<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Kronik Daralma Sıçanlarında Tuina Tedavisinin Ağrı Kesicisinin Değerlendirilmesi

<ol>
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F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tuina+for+peripherally-induced+neuropathic+pain:+A+review+of+analgesic+mechanism.">Tuina for peripherally-induced neuropathic pain: A review of analgesic mechanism.</a> Front Neurosci. 16, 1096734 (2022).</li><li>Lv, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Using+RNA-seq+to+explore+the+repair+mechanism+of+the+three+methods+and+three-acupoint+technique+on+DRGs+in+sciatic+nerve+injured+rats.">Using RNA-seq to explore the repair mechanism of the three methods and three-acupoint technique on DRGs in sciatic nerve injured rats.</a> Pain Res Manag. 2020, 7531409 (2020).</li><li>Xing, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MZF1+in+the+dorsal+root+ganglia+contributes+to+the+development+and+maintenance+of+neuropathic+pain+via+regulation+of+TRPV1.">MZF1 in the dorsal root ganglia contributes to the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain via regulation of TRPV1.</a> Neural Plast. 2019, 2782417 (2019).</li><li>Cohen, S. P., Mao, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuropathic+pain:+mechanisms+and+their+clinical+implications.">Neuropathic pain: mechanisms and their clinical implications.</a> BMJ. 348, 7656 (2014).</li><li>Tao, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+Bo'fa+method+on+the+expression+of+IL-1&#946;+in+peripheral+serum+and+5-HT2A+in+spinal+cord+of+CCI+model+rats.">Effect of Bo'fa method on the expression of IL-1&#946; in peripheral serum and 5-HT2A in spinal cord of CCI model rats.</a> Global Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10, 905-909 (2017).</li><li>Yang, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Study+on+curative+effect+of+Duhuo+Jisheng+decoction+combined+with+Tuina+in+patients+with+lumbar+disc+herniation+and+changes+of+TXB2,+TNF-&#945;+and+IL-1&#946;.">Study on curative effect of Duhuo Jisheng decoction combined with Tuina in patients with lumbar disc herniation and changes of TXB2, TNF-&#945; and IL-1&#946;.</a> Chin Arch Tradit Chin Med. 38, 44-46 (2020).</li><li>Yao, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+acupressure+at+'Shenshu'+(BL+23)on+lumbar+intervertebral+disc+degeneration+and+related+pain+in+aging+rats.">Effects of acupressure at 'Shenshu' (BL 23)on lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration and related pain in aging rats.</a> Chin J Tradit Chin Med Pharm. 37, 4360-4365 (2022).</li><li>Wang, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exploring+the+mechanism+of+immediate+analgesic+effect+of+1-time+tuina+intervention+in+minor+chronic+constriction+injury+rats+using+RNA-seq.">Exploring the mechanism of immediate analgesic effect of 1-time tuina intervention in minor chronic constriction injury rats using RNA-seq.</a> Front Neurosci. 16, 1007432 (2022).</li><li>Yao, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exploring+the+mechanism+of+tuina-induced+central+analgesia+in+rats+with+lumbar+disc+herniation+based+on+the+p38MAPK+signaling+pathway.">Exploring the mechanism of tuina-induced central analgesia in rats with lumbar disc herniation based on the p38MAPK signaling pathway.</a> Chin J Tradit Chin Med Pharm. 38 (07), 3348-3352 (2023).</li><li>Li, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Study+on+the+effects+of+modified+Chuanqianghuo+Decoction+combined+with+tuina+and+physiotherapy+on+shoulder+joint+function+and+inflammation+in+patients+with+shoulder+joint+pain.">Study on the effects of modified Chuanqianghuo Decoction combined with tuina and physiotherapy on shoulder joint function and inflammation in patients with shoulder joint pain.</a> New Chinese Medicine. 54 (13), 93-97 (2022).</li><li>Ding, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinical+efficacy+of+acupuncture+and+moxibustion,+tuina+and+external+application+of+traditional+Chinese+medicine+on+lumbar+disc+herniation+and+serum+TXB2,+IL-1&#946;,+Comparison+of+IL-10+levels.">Clinical efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion, tuina and external application of traditional Chinese medicine on lumbar disc herniation and serum TXB2, IL-1&#946;, Comparison of IL-10 levels.</a> Advances in Modern Biomedicine. 21 (14), 2730-2734 (2021).</li><li>Bennett, G. J., Xie, Y. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+peripheral+mononeuropathy+in+rat+that+produces+disorders+of+pain+sensation+like+those+seen+in+man.">A peripheral mononeuropathy in rat that produces disorders of pain sensation like those seen in man.</a> Pain. 33, 87-107 (1988).</li><li>Grace, P. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+animal+model+of+graded+neuropathic+pain:+Utility+to+investigate+mechanisms+of+population+heterogeneity.">A novel animal model of graded neuropathic pain: Utility to investigate mechanisms of population heterogeneity.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 193, 47-53 (2010).</li><li>Wang, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+the+characteristics+of+minor+and+classic+CCI+models.">Comparison of the characteristics of minor and classic CCI models.</a> J Chin J Comp Med. 32 (10), 1-7 (2022).</li><li>Zhang, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> An intelligent massage and tuina technique simulator. , (2023).</li><li>. Effects of three methods and three points stimulation on sensory function in rats with sciatic nerve injury Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://kns.cnki.net">https://kns.cnki.net</a> (2017)</li><li>Grace, P. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adoptive+transfer+of+peripheral+immune+cells+potentiates+allodynia+in+a+graded+chronic+constriction+injury+model+of+neuropathic+pain.">Adoptive transfer of peripheral immune cells potentiates allodynia in a graded chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain.</a> Brain Behav Immun. 25 (3), 503-513 (2011).</li><li>MacDonald, D. I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Silent+cold-sensing+neurons+contribute+to+cold+allodynia+in+neuropathic.">Silent cold-sensing neurons contribute to cold allodynia in neuropathic.</a> Brain. 144 (6), 1711-1726 (2021).</li><li>Pan, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chinese+tuina+downregulates+the+elevated+levels+of+tissue+plasminogen+activator+in+sciatic+nerve+injured+Sprague-Dawley+rats.">Chinese tuina downregulates the elevated levels of tissue plasminogen activator in sciatic nerve injured Sprague-Dawley rats.</a> Chinese J Integr Med. 23 (8), 617-624 (2017).</li><li>Lv, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+investigation+into+the+rehabilitative+mechanism+of+tuina+in+the+treatment+of+sciatic+nerve+injury.">An investigation into the rehabilitative mechanism of tuina in the treatment of sciatic nerve injury.</a> Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020, 5859298 (2020).</li><li>Lv, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Applying+RNA+sequencing+technology+to+explore+repair+mechanism+of+Tuina+on+gastrocnemius+muscle+in+sciatic+nerve+injury+rats.">Applying RNA sequencing technology to explore repair mechanism of Tuina on gastrocnemius muscle in sciatic nerve injury rats.</a> Chin Med J. 135 (19), 2378-2379 (2022).</li><li>Ruan, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+effective+and+concise+device+for+detecting+cold+allodynia+in+mice.">An effective and concise device for detecting cold allodynia in mice.</a> Sci Rep. 8 (1), 14002 (2018).</li><li>Kim, S. O., Kim, H. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Berberine+ameliorates+cold+and+mechanical+allodynia+in+a+rat+model+of+diabetic+neuropathy.">Berberine ameliorates cold and mechanical allodynia in a rat model of diabetic neuropathy.</a> J Med Food. 16 (6), 511-517 (2013).</li><li>Deuis, J. R., Dvorakova, L. S., Vetter, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methods+used+to+evaluate+pain+behaviors+in+rodents.">Methods used to evaluate pain behaviors in rodents.</a> Front Mol Neurosci. 10, 284 (2017).</li><li>Ruscheweyh, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+potentiation+in+spinal+nociceptive+pathways+as+a+novel+target+for+pain+therapy.">Long-term potentiation in spinal nociceptive pathways as a novel target for pain therapy.</a> Mol Pain. 7, 20 (2011).</li><li>Hargreaves, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+and+sensitive+method+for+measuring+thermal+nociception+in+cutaneous+hyperalgesia.">A new and sensitive method for measuring thermal nociception in cutaneous hyperalgesia.</a> Pain. 32 (1), 77-88 (1988).</li><li>Cheah, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assesment+of+thermal+pain+sensation+in+rats+and+mice+using+the+hargreaves+test.">Assesment of thermal pain sensation in rats and mice using the hargreaves test.</a> Bio Protoc. 7 (16), 2506 (2017).</li><li>Challa, S. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surgical+animal+models+of+neuropathic+pain:+pros+and+cons.">Surgical animal models of neuropathic pain: pros and cons.</a> Int J Neurosci. 125 (3), 170-174 (2015).</li></ol>

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Anesthesia machine</td>
			<td>Ruiwode Life Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China</td>
			<td>R500</td>
			<td>Animal respiratory anesthesia related equipment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chromic intestinal suture</td>
			<td>Shandong Boda Medical Products Co., Ltd., China</td>
			<td>BD210903</td>
			<td>An absorbable surgical suture mainly made from collagen protein processed from the intestines of healthy young goats</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electronic Von Frey instrument</td>
			<td>Bioseb, USA</td>
			<td>BIO-EVF5</td>
			<td>An instrument for detecting mechanical withdrawal threshold</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Intelligent cold and hot plate pain detector</td>
			<td>Anhui Zhenghua Biological Instrument Equipment Co., Ltd,China.</td>
			<td>ZH-6C</td>
			<td>An instrument for detecting cold sensitivity threshold</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>Ruiwode Life Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China</td>
			<td>R510-22-10</td>
			<td>An anesthetic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Multi-function full-wavelength microplate reader</td>
			<td>Molecular Devices (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>SpectraMax M2</td>
			<td>An instrument for detecting optical density (OD)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermal analgesia device</td>
			<td>Chengdu Techman Software Co., Ltd., China</td>
			<td>PL-200</td>
			<td>An instrument for detecting thermal withdrawal latency</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

characteristics of pain changes in rats with nerve injury within 24 hours after one-time tuina intervention

Peripheral neuropathic pain (pNP) refers to pain caused by a lesion or disease of the peripheral somatosensory nervous system, manifested as a series of symptoms and signs, with hyperalgesia as one of the main symptoms1,2. Hyperalgesia is a heightened experience of pain caused by a noxious stimulus, including pinprick, cold, and heat3. Large epidemiological studies have been conducted, which show pNP is the most common, with a prevalence rate of 6.9%-10% in neuropathic pain4. pNP can be caused by multiple diseases, including injury of the nerve, postherpetic neuralgia, painful diabetic polyneuropathy, multiple sclerosis, stroke, cancer, etc.5. Nowadays, the main method for treating pNP is medication, but the effect is not ideal; and the side effects are significant, which is the main reason for the high economic burden on individuals and society6.
Tuina is a green, economical, safe, and effective external treatment method of traditional Chinese medicine7. Many clinical studies have proven the analgesic effect of tuina on pNP, and basic studies have verified the immediate and cumulative analgesic effects of tuina8,9. The main cumulative analgesic mechanism of tuina is to reduce the levels of inflammatory factors and inhibit the activation of glial cells10,11. The previous research confirmed the cumulative analgesic effect of tuina and found differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal dorsal horn (SDH) of rats with sciatic nerve injury after 20 times of tuina treatment, mainly related to protein binding, pressure response, and neuronal projection12. In recent studies, it has been confirmed that tuina has an immediate analgesic effect and that 1-time tuina intervention could alleviate the hyperalgesia of minor CCI rats and especially ease thermal hyperalgesia more effectively13. However, the optimal time point for the analgesic effect of tuina may vary depending on the injury sensation (cold, heat, mechanical), affecting the exploration of the initiation mechanism of tuina analgesia.
Inflammatory mediators can sensitize and activate pain receptors, leading to decreased discharge thresholds and ectopic discharges, thereby contributing to peripheral sensitization14,15. After peripheral nerve injury, TNF-&#945; is an initiator of the inflammatory response, which can promote the synthesis of inflammatory factors such as IL-10 and IL-1&#946;, causing direct tissue inflammatory injury, stimulating local nerve endings, and causing pain16,17,18. Tuina can achieve analgesic effects by reducing the expression of inflammatory factors such as TNF-&#945;, IL-10, IL-6, and IL-1&#946;19,20,21. The study selected minor CCI model rats to simulate clinical pNP and selected different time points for behavioral testing of cold, thermal, and mechanical stimulation pain after a 1-time tuina intervention by cold sensitivity threshold (CST), mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT), thermal withdrawal latency (TWL), and choose IL-10 and TNF-&#945; in the serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in order to select the time point at which the analgesic effect of tuina is significant, providing a basis for the study of the initiation mechanism of tuina analgesia in the later stage.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Yazar Spotlight: Sinir Yaralanması Olan Sıçanlarda 'Üç Yöntemli ve Üç Akupunktur Noktası' Tuina Analjezisinin Başlatma Mekanizmasının Araştırılması

Tek Seferlik Tuina Müdahalesinden Sonra 24 Saat İçinde Sinir Yaralanması Olan Sıçanlarda Ağrı Değişikliklerinin Özellikleri

Our research scope belonged to the efficacy verification and the mechanism exploration of tuina therapy for neuropathic pain. We want to answer the effectiveness of tuina through animal experiments, providing scientific evidence for the analgesic efficacy of tuina in clinical practice. At present, RNA sequencing, calcium imaging, and the molecular biology technologies are used to promote further research in this field.The analgesic efficacy of tuina, within 24 hours after intervention, is significantly different at different time points. This provides a scientific basis for selecting appropriate behavioral time points and sampling for further molecular mechanism exploration in the later study of the initiation mechanism of the Three-Method and Three-Acupoint"tuina analgesia. The research protocol further validates the immediate and sustained analgesic effects of Three-Method and Three-Acupoint"tuina technique and provide a more accurate time point for exploring the initiation mechanism of tuina analgesia in the later stage.In subsequent research, we will continue to focus on exploring the initiation mechanism of analgesia by tuina in order to provide scientific evidence for clinical tuina treatment of neuropathic pain-related diseases.

Read this Scientific Article Protocol about Author Spotlight: Exploring the Initiation Mechanism of 'Three-Method and Three-Acupoint' Tuina Analgesia in Rats with Nerve Injury at JoVE.com

Tuina, as an external treatment method of traditional Chinese medicine, has been proven to have an analgesic effect on peripheral neuropathic pain (pNP) ...

characteristics-pain-changes-rats-with-nerve-injury-within-24-hours

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Characteristics of Pain Changes in Rats with Nerve Injury Within 24 hours After One-Time Tuina Intervention

303 Views.  Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Our research scope belonged to the efficacy verification and the mechanism exploration of tuina therapy for neuropathic pain. We want to answer the effectiveness of tuina through animal experiments, providing scientific evidence for the analgesic efficacy of tuina in clinical practice. At present, RNA sequencing, calcium imaging, and the molecular biology technologies are used to promote further research in this field.The analgesic efficacy of tuina, within 24 hours after intervention,...