To begin, perform a patient health check, reaffirming his consent and health conditions. Prepare and check any medications such as sedatives. Place the patient in a lateral decubitus position on a pillow, effusion side up, and ensure patient vital
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Local anesthetic thoracoscopy (LAT) is essential for diagnosing recurrent, undiagnosed pleural effusion when a guideline-based workup fails to provide a specific cause. LAT can be performed as a day-case procedure by chest physicians. Here, we present a step-by-step approach for a successful and safe procedure.