Name: 저자 스포트라이트: 녹내장 진단 및 치료 개선을 위한 In Vivo 및 Ex Vivo 망막 영상의 발전
Uploaded: 2023-06-30T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Advancements in In Vivo and Ex Vivo Retinal Imaging for Improved Glaucoma Diagnosis and Treatment at JoVE.com

이 연구는 녹내장 연구 재단 Shaffer Grant, 4-CA Cavalier Collaborative Award, R01EY029121, R01EY035088 및 Knights Templar Eye Foundation의 지원을 받습니다.

모든 동물 시술은 버지니아 대학교의 기관 동물 관리 및 사용 위원회의 승인을 받았으며 미국 국립보건원(NIH)의 동물 사용 지침을 준수했습니다. 이 프로토콜에 사용되는 모든 재료, 시약 및 기기와 관련된 자세한 내용은 재료 표를 참조하십시오.
1. In vivo vis-OCT 이미징
<ol><li>vis-OCT 시스템<ol><li>480nm에서 650nm 사이의 가시광선 조명을 제공하는 ?...

마우스 Retina OCT Fibergram Alignment with Confocal Images

<ol>
	<li>Sernagor, E., Eglen, S. J., Wong, R. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+retinal+ganglion+cell+structure+and+function.">Development of retinal ganglion cell structure and function.</a> Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. 20 (2), 139-174 (2001).</li><li>Sanes, J. R., Masland, R. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+types+of+retinal+ganglion+cells:+current+status+and+implications+for+neuronal+classification.">The types of retinal ganglion cells: current status and implications for neuronal classification.</a> Annual Review of Neuroscience. 38, 221-246 (2015).</li><li>Seabrook, T. A., Burbridge, T. J., Crair, M. C., Huberman, A. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Architecture,+function,+and+assembly+of+the+mouse+visual+system.">Architecture, function, and assembly of the mouse visual system.</a> Annual Review of Neuroscience. 40, 499-538 (2017).</li><li>Cang, J., Savier, E., Barchini, J., Liu, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visual+function,+organization,+and+development+of+the+mouse+superior+colliculus.">Visual function, organization, and development of the mouse superior colliculus.</a> Annual Review of Vision Science. 4, 239-262 (2018).</li><li>Quigley, H. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Understanding+glaucomatous+optic+neuropathy:+the+synergy+between+clinical+observation+and+investigation.">Understanding glaucomatous optic neuropathy: the synergy between clinical observation and investigation.</a> Annual Review of Vision Science. 2, 235-254 (2016).</li><li>Whitmore, A. V., Libby, R. T., John, S. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glaucoma:+thinking+in+new+ways-a+role+for+autonomous+axonal+self-destruction+and+other+compartmentalised+processes.">Glaucoma: thinking in new ways-a role for autonomous axonal self-destruction and other compartmentalised processes.</a> Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. 24 (6), 639-662 (2005).</li><li>Syc-Mazurek, S. B., Libby, R. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Axon+injury+signaling+and+compartmentalized+injury+response+in+glaucoma.">Axon injury signaling and compartmentalized injury response in glaucoma.</a> Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. 73, 100769 (2019).</li><li>Puyang, Z., Chen, H., Liu, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Subtype-dependent+morphological+and+functional+degeneration+of+retinal+ganglion+cells+in+mouse+models+of+experimental+glaucoma.">Subtype-dependent morphological and functional degeneration of retinal ganglion cells in mouse models of experimental glaucoma.</a> Journal of Nature and Science. 1 (5), (2015).</li><li>Tatham, A. J., Medeiros, F. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detecting+structural+progression+in+glaucoma+with+optical+coherence+tomography.">Detecting structural progression in glaucoma with optical coherence tomography.</a> Ophthalmology. 124, S57-S65 (2017).</li><li>Shu, X., Beckmann, L., Zhang, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visible-light+optical+coherence+tomography:+a+review.">Visible-light optical coherence tomography: a review.</a> Journal of Biomedical Optics. 22 (12), 1-14 (2017).</li><li>Miller, D. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visible-light+optical+coherence+tomography+fibergraphy+for+quantitative+imaging+of+retinal+ganglion+cell+axon+bundles.">Visible-light optical coherence tomography fibergraphy for quantitative imaging of retinal ganglion cell axon bundles.</a> Translational Vision Science and Technology. 9 (11), (2020).</li><li>Beckmann, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+imaging+of+the+inner+retinal+layer+structure+in+mice+after+eye-opening+using+visible-light+optical+coherence+tomography.">In vivo imaging of the inner retinal layer structure in mice after eye-opening using visible-light optical coherence tomography.</a> Experimental Eye Research. 211, 108756 (2021).</li><li>Grannonico, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Global+and+regional+damages+in+retinal+ganglion+cell+axon+bundles+monitored+non-invasively+by+visible-light+optical+coherence+tomography+fibergraphy.">Global and regional damages in retinal ganglion cell axon bundles monitored non-invasively by visible-light optical coherence tomography fibergraphy.</a> Journal of Neuroscience. 41 (49), 10179-10193 (2021).</li><li>Allen-Worthington, K. H., Brice, A. K., Marx, J. O., Hankenson, F. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intraperitoneal+Injection+of+Ethanol+for+the+Euthanasia+of+Laboratory+Mice+(Mus+musculus)+and+Rats+(Rattus+norvegicus).">Intraperitoneal Injection of Ethanol for the Euthanasia of Laboratory Mice (Mus musculus) and Rats (Rattus norvegicus).</a> J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 54 (6), 769-778 (2015).</li><li>Boivin, G. P., Bottomley, M. A., Schiml, P. A., Goss, L., Grobe, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Physiologic,+Behavioral,+and+Histologic+Responses+to+Various+Euthanasia+Methods+in+C57BL/6NTac+Male+Mice.">Physiologic, Behavioral, and Histologic Responses to Various Euthanasia Methods in C57BL/6NTac Male Mice.</a> J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 56 (1), 69-78 (2017).</li><li>Chen, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Progressive+degeneration+of+retinal+and+superior+collicular+functions+in+mice+with+sustained+ocular+hypertension.">Progressive degeneration of retinal and superior collicular functions in mice with sustained ocular hypertension.</a> Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 56 (3), 1971-1984 (2015).</li><li>Feng, L., Chen, H., Suyeoka, G., Liu, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+laser-induced+mouse+model+of+chronic+ocular+hypertension+to+characterize+visual+defects.">A laser-induced mouse model of chronic ocular hypertension to characterize visual defects.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments: JoVE. 78 (78), (2013).</li><li>Gao, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+effects+of+experimental+glaucoma+on+intrinsically+photosensitive+retinal+ganglion+cells+in+mice.">Differential effects of experimental glaucoma on intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells in mice.</a> Journal of Comparative Neurology. 530 (9), 1494-1506 (2022).</li><li>Thomson, B. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Angiopoietin-1+knockout+mice+as+a+genetic+model+of+open-angle+glaucoma.">Angiopoietin-1 knockout mice as a genetic model of open-angle glaucoma.</a> Translational Vision Science and Technology. 9 (4), (2020).</li><li>Feng, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sustained+ocular+hypertension+induces+dendritic+degeneration+of+mouse+retinal+ganglion+cells+that+depends+on+cell+type+and+location.">Sustained ocular hypertension induces dendritic degeneration of mouse retinal ganglion cells that depends on cell type and location.</a> Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 54 (2), 1106-1117 (2013).</li><li>Grannonico, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Longitudinal+analysis+of+retinal+ganglion+cell+damage+at+individual+axon+bundle+level+in+mice+using+visible-light+optical+coherence+tomography+fibergraphy.">Longitudinal analysis of retinal ganglion cell damage at individual axon bundle level in mice using visible-light optical coherence tomography fibergraphy.</a> Translational Vision Science and Technology. 12 (5), (2023).</li></ol>

이 프로토콜에는 주의가 필요한 두 단계가 있습니다. 첫째, 동물이 깊은 마취 상태인지 확인하고 vis-OCT 영상 전에 눈이 완전히 확장되었는지 확인해야 합니다. 마우스가 적절하게 마취되지 않으면 빠른 호흡으로 인해 얼굴 이미지의 불안정한 움직임이 발생할 수 있으며, 이는 파이버그램의 품질에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있습니다. 또한 불충분한 팽창은 홍채가 빛을 차단하여 망막에 도?...

망막 신경절 세포(RGC)는 시각 정보 처리에 중요한 역할을 하며, 내부 망상층(IPL)의 수지상 나무를 통해 시냅스 입력을 받고 망막 신경 섬유층(RNFL)의 축삭을 통해 뇌로 정보를 전달합니다 1,2,3,4. 녹내장과 같은 질병이 있는 상태에서, 초기 망막 신경절 변성은 환자와 설치류 모델 모두에서 RNFL, 신경절 세포층(GCL), IPL 및 시신경에 미묘한 변화를 초래할 수 있다 5,6,7,8,9. 따라서 망막 신경절 세포의 이러한 형태학적 변화를 조기에 발견하는 것은 망막 신경절 세포와 시력 상실을 예방하기 위한 적시 개입에 필수적입니다.
당사는 최근 망막 신경절 손상의 생체 내 모니터링에 대한 요구를 충족시키기 위해 가시광선 광간섭 단층촬영(vis-OCT)이라는 새로운 임상 지원 영상 기술을 개발했습니다. Vis-OCT는 망막10,11에서 1.3μm에 도달하여 축 분해능을 개선하여 RNFL에서 개별 망막 신경절 축삭 다발을 시각화할 수 있었습니다. 이어서, 마우스(11,12,13)에서 단일 축삭돌기 다발 수준에서 망막 신경절 손상을 추적하고 정량화하기 위해 vis-OCT 섬유학(vis-OCTF)을 확립하였다. 그러나 황금 표준과 동일한 망막의 생체 외 공초점 이미징은 생체 내 결과를 검증하는 데 필요한 경우가 많습니다. 따라서 본 연구는 vis-OCTF로 획득한 in vivo 이미지를 동일한 마우스 망막의 ex vivo 컨포칼 이미지와 정렬하는 방법을 보여줍니다. 이 프로토콜은 생체 외 컨포칼 이미징을 통해 생체 내 결과를 검증하고 질병 상태에서 망막 신경절 손상의 기저에 있는 분자 및 세포 변화를 조사하기 위한 기반을 구축하는 것을 목표로 합니다.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Equipment</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Halo 100</td>
			<td>Opticent Health, Evanston, IL</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Zeiss LSM800 microscope</td>
			<td>Carl Zeiss</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Drugs and antibodies</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4% paraformaldehyde (PFA)</td>
			<td>Santz Cruz Biotechnology, SC-281692</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>1-2 drops</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine serum albumin powder</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific, BP9706-100</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>1:10</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Donkey anti Mouse Alexa Fluor 488 dye</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cat# A-21202</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>1:1,000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Donkey anti rat Alexa Fluor 594 dye</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cat# A-21209</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>1:1,000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Euthasol (a mixture of pentobarbital sodium (390 mg/mL) and phenytoin sodium (50 mg/mL))</td>
			<td>Covetrus, NDC 11695-4860-1</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>15.6 mg/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketamine</td>
			<td>Covetrus, NADA043304</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>114 mg/kg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse anti-Tuj1</td>
			<td>A gift from Anthony J. Spano, University of Virginia</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>1:200</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Normal donkey serum(NDS)</td>
			<td>Millipore Sigma, S30-100 mL</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>1:100</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, 10x), pH 7.4 
			(Contains 1370 mM NaCl, 27 mM KCl, 80 mM Na2HPO4, and 20 mM KH2PO4)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cat# J62036.K3</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>1:10</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rat anti-ICAM-2</td>
			<td>BD Pharmingen, Cat#553325</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>1:500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tropicamide drops&#160;</td>
			<td>Covetrus, NDC17478-102-12</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100 
			(Reagent Grade)</td>
			<td>VWR, CAS: 9002-93-1</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>1:20</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vectashield mounting medium</td>
			<td>Vector Laboratories Inc. H2000-10</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylazine</td>
			<td>Covetrus, NDC59399-110-20</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>17 mg/kg</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

alignment of visible-light optical coherence tomography fibergrams with confocal images of the same mouse retina

최근 몇 년 동안 생체 시스템 및 프로세스에 대한 비침습적, 실시간 및 종단 정보를 제공하는 생체 내 망막 영상이 안과 질환의 신경 손상에 대한 객관적인 평가를 얻기 위해 점점 더 많이 적용되고 있습니다. 동일한 망막의 생체 외 공초점 이미징은 특히 동물 연구에서 생체 내 결과를 검증하는 데 필요한 경우가 많습니다. 이 연구에서는 생쥐 망막의 생체 외 공초점 이미지를 생체 내 이미지와 정렬하는 방법을 시연했습니다. 가시광선 광간섭 단층 촬영 섬유촬영(vis-OCTF)이라는 새로운 임상 준비 이미징 기술을 적용하여 생쥐 망막의 생체 내 이미지를 획득했습니다. 그런 다음 "골드 스탠다드"와 동일한 망막의 컨포칼 이미징을 수행하여 in vivo vis-OCTF 이미지를 검증했습니다. 이 연구는 분자 및 세포 메커니즘에 대한 추가 연구를 가능하게 할 뿐만 아니라 생체 내 신경 손상에 대한 민감하고 객관적인 평가를 위한 기반을 마련합니다.

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) play a critical role in visual information processing, receiving synaptic inputs through their dendritic trees in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) and transmitting the information via their axons in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) to the brain1,2,3,4. In diseased conditions such as glaucoma, early RGC degeneration may result in subtle changes in the RNFL, the ganglion cell layer (GCL), the IPL, and the optic nerve in both patients and rodent models5,6,7,8,9. Early detection of these morphological changes in RGCs is thus essential for timely intervention to prevent RGC and vision loss.
We have recently developed a new clinical-ready imaging technology called visible-light optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT) to satisfy the need for in vivo monitoring of RGC damage. Vis-OCT improved the axial resolution, reaching 1.3 &#181;m in the retina10, 11, allowing for the visualization of individual RGC axon bundles in the RNFL. Subsequently, vis-OCT fibergraphy (vis-OCTF) was established to track and quantify RGC damage at the single axon bundle level in mice11,12,13. However, ex vivo confocal imaging of the same retina as the gold standard is often necessary to validate the in vivo findings. Therefore, this study will demonstrate how to align in vivo images acquired by vis-OCTF with ex vivo confocal images of the same mouse retina. The protocol aims to validate the in vivo findings by ex vivo confocal imaging and establish a foundation for examining the molecular and cellular changes underlying RGC damage in diseased conditions.

저자 스포트라이트: 녹내장 진단 및 치료 개선을 위한 In Vivo 및 Ex Vivo 망막 영상의 발전 

Align of Visible-Light Optical Coherence Tomography Fibergrams with Confocal Images of the Same Mouse Retina(가시광선 광간섭 단층 촬영 파이버그램과 동일한 마우스 망막의 컨포칼 이미지 정렬)

We present a protocol for aligning in vivo VIS-OCT images with ex vivo immunostained retinal nerve fibers to validate our novel imaging technology. VIS-OCT enables visualization of retinal nerve fibers in vivo, and this process confirms the accuracy of our findings. Our protocol combines in vivo and ex vivo imaging to provide a real time visualization of retina structure and confirm findings.The process is applicable to mouse models of eye diseases, provided the anterior eye portion allows for optical imaging. This includes diabetic retinopathy and retinal ischemia models. These studies lay the foundation for establishing an objective evaluation of neuro damage in humans, which can significantly improve glaucoma diagnosis and treatment in the future.

복합 vis-OCT 파이버그램은 망막 신경절 축삭돌기에 대해 Tuj-1로 면역염색된 평판 장착 망막의 해당 컨포칼 이미지와 비교됩니다(그림 1D, 상단 패널). vis-OCTF로 이미징된 축삭 다발은 공초점 이미지에서 Tu-j1 표지된 축삭 다발과 일치시킬 수 있습니다. 혈관은 일반적으로 섬유그램 이미지에서 주변 축삭 다발과 비교하여 구별 가능한 분지 구조를 나타내며, 이는 공초점 이미지?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Advancements in In Vivo and Ex Vivo Retinal Imaging for Improved Glaucoma Diagnosis and Treatment at JoVE.com

본 프로토콜은 in vivo 이미지에서 관찰된 망막 신경절 세포 축삭 다발 형태를 검증하기 위한 목적으로 in vivo 가시광선 광간섭 단층 촬영 fibergraphy(vis-OCTF) 이미지를 동일한 마우스 망막의 ex vivo 공초점 이미지와 정렬하는 단계를 설명합니다.

In recent years, in vivo retinal imaging, which provides non-invasive, real-time, and longitudinal information about biological systems and processes, has ...

새로운 이미징 기술을 검증하기 위해 in vivo VIS-OCT 이미지를 ex vivo 면역염색 망막 신경 섬유와 정렬하기 위한 프로토콜을 제시합니다. VIS-OCT는 생체 내 망막 신경 섬유의 시각화를 가능하게 하며, 이 과정을 통해 연구 결과의 정확성을 확인할 수 있습니다. 당사의 프로토콜은 in vivo 및 ex vivo 이미징을 결합하여 망막 구조의 실시간 시각화를 제공하고 결과를 확인합니다.이 과정은 눈 앞쪽 부분이 광학 이미징을 허용하는 경우 안과 질환의 마우스 모델에 적용할 수 있습니다. 여기에는 당뇨병성 망막병증 및 망막 허혈 모델이 포함됩니다. 이러한 연구는 인간의 신경 손상에 대한 객관적인 평가를 확립하기 위한 토대를 마련하여 향후 녹내장 진단 및 치료를 크게 개선할 수 있습니다.

alignment-visible-light-optical-coherence-tomography-fibergrams-with

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Alignment of Visible-Light Optical Coherence Tomography Fibergrams with Confocal Images of the Same Mouse Retina

In recent years, in vivo retinal imaging, which provides non-invasive, real-time, and longitudinal information about biological systems and processes, has been increasingly applied to obtain an objective assessment of neural damage in eye diseases. Ex vivo confocal imaging of the same retina is often necessary to validate the in vivo findings especially in animal research. In this study, we demonstrated a method for aligning an ex vivo confocal image of the mouse retina with its in vivo images. A new clinical-ready imaging technology called visible light optical coherence tomography fibergraphy (vis-OCTF) was applied to acquire in vivo images of the mouse retina. We then performed the confocal imaging of the same retina as the &#34;gold standard&#34; to validate the in vivo vis-OCTF images. This study not only enables further investigation of the molecular and cellular mechanisms but also establishes a foundation for a sensitive and objective evaluation of neural damage in vivo.

The present protocol outlines the steps for aligning in vivo visible-light optical coherence tomography fibergraphy (vis-OCTF) images with ex vivo confocal images of the same mouse retina for the purpose of verifying the observed retinal ganglion cell axon bundle morphology in the in vivo images.

연구

신경과학

In Vivo Visible Light Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Mouse Retinal Imaging

Start by positioning the anesthetized mouse on the animal holder and securing it with two Velcro straps. Turn on the computer and open the software to activate the laser. Adjust the animal holder to center the laser in the mouse's eye.Visualize the posterior part through an on-face preview, the field of view of the superficial vascular plexus, a B scan, and the retina cross-section within the field of view. Acquire a visible light optical coherence tomography, or vis-OCT volume after making minor adjustments to the optical focus. Align the optical nerve head in each of the four corners of the field of view to cover different retinal areas.Use an intensity-based threshold method to detect the retina surface, and generate vis-OCT fiber grams from the volume. Crop the retinal nerve fiber layer, or RNFL, by selecting the first 16 micrometers depth. Next, calculate the mean intensity projection along the axial direction to generate the fiber gram image composed of retinal ganglion cell axon bundles and surrounding vasculature.Align the blood vessels using a graphics editor to montage the four images post-processing. The composite vis-OCT fiber gram is compared with the corresponding confocal image of flat-mounted retina immunostained with TUJ1 for RGC axons. Blood vessels exhibit distinguishable branching structures which can be matched with the ICAM II labeled blood vessels on the confocal image.Side-by-side comparison between ex vivo confocal microscopy and in vivo vis-OCT revealed identical RGC exon bundle networks and surrounding retinal vasculature.

In Vivo 가시광선 광간섭 단층촬영(OCT) 마우스 망막 이미징

Ex Vivo Confocal Imaging of Mouse Retina

Enucleate the eyes of a euthanized mouse, marking the temporal side for orientation purposes. Remove the anterior chamber. Then remove the lens and vitreous and place eye cups in paraformaldehyde for 30 minutes.Wash eye cups with PBS for 30 minutes. Replacing the solution three times. Then, wash with 0.5%Triton X-100 for 30 minutes.Incubate eye cups in the blocking buffer for two hours at room temperature. After immunostaining, isolate the retinas from the eye cups using a microscope. Divide the retinas into four leaves and flat mount them with the retinal ganglion cell layer facing up.Ensure the mark on the temporal side remains attached for orientation. Cover the retinas with mounting medium. Place cover slips.And seal the slides using nail polish. Turn on the confocal microscope and under Locate mode, find the area of interest using the eye piece. Switch to Acquisition mode and set up tiles to cover the entire retina, along with Z-Stack slices for all layers of information.Image at least 25 tiles across the whole retina to achieve a total volume. Project the Z-Stack slices to generate two-dimensional on-face confocal microscopy images. The composite vis-OCT fibergram is compared with the corresponding confocal image of flat mounted retina immunostained with TuJ1 for RGC axons.Blood vessels exhibit distinguishable branching structures which can be matched with the ICAM-2 labeled blood vessels on the confocal image. Side-by-side comparison between ex vivo confocal microscopy and in vivo vis-OCT revealed identical RGC axon bundle networks and surrounding retinal vasculature.

생쥐 망막의 Ex Vivo 컨포칼 이미징

Alignment of In Vivo and Ex Vivo Mouse Retinal Images

Start by creating a composite image using the four obtained images from each mouse. Utilize a graphics editor to align all the blood vessels, employ the optic nerve head and blood vessel patterns as landmarks for aligning the composite fiber gram overlap the composite images and the confocal images of the same retina stained with ICAM2, to achieve in vivo and ex vivo alignment. The composite vis-oct fiber gram is compared with the corresponding confocal image of flat mounted retina.Immuno stain with TUJ1 for RGC axons. Blood vessels exhibit distinguishable branching structures which can be matched with the ICAM2 labeled blood vessels on the confocal image. Side-by-side comparison between ex vivo confocal microscopy and in vivo vis-oct revealed identical RGC Axon bundle networks and surrounding retinal vasculature.