Name: gasless endoscopic thyroidectomy via the trans-axillary approach
Uploaded: 2023-09-15T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Gasless Endoscopic Thyroidectomy via the Trans-Axillary Approach at JoVE.com

Bu çalışma, Helsinki Bildirgesi'nde belirtilen etik ilkelere sıkı sıkıya bağlı kalınarak yürütülmüş ve kurumumuzun İnsan Araştırmaları Etik Kurulu tarafından belirlenen yönergelere bağlı kalmıştır. Araştırma protokolü kapsamlı bir incelemeden geçti ve Sichuan Üniversitesi Batı Çin Hastanesi Etik Komitesi'nden onay aldı. Katılan tüm hastalar, çalışmaya katılmadan önce yazılı bilgilendirilmiş onam verdiler ve araştırma süreci boyunca verilerinin mahremiyetini ve gizliliğini ...

<ol>
	<li>Megwalu, U. C., Moon, P. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thyroid+cancer+incidence+and+mortality+trends+in+the+United+States:+2000-2018.">Thyroid cancer incidence and mortality trends in the United States: 2000-2018.</a> Thyroid. 32 (5), 560-570 (2022).</li><li>Qian, Z. J., Jin, M. C., Meister, K. D., Megwalu, U. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pediatric+thyroid+cancer+incidence+and+mortality+trends+in+the+United+States,+1973-2013.">Pediatric thyroid cancer incidence and mortality trends in the United States, 1973-2013.</a> JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 145 (7), 617-623 (2019).</li><li>Lattoo, M. 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Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gasless+endoscopic+thyroidectomy+via+an+axillary+approach:+experience+of+30+cases.">Gasless endoscopic thyroidectomy via an axillary approach: experience of 30 cases.</a> Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 16 (4), 226-231 (2006).</li><li>Song, C. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Postoperative+pain+after+robotic+thyroidectomy+by+a+gasless+unilateral+axillo-breast+or+axillary+approach.">Postoperative pain after robotic thyroidectomy by a gasless unilateral axillo-breast or axillary approach.</a> Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 25 (6), 478-482 (2015).</li><li>Ji, Y. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+cosmetic+outcomes+after+robotic/endoscopic+thyroidectomy+by+a+gasless+unilateral+axillo-breast+or+axillary+approach.">Long-term cosmetic outcomes after robotic/endoscopic thyroidectomy by a gasless unilateral axillo-breast or axillary approach.</a> J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 24 (4), 248-253 (2014).</li><li>Tan, C. T., Cheah, W. K., Delbridge, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=#34;Scarless&amp;#34;+(in+the+neck)+endoscopic+thyroidectomy+(SET):+an+evidence-based+review+of+published+techniques.">#34;Scarless&amp;#34; (in the neck) endoscopic thyroidectomy (SET): an evidence-based review of published techniques.</a> World J Surg. 32 (7), 1349-1357 (2008).</li><li>Tae, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Initial+experience+with+a+gasless+unilateral+axillo-breast+or+axillary+approach+endoscopic+thyroidectomy+for+papillary+thyroid+microcarcinoma:+comparison+with+conventional+open+thyroidectomy.">Initial experience with a gasless unilateral axillo-breast or axillary approach endoscopic thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: comparison with conventional open thyroidectomy.</a> Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 21 (3), 162-169 (2011).</li><li>Aidan, P., Bechara, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gasless+trans-axillary+robotic+thyroidectomy:+the+introduction+and+principle.">Gasless trans-axillary robotic thyroidectomy: the introduction and principle.</a> Gland Surg. 6 (3), 229-235 (2017).</li><li>Hakim Darail, N. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gasless+transaxillary+endoscopic+thyroidectomy:+a+decade+on.">Gasless transaxillary endoscopic thyroidectomy: a decade on.</a> Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 24 (6), e211-e215 (2014).</li><li>Wei, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Autotransplantation+of+Inferior+Parathyroid+glands+during+central+neck+dissection+for+papillary+thyroid+carcinoma:+a+retrospective+cohort+study.">Autotransplantation of Inferior Parathyroid glands during central neck dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study.</a> Int J Surg. 12 (12), 1286-1290 (2014).</li><li>Naytah, M., Ibrahim, I., da Silva, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Importance+of+incorporating+intraoperative+neuromonitoring+of+the+external+branch+of+the+superior+laryngeal+nerve+in+thyroidectomy:+A+review+and+meta-analysis+study.">Importance of incorporating intraoperative neuromonitoring of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve in thyroidectomy: A review and meta-analysis study.</a> Head Neck. 41 (6), 2034-2041 (2019).</li><li>Kim, E. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-incision,+gasless,+endoscopic+trans-axillary+total+thyroidectomy:+a+feasible+and+oncologic+safe+surgery+in+patients+with+papillary+thyroid+carcinoma.">Single-incision, gasless, endoscopic trans-axillary total thyroidectomy: a feasible and oncologic safe surgery in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma.</a> J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 27 (11), 1158-1164 (2017).</li><li>Wang, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modification+and+application+of+&amp;#34;zero-line+&amp;#34;+incision+design+in+total+endoscopic+gasless+unilateral+axillary+approach+thyroidectomy:+A+preliminary+report.">Modification and application of &amp;#34;zero-line &amp;#34; incision design in total endoscopic gasless unilateral axillary approach thyroidectomy: A preliminary report.</a> Front Surg. 10, 1121292 (2023).</li><li>Dhoomun, D. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+health-related+quality+of+life+and+cosmetic+outcome+between+traditional+gasless+trans-axillary+endoscopic+thyroidectomy+and+modified+gasless+trans-axillary+endoscopic+thyroidectomy+for+patients+with+papillary+thyroid+microcarcinoma.">Comparison of health-related quality of life and cosmetic outcome between traditional gasless trans-axillary endoscopic thyroidectomy and modified gasless trans-axillary endoscopic thyroidectomy for patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.</a> Cancer Med. , (2023).</li><li>Cho, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-incision+endoscopic+thyroidectomy+by+the+axillary+approach+with+gas+inflation+for+the+benign+thyroid+tumor:+retrospective+analysis+for+a+single+surgeon's+experience.">Single-incision endoscopic thyroidectomy by the axillary approach with gas inflation for the benign thyroid tumor: retrospective analysis for a single surgeon's experience.</a> Surg Endosc. 31 (1), 437-444 (2017).</li><li>Jeong, J. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparative+study+of+endoscopic+thyroidectomy+versus+conventional+open+thyroidectomy+in+papillary+thyroid+microcarcinoma+(PTMC)+patients.">Comparative study of endoscopic thyroidectomy versus conventional open thyroidectomy in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) patients.</a> J Surg Oncol. 100 (6), 477-480 (2009).</li><li>Lee, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Excellence+in+robotic+thyroid+surgery:+a+comparative+study+of+robot-assisted+versus+conventional+endoscopic+thyroidectomy+in+papillary+thyroid+microcarcinoma+patients.">Excellence in robotic thyroid surgery: a comparative study of robot-assisted versus conventional endoscopic thyroidectomy in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma patients.</a> Ann Surg. 253 (6), 1060-1066 (2011).</li><li>Cong, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gasless,+endoscopic+trans-axillary+thyroid+surgery:+our+series+of+the+first+51+human+cases.">Gasless, endoscopic trans-axillary thyroid surgery: our series of the first 51 human cases.</a> World J Surg Oncol. 20 (1), 9 (2022).</li><li>Bhargav, P. R., Kumbhar, U. S., Satyam, G., Gayathri, K. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gasless+single+incision+trans-axillary+thyroidectomy:+The+feasibility+and+safety+of+a+hypo-morbid+endoscopic+thyroidectomy+technique.">Gasless single incision trans-axillary thyroidectomy: The feasibility and safety of a hypo-morbid endoscopic thyroidectomy technique.</a> J Minim Access Surg. 9 (3), 116-121 (2013).</li></ol>

Gazsız Endoskopik Tiroidektomi Transaksiller Yaklaşım (GETTA), Papiller Tiroid Mikrokarsinomu (PTMC) insidansının artmasını ele alan ve estetik açıdan hoş sonuçlar veren yeni bir cerrahi yöntemdir 14,15,16. Bununla birlikte, bu teknik, temel operasyonel adımların derinlemesine anlaşılmasını gerektirir17. Gerçek ameliyata başlamadan önce, cerrahların alandaki uzmanlar tarafından sağ...

Ağırlıklı olarak genç kadınları etkileyen papiller tiroid mikrokarsinomu (PTMC)1,2 insidansındaki son artış, hem tıbbi etkinlik hem de estetik duyarlılık sunan cerrahi tekniklerde ilerlemeler gerektirmektedir 3,4. Chung tarafından 2004yılında tanıtılan Gazsız Endoskopik Tiroidektomi Trans-aksiller Yaklaşımın (GETTA) birincil amacı5, bu iki ihtiyacı birleştiren optimal bir cerrahi yöntem sağlamaktır.
GETTA, hastaların öz bilincine yol açan fark edilebilir yara izleri ve iş ve sosyal aktiviteleri üzerindeki potansiyel olumsuz etkiler gibi geleneksel açık cerrahinin dezavantajlarına bir cevap olarak geliştirilmiştir. Endoskopik tiroid cerrahisi, iyi huylu ve kötü huylu tiroid hastalıklarının tedavisinde kademeli olarak uygulanmayabaşlanmıştır 3,4 ve açık cerrahiye göre daha az invaziv bir alternatif sunmaktadır. Yine de GETTA'nın yeniliği, benzersiz gazsız yaklaşımında yatmaktadır. GETTA prosedürünün alternatif tekniklere göre çeşitli avantajları vardır. Aksillanın doğal kıvrımları boyunca boşluğu oluşturarak insizyonu gizli hale getirir ve ameliyat sonrası üstün kozmetik sonuçlar verir6. Ayrıca GETTA, operasyon sırasındaCO2 gazı şişirme ihtiyacını ortadan kaldırır ve böyleceCO2 gazına bağlı komplikasyonları önler. Ayrıca bu yaklaşım, ameliyat sonrası ön servikal bölgenin işlevini koruyan ve ameliyat sonrası cilt-trakeal bağlantının yutulmasını önleyen ön boyun flebini sağlam bırakır 6,7.
Teknik, endoskopik tiroid cerrahisi ile ilgili daha geniş bir literatürde yer almaktadır. Endoskopik tiroid cerrahisinintransoral ve meme yaklaşımı hakkında çok sayıda araştırma raporu varken 8,9, şişirilemez tiroid cerrahisi yeterince bildirilmemiştir10,11. Sonuç olarak, bu yöntem, GETTA prosedürü için kapsamlı bir protokol sağlayarak bu alana önemli bir katkı oluşturmaktadır.
Bu yöntemi uygulamayı düşünen okuyucular için, ameliyat sonrası minimal yara izi isteyen erken evre, düşük riskli papiller tiroid karsinomu hastaları için en uygun olanıdır. Bununla birlikte, bu tekniğin başarısı, mekansal kısıtlamaları nedeniyle uygulayıcının endoskopik prosedürlerdeki yeterliliğine bağlıdır. Bu nedenle, yöntem, ileri endoskopik becerilere sahip olmayan veya gerekli ekipmana sınırlı erişimi olan tıp merkezlerindeki uygulayıcılar için uygun olmayabilir.
Bu makale, GETTA prosedürünün anlaşılmasını desteklemeyi, uygulamasına ilişkin içgörüler sunmayı ve umarım daha fazla tıp merkezinde benimsenmesini teşvik etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. GETA'nın faydaları, tıbbi etkinliğin ötesine geçerek hastaların daha az invaziv cerrahi arzusunu olumlu kozmetik sonuçlarla karşılar.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>EMG Endotracheal Tube</td>
			<td>Medtronic Xomed, Inc.</td>
			<td>20173666541</td>
			<td>EMG Endotracheal Tube&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forceps</td>
			<td>Kangji Medical</td>
			<td>106.890.A</td>
			<td>Gasless endoscopic thyroidectomy trans-axillary approach Equipment (Within)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gasless endoscopic thyroidectomy trans-axillary approach Equipment</td>
			<td>Kangji Medical</td>
			<td>106.890.A</td>
			<td>Gasless endoscopic thyroidectomy trans-axillary approach Equipment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) Device</td>
			<td>Medtronic Xomed, Inc.</td>
			<td>20083210370</td>
			<td>NIM-Response 2.0</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laparoscopic aspirator</td>
			<td>Kangji Medical</td>
			<td>106.891.A</td>
			<td>Gasless endoscopic thyroidectomy trans-axillary approach Equipment (Within)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nerve monitoring probe</td>
			<td>Medtronic Xomed, Inc.</td>
			<td>20173666541</td>
			<td>EMG Endotracheal Tube (Within)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Retractors (Two types)</td>
			<td>Kangji Medical</td>
			<td>106.890.A</td>
			<td>Gasless endoscopic thyroidectomy trans-axillary approach Equipment (Within)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trocar</td>
			<td>Johnson &#38; Johnson</td>
			<td>B5LT</td>
			<td>Trocar (5 mm)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultrasonic scalpel</td>
			<td>Johnson &#38; Johnson</td>
			<td>HAR36</td>
			<td>Ultrasonic scalpel</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

gasless endoscopic thyroidectomy via the trans-axillary approach

Erken, düşük riskli papiller tiroid karsinomu olan hastalar için, mükemmel kozmetik sonuçları korurken olumlu terapötik sonuçlar elde etme kabiliyeti nedeniyle artan sayıda endoskopik tiroid cerrahisini tercih etmektedir. Mevcut endoskopik prosedürler arasında Gazsız Endoskopik Tiroidektomi Transaksiller Yaklaşım (GETTA) cerrahlar arasında popülerlik kazanmıştır. Bu, basit boşluk yapısına, geniş çalışma alanına, hassas görme alanı maruziyetine ve yönetilebilir öğrenme eğrisine atfedilir. Bununla birlikte, az sayıda çalışma, GETTA'da yer alan spesifik cerrahi adımların ayrıntılı açıklamalarını sağlamıştır. Mevcut literatürün ve kendi klinik uzmanlığımızın bir sentezinden yola çıkarak, GETTA prosedürünün kapsamlı bir taslağını sunuyoruz. Bu süreç beş farklı aşamaya ayrılabilir: konumlandırma ve insizyon planlaması; cerrahi boşlukların kurulması; rekürren laringeal sinir, inferior paratiroid bezi ve santral boyun diseksiyonunun tanımlanması ve korunması; superior laringeal sinirin, superior paratiroid bezinin lokalizasyonu ve korunması ve tiroidin superior kutbunun diseksiyonu; tiroid isthmus transeksiyonu ve ardından tiroid bezi ve merkezi boyun lenf nodlarının en blok rezeksiyonu. GETTA'nın beş aşamalı yaklaşımının öğrenilmesi kolaydır ve hem iyi huylu hem de kötü huylu tiroid ve paratiroid hastalıklarının rezeke edilmesi için uyarlanabilir.

Bu çalışmada, yaş ortalaması 36 olan (SS = 4.52; 20-59 yıl) 200 kadın hastadan oluşan bir kohort, Gazsız Endoskopik Tiroidektomi Transaksiller Yaklaşım (GETTA) uygulandı (Tablo 1). Hastaların ortalama Vücut Kitle İndeksi (VKİ) 22.79 kg/m2 (SS = 4.52; dağılım = 18.27-27.31) idi. Sonogramda ortalama tümör boyutu 7.09 mm (SS = 3.84) olarak saptandı. Tüm hastalar mevcut cerrahi seçenekler hakkında tam olarak bilgilendirildi ve daha sonra GETTA'yı seçti. Toplam 54 (%27) h...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Gasless Endoscopic Thyroidectomy via the Trans-Axillary Approach at JoVE.com

Gasless Endoscopic Thyroidectomy via the Trans-Axillary Approach

Bu protokol, gazsız endoskopik tiroidektomi transaksiller yaklaşımı (GETTA) kullanılarak tiroidektomi yapma prosedürünü sunar.

Transaksiller yaklaşımla gazsız endoskopik tiroidektomi

For patients with early, low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma, an increasing number are opting for endoscopic thyroid surgery due to its ability to ...

GETTA'nın beş adım yaklaşımının öğrenilmesi kolaydır ve hem iyi huylu hem de kötü huylu tiroid ve paratiroid hastalıklarının diseksiyonu için uyarlanabilir. Bu teknik, önemli ölçüde geliştirilmiş kozmetik sonuçlar sunar. Karbondioksit gazı insüflasyonunu ortadan kaldırır ve ön servikal bölgenin fonksiyonunu korur.Servikal skardan kaçınmak isteyen erken düşük riskli papiller tiroid karsinomu olan hastalar için uygun ve güvenli bir tekniktir. Başlamak için, anestezi altındaki hastayı sırtüstü pozisyona getirin ve etkilenen taraftaki üst ekstremiteyi 60 ila 90 derecelik bir açıyla alın. Ardından, bir neşter kullanarak yaklaşık dört ila altı santimetre uzunluğunda bir birincil kesi yapın.Daha sonra, trokar için cerrahi bir neşter kullanarak yaklaşık 0,5 santimetrelik ikincil bir kesi oluşturun. Sternal kleo mastoid kasının sternal başı ile klavikula başı arasındaki boşluğu bulun. Ultrasonik neşterin mini düğmesini kullanarak, boşluk içindeki küçük kan damarlarını pıhtılaştırın.Sternotiroid kası ile iç juguler ven arasındaki anatomik boşluğu incelemek için ultrasonik neşterde diseksiyon forseps kullanın. Tiroid ve sternotiroid kası arasındaki doğal boşluğu inceleyin. Ekartörleri boşluk içinde konumlandırın ve cerrahi boşlukların oluşturulmasını tamamlayın.Bir sinir izleme probu kullanarak inferior tiroid arterinin çatallanması etrafındaki tekrarlayan laringeal siniri bulun. Trakeayı ortaya çıkarmak için inferior tiroid kan damarlarını korurken ve pıhtılaştırırken inferior tiroid arterinin etrafındaki alanı inceleyin. İnferior tiroid arterinin dallarını pıhtılaştırdıktan ve kestikten sonra, gırtlağa giden sinir yolunu takip edin ve diseksiyon işlemi sırasında korunmasını sağlayın.Açık cerrahi gibi merkezi bir boyun diseksiyonu yöntemi uygulayın ve hastanın hastalığının derecesine göre boynun orta bölmesinden lenf düğümlerini çıkarın. Tiroid bezinin üst kutbunu ayırdıktan sonra, üst tiroid kutbunun kan damarlarını ortaya çıkarmak için krikotiroid boşluğu boyunca ayırma işlemine devam edin. Ultrasonik neşterin mini düğmesini kullanarak, pıhtılaştırın ve tiroid bezinin üst kutbunun kan damarlarını dikkatlice kesin.Tiroid bezinin üst kutbu ile krikotiroid kası arasındaki boşluğu tamamen ayırın. Küçük kan damarlarını pıhtılaştırmak için ultrasonik bir neşter kullanın. Daha sonra hem tiroid kıstağını hem de tiroid bezinin yanındaki merkezi alanda bulunan lenf düğümlerini çıkarın.Numuneyi numune torbasında toplayın. Laparoskopik bir aspiratör kullanarak, çalışma boşluğunu ılık steril salinle yıkayın. Daha sonra trakeanın yakınına bir drenaj tüpü yerleştirin ve tüpü aksilladan dışarı yönlendirmek için diseksiyon forseps kullanın.Aksiller insizyonu 30 santimetre kesintili emilebilir 4.0 sütür ile kapatın. Bu çalışmada, yaş ortalaması 36 olan 200 kadın hastaya gazsız endoskopik tiroidektomi trans aksiller yaklaşım uygulandı. Beş hastada ameliyat sonrası geçici rekürren laringeal sinir sinyali zayıflaması görüldü ve bu durum bir ay sonra düzeldi.Kalıcı rekürren laringeal sinir yaralanması vakası gözlenmedi. Ancak üç hastada intraoperatif kanama nedeniyle açık cerrahiye geçiş gerekti. Pıhtılaşma veya kesme içeren herhangi bir cerrahi girişimden önce rekürren laringeal sinirin tanınması ve korunması çok önemlidir.Bu işlemi takiben paratiroidektomi ve lateral lenf nodu diseksiyonu eş zamanlı olarak yapılabilir. Daha fazla iyileştirme üzerine, bu teknik, endoskopik meme ameliyatları için uyarlanabilir olmasının yanı sıra total tiroidektomi, paratiroidektomi ve lateral lenf nodu diseksiyonlarını kolaylaştırabilir.

gasless-endoscopic-thyroidectomy-via-the-trans-axillary-approach

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Gasless Endoscopic Thyroidectomy via the Trans-Axillary Approach

Permanent Cerebral Vessel Occlusion via Double Ligature and Transection

Stroke is a leading cause of death, disability, and socioeconomic loss worldwide. The majority of all strokes result from an interruption in blood flow (ischemia) 1. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) delivers a great majority of blood to the lateral surface of the cortex 2, is the most common site of human stroke 3, and ischemia within its territory can result in extensive dysfunction or death 1,4,5. Survivors of ischemic stroke often suffer loss or disruption of motor capabilities, sensory deficits, and infarct. In an effort to capture these key characteristics of stroke, and thereby develop effective treatment, a great deal of emphasis is placed upon animal models of ischemia in MCA.
Here we present a method of permanently occluding a cortical surface blood vessel. We will present this method using an example of a relevant vessel occlusion that models the most common type, location, and outcome of human stroke, permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). In this model, we surgically expose MCA in the adult rat and subsequently occlude via double ligature and transection of the vessel. This pMCAO blocks the proximal cortical branch of MCA, causing ischemia in all of MCA cortical territory, a large portion of the cortex. This method of occlusion can also be used to occlude more distal portions of cortical vessels in order to achieve more focal ischemia targeting a smaller region of cortex. The primary disadvantages of pMCAO are that the surgical procedure is somewhat invasive as a small craniotomy is required to access MCA, though this results in minimal tissue damage. The primary advantages of this model, however, are: the site of occlusion is well defined, the degree of blood flow reduction is consistent, functional and neurological impairment occurs rapidly, infarct size is consistent, and the high rate of survival allows for long-term chronic assessment.

Permanent Cerebral Vessel Occlusion via Double Ligature and Transection

We describe a highly reproducible method for the permanent occlusion of a rodent major cerebral blood vessel. This technique can be accomplished with very little peripheral damage, minimal blood loss, a high rate of long-term survival, and consistent infarct volume commensurate with the human clinical population.

Kalıcı Serebral Gemi Tıkanıklığı<em&gt; Ile</em&gt; Çift Ligature ve transeksiyonu

Stroke is a leading cause of death, disability, and socioeconomic loss worldwide. The majority of all strokes result from an interruption in blood flow ...

Tıp

Non-invasive Assessment of the Efficacy of New Therapeutics for Intestinal Pathologies Using Serial Endoscopic Imaging of Live Mice

Animal models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) have provided significant insight into the cell intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that contribute to the onset and progression of intestinal diseases. The identification of new molecules that promote these pathologies has led to a flurry of activity focused on the development of potential new therapies to inhibit their function. As a result, various pre-clinical mouse models with an intact immune system and stromal microenvironment are now heavily used. Here we describe three experimental protocols to test the efficacy of new therapeutics in pre-clinical models of (1) acute mucosal damage, (2) chronic colitis and/or colitis-associated colon cancer, and (3) sporadic colorectal cancer. We also outline procedures for serial endoscopic examination that can be used to document the therapeutic response of an individual tumor and to monitor the health of individual mice. These protocols provide complementary experimental platforms to test the effectiveness of therapeutic compounds shown to be well tolerated by mice.

We describe methods for longitudinal monitoring of the efficacy of therapeutics for the treatment of colonic pathologies in mice using a rigid endoscope. This protocol can be readily used for the characterization of the therapeutic response of an individual tumor in live mice and also for monitoring potential disease relapse.

Canlı Fareler Seri endoskopik Görüntüleme kullanma Bağırsak Patolojilerde Yeni Therapeutics Etkinliğinin Non-invaziv Değerlendirme

Animal models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) have provided significant insight into the cell intrinsic and extrinsic ...

Step-by-Step Stapedotomy through Transcanal Exclusive Endoscopic Approach

In recent years there has been an increasing trend in the use of the endoscope to treat a variety of middle ear pathologies, including otosclerosis. Several studies comparing traditional microscopic and endoscopic stapes surgery have reported similar hearing results and an overall low rate of complications. The endoscope has unraveled its full potential in demanding settings of stapes surgery, such as unfavorable anatomy of the oval window niche or revision cases. Reduced manipulation of the chorda tympani and low rate of post-operative dysgeusia are further benefits to mention for endoscopic stapes surgery.
Being a one-handed technique, management of bleeding, positioning, and crimping of the prosthesis may be challenging for novice endoscopic surgeons, so some training in endoscopic ear surgery is recommended before performing endoscopic stapedotomy. The problem of sharing the surgical field between the endoscope and the operating instruments could be easily overcome if proper instruments positioning is understood. One-handed bleeding control in the narrow space of the ear canal may represent an issue during the elevation of the tympano-meatal flap, possibly discouraging the surgeon since the preliminary steps of surgery. Following appropriate technique to raise the flap and the collaboration with the anesthesiology team in keeping the blood pressure low guarantee an adequate bleeding control in most cases.
The aim of this article is to describe the entire surgical procedure of a transcanal exclusive endoscopic stapedotomy, from operating room set up and patient positioning to post-operative care. A step-by-step description of the surgical maneuvers with technical hints is reported, to guide the surgeon across the procedure and allow any ear surgeon to perform stapes surgery endoscopically.

The aim of this article is to provide a step-by-step method for endoscopic stapes surgery from operating room setting and patient positioning to post-operative care. This work would represent a guide for any otologic surgeon who is willing to treat otosclerosis with endoscopic transcanal technique.

Transkanal Özel Endoskopik Yaklaşım ile Adım Adım Stapedotomi

In recent years there has been an increasing trend in the use of the endoscope to treat a variety of middle ear pathologies, including otosclerosis. ...

Endoscopic Cholesteatoma Surgery

Implementation of endoscopes in cholesteatoma surgery resulted in considerable changes in the management of cholesteatoma in the last two decades. Compared to the microscopic approach with an excellent but straight-line view and limited illumination, the introduction of endoscopes provides a wide-angled panoramic view. Moreover, angled lenses allow the surgeon to visualize the middle ear and its hidden recesses through a transcanal, minimally-invasive approach. The endoscope enables the surgeon to remove limited cholesteatoma of the middle ear and its recesses using an exclusive endoscopic technique by taking advantage of these benefits. This reduces the rate of residual disease and sparing external incisions and excessive temporal bone drilling as in a transmastoid approach. Since transcanal endoscopic access is mainly a one-handed technique, it implies the need for specific procedures and technical refinements. This article describes a step-by-step guide as a surgical manual for endoscopic removal of epitympanic cholesteatoma. Different techniques for cholesteatoma dissection and bone removal for epitympanectomy, including curettage and powered instruments such as drills and ultrasonic devices with their outcomes, are discussed. This may offer ear surgeons insight into technical refinements and the latest technological developments and open the horizon for different techniques.

The present protocol describes a step-by-step guide for the complete endoscopic removal of epitympanic cholesteatoma with different techniques for cholesteatoma dissection and bone removal for epitympanectomy.

Endoskopik Kolesteatom Cerrahisi

Implementation of endoscopes in cholesteatoma surgery resulted in considerable changes in the management of cholesteatoma in the last two decades. ...

Laparoscopic Radical Antegrade Modular Pancreatosplenectomy via Dorsal-Caudal Artery Approach for Pancreatic Neck-Body Cancer

Laparoscopic radical resection of the pancreatic neck is one of the most complicated radical operations for pancreatic cancer, especially for patients who have had neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Here, we present a technique to perform laparoscopic radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (L-RAMPS) using the dorsal-caudal artery approach by making full use of the high-definition vision and operation modes of the laparoscope.
The innovation and optimization of this operation are provided in the protocol. Priority should be given to the dorsal resection plane, including the dorsal side of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), the dorsal side of the pancreatic head, the root of the celiac artery (CeA), the ventral side of the left renal vessels, and the renal hilum. On the condition that the operation for pancreatic neck-body cancer is feasible and safe, the second step is to perform tumor resection en bloc surrounding the SMA and CeA from the caudal to the cephalic side to increase the rate of R0 (radical zero) resection and further prognosis.

Laparoscopic Radical Antegrade Modular Pancreatosplenectomy via Dorsal-Caudal Artery Approach for Pancreatic Neck-Body Cancer

With advancements in laparoscopic techniques, laparoscopic radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (L-RAMPS) has been widely recognized. However, owing to several technical difficulties in this procedure, the artery-first approach in L-RAMPS still remains uncommon. Here, we developed the dorsal-caudal artery approach for L-RAMPS, which might be safe and beneficial for pancreatic neck tumors.

Pankreas Boyun-Vücut Kanserinde Dorsal-Kanedenal Arter Yaklaşımı ile Laparoskopik Radikal Antegrad Modüler Pankreatosplenektomi

Laparoscopic radical resection of the pancreatic neck is one of the most complicated radical operations for pancreatic cancer, especially for patients who ...

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

The manuscript describes the transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) for thyroid lobectomy. The patient is placed in the supine position with extension and fixation of the neck. One 20 mm transverse incision and two 5 mm incisions are made through the mucosa of the oral vestibule for camera and instrument placement after disinfection of the skin and oral cavity. The workspace is established and maintained by the skin suspension device, which is made of unabsorbable string (3-0) and rubber bands, and the CO2 insufflation pressure. Lobectomy using a medial-to-lateral technique and prophylactic ipsilateral central neck dissection is performed simultaneously on patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). The specimen is extracted through the 20 mm incision. The parathyroid gland is immediately searched for in the specimen and auto-transplanted to the left brachioradialis. A drainage tube is inserted through the retractor hole into the bed of the thyroid gland, and absorbable sutures are used to close the mucosal incisions in the oral vestibule and the linea alba cervicalis. Prophylactics administered intravenously are recommended for the first 24 h after surgery, and oral antibiotics are used for 7 days postoperatively.

Here, we present a protocol to describe the methodology for the transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach in detail.

Transoral Endoskopik Tiroidektomi Tiroid Lobektomisinde Vestibüler Yaklaşım

The manuscript describes the transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) for thyroid lobectomy. The patient is placed in the supine ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Özel Endoskopik Osiküloplasti için Kapsamlı Bir Adım Adım Kılavuz

Techniques of Endoscopic Ossiculoplasty

The utilization of endoscopes in modern otology has evolved from diagnostic purposes to the development of exclusive endoscopic ear surgery. This technique offers a panoramic view of the middle ear and provides an optimal magnification of the oval window region, the stapes' suprastructure, and the footplate, allowing great precision in prosthesis positioning during ossiculoplasty (OPL). Various techniques for ossicular chain reconstruction have been described in the literature. Either autologous or synthetic materials can be used for reconstruction. The use of a patient's own tissue minimizes the risk of implant rejection or extrusion of the prosthesis through the tympanic membrane. On the other hand, synthetic materials like titanium are light and rigid and do not require time-consuming prosthesis remodeling. The main objective of this article is to present a comprehensive step-by-step guide that serves as a surgical manual for exclusive endoscopic OPL. This guide will explain various forms of OPL using synthetic and autologous materials. The goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the various surgical techniques and support the integration into clinical practice.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Yazar Spotlight: Endoskopik Osiküloplastiyi Geliştirme – Klinik Entegrasyon için Teknikler, Yenilikler ve Pratik Rehberlik

Exclusive Endoscopic ossiculoplasty (EEO) is a promising and minimally invasive approach for the treatment of conductive hearing loss due to ossicular chain disruptions and associated middle ear pathologies. Herein, step-by-step instructions and a discussion of various endoscopic ossiculoplasty techniques are presented.

Endoskopik Osiküloplasti Teknikleri

The utilization of endoscopes in modern otology has evolved from diagnostic purposes to the development of exclusive endoscopic ear surgery. This ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Lomber Spinal Stenozun Minimal İnvaziv Omurga Cerrahisi ile Tedavisi

Percutaneous Endoscopic Unilateral-Approach Bilateral Decompression for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) involves the narrowing of the spinal canal due to degenerative changes in the vertebral joints, intervertebral discs, and ligaments. LSS encompasses central canal stenosis (CCS), lateral recess stenosis (LRS), and intervertebral foramen stenosis (IFS). The utilization of lumbar endoscopic unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression (LE-ULBD) has gained popularity in the treatment of CCS and LRS. This popularity is attributed to the rapid development of endoscopic instruments and the progress of endoscopic philosophy.
In this technical report, a detailed introduction to the steps and key points of LE-ULBD is provided. Simultaneously, a retrospective review of 132 consecutive patients who underwent LE-ULBD for central canal and/or lateral recess stenosis was conducted. The outcomes after more than two years of follow-up were assessed using the visual analogue score (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, and the modified MacNab criteria to evaluate surgical efficacy. All 132 patients underwent LE-ULBD successfully. Among them, 119 patients were rated as "excellent," while 13 patients were rated as "good" based on the modified MacNab criteria during the last follow-up. Incidental dural tears occurred in four cases, but there were no post-operative epidural hematomas or infections. The experience demonstrates that LE-ULBD is a less invasive, effective, and safe approach. It can be considered as an alternative option for treating patients with lumbar central canal stenosis and/or lateral recess stenosis.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Yazar Gündemi: Lomber spinal stenozu tedavi etmek için güvenli, etkili ve minimal invaziv bir yaklaşım olarak LE-ULBD'nin kapsamı

The present protocol describes the steps and key points of lumbar endoscopic unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression for the treatment of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis.

Lomber spinal stenoz için perkütan endoskopik unilateral yaklaşım bilateral dekompresyon

Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) involves the narrowing of the spinal canal due to degenerative changes in the vertebral joints, intervertebral discs, and ...