Name: a single-channel and non-invasive wearable brain-computer interface for industry and healthcare
Uploaded: 2023-07-07T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Single-Channel and Non-Invasive Wearable Brain-Computer Interface for Industry and Healthcare at JoVE.com

这项工作是作为信息通信技术促进健康项目的一部分进行的，该项目由意大利教育、大学和研究部 （MIUR） 根据卓越部门倡议（意大利预算法第 232/2016 号）通过授予那不勒斯费德里科二世大学信息技术和电气工程系的卓越赠款， 意大利那不勒斯。该项目确实是在Res4Net倡议和IEEE仪器仪表和测量协会的TC-06（测量新兴技术）的支持下实现的。作者还要感谢L. Callegaro，A. Cioffi，S. Criscuolo，A. Cultrera，G. De Blasi，E. De Benedetto，L. Duraccio，E. Leone和M. Ortolano在开发，测试和验证系统方面的宝贵贡献。

该研究得到了那不勒斯费德里科二世大学人文系心理研究伦理委员会的批准。志愿者在参与实验前签署了知情同意书。
1.准备非侵入性可穿戴大脑-计算机接口
<ol><li>获得带有干电极的低成本消费级脑电图仪，并将其配置为单通道使用。<ol><li>将低成本脑电图仪上任何未使用的输入通道短路或连接到固有数据表指定的内部基准电压。这样，未使用的通道将被禁用?...

<ol>
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系统的正常运行涉及两个关键方面：SSVEP启发和信号采集。除了为当前研究选择的特定设备外，SSVEP还可以通过提供闪烁光的不同设备来引发，尽管智能眼镜是首选以确保可穿戴性和便携性。类似地，可以考虑进一步的商业脑电图仪，但它们必须是可穿戴的，便携式的，并且涉及最少数量的干电极才能使用户友好。此外，该系统可以定制为使用易于编程的设备。此外，处理策略决定了最终性能;尽?...

脑机接口（BCI）是一种允许与没有自然神经通路的设备进行通信和/或控制的系统1。BCI技术是人类最接近用思想的力量控制物体的东西。从技术角度来看，系统操作通过测量诱导或诱发的大脑活动来工作，这些活动可能是非自愿的，也可能是由受试者自愿产生的2。从历史上看，研究的重点是通过 BCI3 帮助运动障碍者，但如今越来越多的公司为游戏4、机器人5、工业6 和其他涉及人机交互的应用提供基于 BCI 的仪器。值得注意的是，BCI可能在第四次工业革命中发挥作用，即工业4.07，其中网络物理生产系统正在改变人类与周围环境之间的相互作用8。从广义上讲，欧洲项目BNCI Horizon 2020确定了诸如替换，恢复，改善，增强或补充中枢神经系统失去的自然功能等应用场景，以及BCI在研究大脑中的使用9。
在这个框架中，最近的技术进步意味着脑机接口可能适用于日常生活10，11。为了实现这一目标，第一个要求是非侵入性，这对于避免手术干预的风险和提高用户接受度非常重要。然而，值得注意的是，非侵入性神经成像的选择会影响测量的大脑信号的质量，然后BCI设计必须处理相关的陷阱12。此外，还需要耐磨性和便携性。这些要求符合对用户友好系统的需要，但也带来了一些限制。总体而言，通过使用带有无凝胶电极的脑电图（EEG）系统6解决了上述硬件限制。这种基于脑电图的BCI也将是低成本的。同时，在软件方面，需要最少的用户培训（或理想情况下没有培训）;也就是说，在用户可以使用系统之前，最好避免长时间调整处理算法。这方面在BCI中至关重要，因为主体间和主体内的非平稳性13，14。
先前的文献已经证明，诱发脑电位的检测在信号采集中的非平稳性和噪声方面是稳健的。换句话说，依赖于诱发电位检测的BCI被称为反应性，并且在大脑模式识别方面是表现最好的BCI15。然而，它们需要感官刺激，这可能是这种界面的主要缺点。因此，所提出的方法的目标是依靠可穿戴的现成仪器构建高度可穿戴和便携式的BCI。这里的感官刺激由智能眼镜产生的闪烁灯组成，能够引发稳态视觉诱发电位（SSVEP）。以前的工作已经考虑将BCI与虚拟现实单独或与增强现实相结合16。例如，提出了BCI-AR系统来控制SSVEP17的四轴飞行器。虚拟现实、增强现实和其他范式被称为扩展现实。在这种情况下，智能眼镜的选择符合可穿戴性和便携性要求，并且智能眼镜可以与最小的脑电图采集设置集成。本文表明，基于 SSVEP 的 BCI 还需要最少的培训，同时在中低速通信和控制应用中实现可接受的分类性能。因此，该技术应用于日常生活应用的BCI，似乎特别适用于工业和医疗保健。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Conductive rubber with Ag/AgCl coating&#160;</td>
			<td>ab medica s.p.a.</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Alternative electrodes &#8211; type 2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Earclip electrode</td>
			<td>OpenBCI</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Ear clip</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EEG-AE</td>
			<td>Olimex</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Active electrodes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EEG-PE</td>
			<td>Olimex</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Passive electrode</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EEG-SMT</td>
			<td>Olimex</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Low-cost electroencephalograph</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Moverio BT-200</td>
			<td>Epson</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Smart glasses</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Snap electrodes</td>
			<td>OpenBCI</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Alternative electrodes &#8211; type 1</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a single-channel and non-invasive wearable brain-computer interface for industry and healthcare

目前的工作重点是如何构建可穿戴脑机接口（BCI）。BCI是一种新颖的人机交互方式，它依赖于对大脑信号的直接测量来帮助残疾人和健全人。应用示例包括机器人控制、工业检测和神经康复。值得注意的是，最近的研究表明，稳态视觉诱发电位（SSVEPs）特别适合通信和控制应用，目前正在努力将BCI技术带入日常生活。为了实现这一目标，最终系统必须依靠可穿戴、便携和低成本的仪器。在利用SSVEP时，需要具有固定频率的闪烁视觉刺激。因此，在考虑日常生活限制时，本研究探讨了通过智能眼镜提供视觉刺激的可能性。此外，为了检测诱发电位，考虑了一种用于脑电图（EEG）的商用设备。它由带有干电极（无导电凝胶）的单个差分通道组成，从而实现最大的耐磨性和便携性。在这样的BCI中，用户只需盯着显示屏上出现的图标即可与智能眼镜进行交互。基于这个简单的原理，通过将扩展现实（XR）眼镜与市售的EEG设备集成，构建了用户友好，低成本的BCI。这种可穿戴XR-BCI的功能通过涉及20名受试者的实验活动进行了检查。根据刺激时间的不同，分类准确率平均在80%-95%之间。鉴于这些结果，该系统可以用作工业检查的人机界面，也可以用于ADHD和自闭症的康复。

上述系统的可能实现如图 1所示;这种实现允许用户通过大脑活动在增强现实中导航。智能眼镜显示屏上的闪烁图标对应于应用程序的动作（图1A），因此，这些眼镜代表了基于按钮按下或触摸板的传统界面的替代品。这种相互作用的有效性与闪烁引起的电位的成功分类严格相关。为了实现这一目标，首先对系统18</s...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Single-Channel and Non-Invasive Wearable Brain-Computer Interface for Industry and Healthcare at JoVE.com

A Single-Channel and Non-Invasive Wearable Brain-Computer Interface for Industry and Healthcare

本文讨论了如何依靠消费级设备和稳态视觉诱发电位构建脑机接口。为此，利用干电极的单通道脑电图仪与增强现实眼镜集成在一起，用于刺激呈现和输出数据可视化。最终的系统是非侵入式的、可穿戴的和便携的。

面向工业和医疗保健的单通道非侵入式可穿戴脑机接口

The present work focuses on how to build a wearable brain-computer interface (BCI). BCIs are a novel means of human-computer interaction that relies on ...

这项工作的提议有助于通过利用消费级设备，直接的信号处理和扩展现实来开发低成本，可穿戴和便携式脑机接口。该技术旨在使脑机接口技术更接近日常生活，并为工业和医疗保健应用中的许多用户开辟新的可能性。该提案系统还应用于基于机器人的注意力缺陷/多动障碍儿童或自闭症儿童的康复。结果令人鼓舞。首先，戴上智能眼镜和头带，并在PC与主电源断开连接时，通过USB电缆将低成本脑电图仪连接到PC。在此步骤中，必须将所有电极与脑电图采集板断开连接，以从已知条件开始。在此阶段，使用与Android应用程序中实现的处理兼容的脚本在PC上离线处理EEG流。启动脚本以接收脑电图信号并可视化它们。检查显示的信号。这必须仅对应于EEG放大器的量化噪声。连接第一个电极，然后用自定义夹子或使用耳夹电极将无源电极应用于左耳。在此步骤中，输出信号必须保持不变，因为测量差分通道仍然是开路。将有源电极连接到测量 EEG 通道差分输入的负极端子，并用头带将其应用于额叶区域。几秒钟后，信号应恢复为零。将另一个有源电极连接到测量 EEG 通道差分输入的正极端子，并用头带将其应用于枕部区域。现在显示的大脑信号对应于相对于额叶大脑区域和枕叶区域测量的视觉活动。通过在 Android 应用程序中启动闪烁图标，使用 10 赫兹和 12 赫兹闪烁图标反复刺激用户。按下智能眼镜的触摸板，同时启动脑电图采集和可视化脚本。确保此阶段的每次刺激都包含一个闪烁 10 秒的图标。从与每次刺激相关的十秒信号中，使用快速傅里叶变换提取两个特征，即 10 赫兹和 12 赫兹的功率谱密度。或者，也考虑二次谐波。使用特征域中采集信号的表示来训练支持向量机分类器。使用 MATLAB 或 Python 中的工具来识别具有最终内核的超平面的参数。基于输入特征，训练后的模型将能够对脑电信号的未来观察进行分类。断开 USB 电缆与 PC 的连接，然后将其直接连接到智能眼镜。将经过训练的分类器的参数插入到 Android 应用程序中。系统现已准备就绪。低成本脑电图仪的特点是线性度和幅度误差。结果显示在此处。测量智能眼镜的闪烁以突出显示与标称方波路径的最终偏差。该图显示了商用智能眼镜根据闪烁按钮的振幅谱进行表征。此处显示了 10 赫兹和 12 赫兹的闪烁。该图表示在特征域中视觉刺激期间测量的信号。与 12 赫兹闪烁刺激相关的信号以蓝色显示，而与 10 赫兹闪烁刺激相关的信号以红色显示。对于每个受试者，将与十秒刺激相关的结果与与两秒刺激相关的结果进行比较。这里报告了将所有受试者一起考虑获得的准确度以及所有受试者的平均准确度。此处显示了考虑两个PSD特征与SSVEP相关脑电图数据的四个PSD特征时的分类性能比较。鉴于消费级设备的良好计量性能，必须主要关注测量电极的机械稳定性，因为它们不使用导电凝胶。该程序被证明对相对强大的噪声SSVEP信号有效，但人们可能会研究类似仪器在进一步范式（如电机图像）中的使用。由于可穿戴性、便携性和易用性，该技术现在被研究为康复的辅助设备或工业场景的新工具。

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

控制的大小，形状和稳定性超分子聚合物在水

For aqueous based supramolecular polymers, the simultaneous control over shape, size and stability is very difficult1. At the same time, the ability to do ...

科研

工程学

Detection and Recovery of Palladium, Gold and Cobalt Metals from the Urban Mine Using Novel Sensors/Adsorbents Designated with Nanoscale Wagon-wheel-shaped Pores

检测和钯的回收，从城市矿山黄金和钴金属使用标有纳米货车车轮形的孔隙新型传感器/吸附剂

Developing low-cost, efficient processes for recovering and recycling palladium, gold and cobalt metals from urban mine remains a significant challenge in ...

Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis

通过与核反应分析深度剖面的表面和界面层和颗粒材料氢含量的定量

Nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) via the resonant 1H(15N,&#945;&#947;)12C reaction is a highly effective method of depth profiling that quantitatively and ...

Hand Controlled Manipulation of Single Molecules via a Scanning Probe Microscope with a 3D Virtual Reality Interface

通过手扫描探针显微镜用三维虚拟现实接口控制单分子的操作

Considering organic molecules as the functional building blocks of future nanoscale technology, the question of how to arrange and assemble such building ...

Gain-compensation Methodology for a Sinusoidal Scan of a Galvanometer Mirror in Proportional-Integral-Differential Control Using Pre-emphasis Techniques

使用预加重技术增益补偿方法论电流镜的比例 - 积分 - 微分控制正弦扫描

Galvanometer mirrors are used for optical applications such as target tracking, drawing, and scanning control because of their high speed and accuracy. ...

O-cresol Concentration Online Measurement Based On Near Infrared Spectroscopy Via Partial Least Square Regression

O-cresol 浓度在线测量基于近红外光谱通过部分最小平方回归

Unlike macroscopic process variables, near-infrared spectroscopy provides process information at the molecular level and can significantly improve the ...

Evaluating Usability Aspects of a Mixed Reality Solution for Immersive Analytics in Industry 4.0 Scenarios

评估工业 4.0 方案中沉浸式分析的混合现实解决方案的可用性方面

In medicine or industry, the analysis of high-dimensional data sets is increasingly required. However, available technical solutions are often complex to ...

A Multi-Cue Bioreactor to Evaluate the Inflammatory and Regenerative Capacity of Biomaterials under Flow and Stretch

评估流和拉伸下生物材料的炎症和再生能力的多奎生物反应器

The use of resorbable biomaterials to induce regeneration directly in the body is an attractive strategy from a translational perspective. Such materials ...

Elaborate Control of Inkjet Printer for Fabrication of Chip-based Supercapacitors

用于制造基于芯片的超级电容器的喷墨打印机的精细控制

There are tremendous efforts in various fields to apply the inkjet printing method for the fabrication of wearable devices, displays, and energy storage ...

Evaluating the Electrochemical Properties of Supercapacitors using the Three-Electrode System

使用三电极系统评估超级电容器的电化学性质

The three-electrode system is a basic and general analytical platform for investigating the electrochemical performance and characteristics of energy ...