolutionarily similar to that found in humans, they are available from commercial vendors as genetically identical subjects, there are multiple strains that can be exploited to evaluate the genetic basis of infections, and they are relatively inexpensive and easy to manipulate. To recapitulate IAV infection in humans via the airways, mice are first anesthetized prior to intranasal inoculation with infectious IAVs under proper biosafety containment. After infection, the pathogenesis of IAVs is determined by monitoring daily the morbidity (body weight loss) and mortality (survival) rate. In addition, viral pathogenesis can also be evaluated by assessing virus replication in the upper (nasal mucosa) or lower (lungs) respiratory tract of infected mice. Humoral responses upon IAV infection can be rapidly evaluated by non-invasive bleeding and secondary antibody detection assays aimed at detecting the presence of total or neutralizing antibodies. Here, we describe the common methods used to infect mice intranasally (i.n) with IAV and evaluate pathogenesis, humoral immune responses and protection efficacy.

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are important human respiratory pathogens. To understand the pathogenicity of IAVs and to perform preclinical testing of novel vaccine approaches, animal models mimicking human physiology are required. Here, we describe techniques to evaluate IAV pathogenesis, humoral responses and vaccine efficacy using a mouse model of infection.

感染症のマウスモデルでの A 型インフルエンザ ウイルス研究

Influenza viruses cause over 500,000 deaths worldwide1 and are associated with an annual cost of 12 - 14 billion USD in the United States alone ...

A Controlled Mouse Model for Neonatal Polymicrobial Sepsis

Neonatal sepsis remains a global burden. A preclinical model to screen effective prophylactic or therapeutic interventions is needed. Neonatal mouse polymicrobial sepsis can be induced by injecting cecal slurry intraperitoneally into day of life 7 mice and monitoring them for the following week. Presented here are the detailed steps necessary for the implementation of this neonatal sepsis model. This includes making a homogeneous cecal slurry stock, diluting it to a weight- and litter-adjusted dose, an outline of the monitoring schedule, and a definition of observed health categories used to define humane endpoints. The generation of a homogeneous cecal slurry stock from pooled donors allows for the administration into many litters over time, reducing the variation between donors, and preventing the use of potentially toxic glycerol. The monitoring strategy used allows for the anticipation of survival outcome and the identification of mice that would later progress to death, allowing for an earlier identification of the humane endpoint. Two main behavioral features are used to define the health scores, namely, the ability of the neonatal mice to right themselves when placed on their back and their level of mobility. These criteria could potentially be applied to address humane endpoints in other studies of neonatal disease in mice, as long as a pilot study is performed to confirm accuracy. In conclusion, this approach provides a standardized method to model newborn sepsis in mice, while providing resources to assess animal welfare used to define early humane endpoints for challenged animals.

This protocol provides the necessary steps to establish and evaluate neonatal sepsis in 7-day-old mice.

新生児モデル敗血症マウスの制御モデル

Neonatal sepsis remains a global burden. A preclinical model to screen effective prophylactic or therapeutic interventions is needed. Neonatal mouse ...