Name: Yazar Spotlight: Drosophila nöromüsküler kavşaklarında mikrotübül ağını anlamak
Uploaded: 2023-10-20T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Understanding Microtubule Network in Drosophila Neuromuscular Junctions at JoVE.com

Dr. Ying Xiong'a el yazması hakkındaki tartışmalar ve yorumlar için teşekkür ederiz. Bu çalışma, Çin Ulusal Bilim Vakfı'ndan (NSFC) C. M.'ye (31500839) verilen bir hibe ile desteklenmektedir.

1. Larvaların diseksiyonu
NOT: Diseksiyon solüsyonu hemolenf benzeri salin (HL3.1)18 ve sabitleme solüsyonu %4 paraformaldehit (PFA)19,20 oda sıcaklığında kullanılır, çünkü sıcaklık çok düşük olduğunda mikrotübüller depolimerize olur.
<ol><li>Uzun künt forsepsli dolaşan bir 3. instar larvası seçin. HL3.1 ile yıkayın ve stereomikroskop altında diseksiyon k...

Drosophila Nöromüsküler Kavşaklarda ve Kas Hücrelerinde Mikrotübül Ağlarının Görüntülenmesi

<ol>
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S., Bate, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+the+embryonic+neuromuscular+synapse+of+Drosophila+melanogaster.">Development of the embryonic neuromuscular synapse of Drosophila melanogaster.</a> The Journal of neuroscience: the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 13 (1), 144-166 (1993).</li><li>Xiong, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=HDAC6+mutations+rescue+human+tau-induced+microtubule+defects+in+Drosophila.">HDAC6 mutations rescue human tau-induced microtubule defects in Drosophila.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 110 (12), 4604-4609 (2013).</li><li>Sullivan, W., Ashburner, M., Hawley, R. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Drosophila Protocols. , (2000).</li><li>Mao, C. X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microtubule-severing+protein+Katanin+regulates+neuromuscular+junction+development+and+dendritic+elaboration+in+Drosophila.">Microtubule-severing protein Katanin regulates neuromuscular junction development and dendritic elaboration in Drosophila.</a> Development. 141 (5), 1064-1074 (2014).</li><li>Jin, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Drosophila+Tubulin-specific+chaperone+E+functions+at+neuromuscular+synapses+and+is+required+for+microtubule+network+formation.">Drosophila Tubulin-specific chaperone E functions at neuromuscular synapses and is required for microtubule network formation.</a> Development. 136 (9), 1571-1581 (2009).</li><li>Sarthi, J., Elefant, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=dTip60+HAT+activity+controls+synaptic+bouton+expansion+at+the+Drosophila+neuromuscular+junction.">dTip60 HAT activity controls synaptic bouton expansion at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction.</a> PloS one. 6 (10), 26202 (2011).</li><li>Weingarten, M. D., Lockwood, A. H., Hwo, S. Y., Kirschner, M. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+protein+factor+essential+for+microtubule+assembly.">A protein factor essential for microtubule assembly.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 72 (5), 1858-1862 (1975).</li><li>Kadavath, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tau+stabilizes+microtubules+by+binding+at+the+interface+between+tubulin+heterodimers.">Tau stabilizes microtubules by binding at the interface between tubulin heterodimers.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 112 (24), 7501-7506 (2015).</li><li>Trotta, N., Orso, G., Rossetto, M. 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Burada Drosophila larva nöromüsküler kavşaklarının ve kas hücrelerinin diseksiyonu ve immün boyanması için bir protokol tanımlanmıştır. Dikkate alınması gereken birkaç önemli nokta vardır. İlk olarak, diseksiyon işlemi sırasında gözlemlenen kasların yaralanmasını önlemek çok önemlidir. Forseps ve kaslar arasında doğrudan teması önlemek için iç organları çıkarmadan önce filetoyu sabitlemeye değer olabilir. Kas hasarını veya larva epidermisinden ayrılmayı önlemek için...

Hücre iskeletinin yapısal bileşenlerinden biri olan mikrotübüller (MT'ler), hücre bölünmesi, hücre büyümesi ve hareketliliği, hücre içi taşıma ve hücre şeklinin korunması dahil olmak üzere çeşitli biyolojik süreçlerde önemli bir rol oynar. Mikrotübül dinamikleri ve işlevi, MAP1, MAP2, Tau, Katanin ve Kinesin 1,2,3,4,5 gibi diğer proteinlerle etkileşimlerle modüle edilir.
Nöronlarda, mikrotübüller aksonların ve dendritlerin gelişimi ve bakımı için gereklidir. Mikrotübüllerdeki anormallikler işlev bozukluğuna ve hatta nöronların ölümüne yol açar. Örneğin, Alzheimer hastalarının beyninde, Tau protein hiperfosforilasyonu, mikrotübül ağının stabilitesini azaltarak nörolojik düzensizliklere neden olur6. Bu nedenle, mikrotübül ağlarının incelenmesi, nörogelişimin ve nörolojik hastalıkların patogenezinin anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunacaktır.
Nöromüsküler kavşak (NMJ), sinaptik yapı ve işlevleri incelemek için mükemmel ve güçlü bir model sistem olan bir motor nöron akson terminali ile bir kas lifi arasında oluşan periferik sinapstır7. Futsch, Drosophila'da memelilerde bulunan mikrotübül bağlayıcı protein MAP1B'ye homolog olan bir proteindir8. Sadece nöronlarda eksprese edilir ve NMJ'nin sinaptik düğmeleriningelişiminde rol oynar 8,9. Yabani tipte, NMJ işlemlerinin merkezi boyunca uzanan filamentli demetler, anti-Futsch ile immün boyama ile görselleştirilir. NMJ'nin sonuna ulaştığında, bu demet ya mikrotübüllerden oluşan bir halka oluşturma ya da ipliksi yapısını kaybetme yeteneğine sahiptir, bu da dağınık ve noktasal bir görünümeneden olur 10. Mikrotübül döngüleri, duraklatılmış büyüme konileri ile ilişkilidir, bu da mikrotübül dizisinin kararlıolduğunu gösterir 11. Bu nedenle, NMJ'deki kararlı mikrotübül gelişimini Futsch boyama ile dolaylı olarak belirleyebiliriz. Drosophila larvasındaki büyük kas hücreleri, mikrotübül ağının net bir şekilde görüntülenmesini sağlar. Mikrotübül ağının stabilitesini etkileyen faktörler, mikrotübüllerin yoğunluğu ve şekli analiz edilerek bulunabilir. Aynı zamanda, kas hücrelerinin mikrotübül ağ durumu, daha kapsamlı sonuçlar elde etmek için NMJ sonucu ile çapraz doğrulanabilir.
Mikrotübüllerin ağını ve dinamiklerini araştırmak için birçok protokol kullanılmıştır. Ancak bu araştırmalar sıklıkla in vitro çalışmalaraodaklanmıştır 12,13,14,15,16. Alternatif olarak, bazı in vivo deneylerde hücre iskeletini tespit etmek için elektron mikroskobukullanılmıştır 17. Floresan etiketli antikorların veya kimyasal boyaların proteinlere veya DNA'ya spesifik bağlanmasına göre, burada sunulan yöntemler, NMJ'deki mikrotübül ağlarının in vivo olarak bireysel nöronlar düzeyinde saptanmasına izin verir ve sonuçlar kas hücrelerindeki gözlemlerle doğrulanır. Bu protokol, Drosophila melanogaster'de bulunan güçlü genetik araçlarla birleştirildiğinde basit, kararlı ve tekrarlanabilir olup, mikrotübül ağ düzenleyici proteinlerin sinir sistemindeki rolü için çok çeşitli fenotipik incelemelere ve genetik taramalara olanak tanır.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor Plus 405 phalloidin</td>
			<td>invitrogen</td>
			<td>A30104</td>
			<td>dilute 1:200</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Enhanced Antifade Mounting Medium</td>
			<td>Beyotime</td>
			<td>P0128M</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FV10-ASW confocal microscope</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat anti-Mouse antibody, Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>A-11001</td>
			<td>dilute 1:1,000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laser confocal microscope LSM 710</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro Scissors</td>
			<td>66vision</td>
			<td>54138B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse anti-Futsch antibody</td>
			<td>Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>22C10</td>
			<td>dilute 1:50</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse anti-&#945;-tubulin antibody</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>T5168</td>
			<td>dilute 1:1,000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>Wako</td>
			<td>168-20955</td>
			<td>Final concentration: 4% in PB Buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stainless Steel Minutien Pins</td>
			<td>Entomoravia</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>0.1mm Diam</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereomicroscope SMZ161</td>
			<td>Motic</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>stereoscopic fluorescence microscope BX41</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Texas Red-conjugated goat anti-HRP</td>
			<td>Jackson ImmunoResearch</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>dilute 1:100</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TO-PRO(R) 3 iodide</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>T3605</td>
			<td>dilute 1:1,000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Transfer decoloring shaker TS-8</td>
			<td>Kylin-Bell lab instruments</td>
			<td>E0018</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TritonX-100</td>
			<td>BioFroxx</td>
			<td>1139</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tweezers&#160;</td>
			<td>dumont</td>
			<td>500342</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

using drosophila larval neuromuscular junction and muscle cells to visualize microtubule network

Mikrotübül ağı, sinir sisteminin önemli bir bileşenidir. Birçok mikrotübül düzenleyici proteindeki mutasyonlar nörogelişimsel bozukluklar ve nörolojik hastalıklarla ilişkilidir, örneğin mikrotübül ile ilişkili protein Tau nörodejeneratif hastalıklara, mikrotübül ayırıcı protein Spastin ve Katanin 60 sırasıyla kalıtsal spastik paraplejiye ve nörogelişimsel anormalliklere neden olur. Nöronlardaki mikrotübül ağlarının saptanması, nörolojik bozuklukların patogenezinin aydınlatılmasında avantajlıdır. Bununla birlikte, nöronların küçük boyutu ve aksonal mikrotübül demetlerinin yoğun düzenlenmesi, mikrotübül ağlarını görselleştirmeyi zorlaştırır. Bu çalışmada, larva nöromüsküler kavşağı ve kas hücrelerinin diseksiyonunun yanı sıra Drosophila melanogaster'deki mikrotübül ağlarını görselleştirmek için α-tübülin ve mikrotübül ile ilişkili protein Futsch'un immün boyaması için bir yöntem tanımlanmıştır. Nöromüsküler kavşak, hem sinaptik öncesi hem de sonrası mikrotübülleri gözlemlememize izin verir ve Drosophila larvasındaki büyük kas hücreleri, mikrotübül ağının net bir şekilde görüntülenmesini sağlar. Burada, Drosophila melanogaster'de Katanin 60'ı mutasyona uğratarak ve aşırı eksprese ederek ve daha sonra nöromüsküler kavşak ve kas hücrelerindeki mikrotübül ağlarını inceleyerek, Katanin 60'ın nörogelişimdeki düzenleyici rolünü doğru bir şekilde ortaya koyuyoruz. Bu nedenle, Drosophila melanogaster'in güçlü genetik araçlarıyla birleştiğinde, bu protokol, sinir sistemindeki mikrotübül ağı düzenleyici proteinlerin rolü için genetik taramayı ve mikrotübül dinamiği analizini büyük ölçüde kolaylaştırır.

Microtubules (MTs), as one of the structural components of the cytoskeleton, play an important role in diverse biological processes, including cell division, cell growth and motility, intracellular transport, and the maintenance of cell shape. Microtubule dynamics and function are modulated by interactions with other proteins, such as MAP1, MAP2, Tau, Katanin, and Kinesin1,2,3,4,5.
In neurons, microtubules are essential for the development and maintenance of axons and dendrites. Abnormalities in microtubules lead to dysfunction and even the death of neurons. For instance, in the brain of Alzheimer&#39;s patients, Tau protein hyperphosphorylation reduces the stability of the microtubule network, causing neurological irregularities6. Thus, examining microtubule networks will contribute to a comprehension of neurodevelopment and the pathogenesis of neurological diseases.
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the peripheral synapse formed between a motor neuron axon terminal and a muscle fiber, which is an excellent and powerful model system for studying synaptic structure and functions7. Futsch is a protein in Drosophila that is homologous to the microtubule-binding protein MAP1B found in mammals8. It is expressed only in neurons and plays a role in the development of the NMJ&#39;s synaptic buttons8,9. In wild-type, filamentous bundles that run along the center of NMJ processes are visualized by immunostaining with anti-Futsch. When reaching NMJ&#39;s end, this bundle has the ability to either form a loop consisting of microtubules or to lose its filamentous structure, resulting in a diffuse and punctate appearance10. Microtubule loops are associated with paused growth cones, which suggests the microtubule array is stable11. Therefore, we can indirectly determine the stable microtubule development in NMJ by Futsch staining. The large size of muscle cells in Drosophila larva allows for clear visualization of the microtubule network. The factors affecting the stability of the microtubule network can be found by analyzing the density and shape of microtubules. Simultaneously, the microtubule network status of muscle cells can be cross-verified with the result of NMJ to obtain more comprehensive conclusions.
Many protocols have been employed for investigating the network and dynamics of microtubules. However, these researches have often focused on in vitro studies12,13,14,15,16. Alternatively, some in vivo experiments have employed electron microscopy to detect the cytoskeleton17. According to the specific binding of fluorescently labeled antibodies or chemical dyes to proteins or DNA, the methods presented here allow the detection of microtubule networks in NMJ at the level of individual neurons in vivo, with results corroborated by observations in muscle cells. This protocol is simple, stable, and repeatable when combined with the powerful genetic tools available in Drosophila melanogaster, enabling a diverse range of phenotypic examinations and genetic screenings for the role of microtubule network regulatory proteins in the nervous system in vivo.

Yazar Spotlight: Drosophila nöromüsküler kavşaklarında mikrotübül ağını anlamak 

Mikrotübül Ağını Görselleştirmek için Drosophila Larva Nöromüsküler Kavşak ve Kas Hücrelerini Kullanma

Currently, microtubule dynamics are observed indirectly through microtubule-binding proteins such as EB1. Since alphabeta tubulin heterodimers are abundant in the cytoplasm, fold directly, neighboring tubulin heterodimers are lacking the dynamics of microtubule networks in vivo. Our protocol visualizes microtubules in neuromuscular synapses and muscle cells.When combined with the powerful genetic tools available in Drosophila melanogaster, enabling a diverse range of phenotypic examinations and the genetic screening for the role of microtubule network regulatory proteins in the nervous system in vivo. Our research focuses on the relationship between the cytoskeleton and the neurodevelopment, as well as its implications for neurological diseases. We hope to discover the mechanism of neurodevelopment and the parthenogenesis for neurological diseases by highlighting the effect of cytoskeletal regulatory proteins on neurons.

Hem nöromüsküler kavşaklarda (NMJ'ler) hem de kas hücrelerinde mikrotübül ağını görselleştirmek için adım adım bir prosedür gösterdik. Şematik diyagrama (Şekil 1A-E) göre diseksiyonu takiben, immün boyama yapılır ve görüntüler daha sonra bir lazer konfokal mikroskop veya stereoskopik floresan mikroskobu altında izlenir ve toplanır (Şekil 1F,G).
NMJ'nin hem sinaptik öncesi...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Understanding Microtubule Network in Drosophila Neuromuscular Junctions at JoVE.com

Burada, nöromüsküler kavşaklar ve kas hücrelerindeki mikrotübül ağlarını görselleştirmek için ayrıntılı bir protokol sunuyoruz. Drosophila melanogaster'in güçlü genetik araçlarıyla birleştiğinde, bu protokol, sinir sistemindeki mikrotübül ağı düzenleyici proteinlerin rolü için genetik taramayı ve mikrotübül dinamiği analizini büyük ölçüde kolaylaştırır.

The microtubule network is an essential component of the nervous system. Mutations in many microtubules regulatory proteins are associated with ...

Şu anda, mikrotübül dinamikleri, EB1 gibi mikrotübül bağlayıcı proteinler aracılığıyla dolaylı olarak gözlemlenmektedir. Alphabeta tubulin heterodimerleri sitoplazmada bol miktarda bulunduğundan, doğrudan katlandığından, komşu tubulin heterodimerleri in vivo mikrotübül ağlarının dinamiklerinden yoksundur. Protokolümüz, nöromüsküler sinapslarda ve kas hücrelerinde mikrotübülleri görselleştirir.Drosophila melanogaster'de bulunan güçlü genetik araçlarla birleştirildiğinde, çok çeşitli fenotipik incelemelere ve mikrotübül ağ düzenleyici proteinlerin sinir sistemindeki rolü için in vivo genetik taramaya olanak tanır. Araştırmamız, hücre iskeleti ve nörogelişim arasındaki ilişkiye ve bunun nörolojik hastalıklar üzerindeki etkilerine odaklanmaktadır. Hücre iskeleti düzenleyici proteinlerin nöronlar üzerindeki etkisini vurgulayarak nörogelişim mekanizmasını ve nörolojik hastalıklar için partenogenezi keşfetmeyi umuyoruz.

using-drosophila-larval-neuromuscular-junction-muscle-cells-to

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Using Drosophila Larval Neuromuscular Junction and Muscle Cells to Visualize Microtubule Network

The microtubule network is an essential component of the nervous system. Mutations in many microtubules regulatory proteins are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and neurological diseases, such as microtubule-associated protein Tau to neurodegenerative diseases, microtubule severing protein Spastin and Katanin 60 cause hereditary spastic paraplegia and neurodevelopmental abnormalities, respectively. Detection of microtubule networks in neurons is advantageous for elucidating the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. However, the small size of neurons and the dense arrangement of axonal microtubule bundles make visualizing the microtubule networks challenging. In this study, we describe a method for dissection of the larval neuromuscular junction and muscle cells, as well as immunostaining of &#945;-tubulin and microtubule-associated protein Futsch to visualize microtubule networks in Drosophila melanogaster. The neuromuscular junction permits us to observe both pre-and post-synaptic microtubules, and the large size of muscle cells in Drosophila larva allows for clear visualization of the microtubule network. Here, by mutating and overexpressing Katanin 60 in Drosophila melanogaster,&#160;and then examining the microtubule networks in the neuromuscular junction and muscle cells, we&#160;accurately reveal the regulatory role of Katanin 60 in neurodevelopment. Therefore, combined with the powerful genetic tools of Drosophila&#160;melanogaster, this protocol greatly facilitates genetic screening and microtubule dynamics analysis for the role of microtubule network regulatory proteins in the nervous system.

Here, we present a detailed protocol to visualize the microtubule networks in neuromuscular junctions and muscle cells. Combined with the powerful genetic tools of Drosophila melanogaster, this protocol greatly facilitates genetic screening and microtubule-dynamics analysis for the role of microtubule network regulatory proteins in the nervous system.

Nörobilim

Drosophila Larval Dissection and Fixation for Microtubule Visualization

Begin by picking out a wandering Drosophila third instar larva using long blunt forceps. Wash the larva with hemolymph-like saline, then dry it with a wipe. Next, position the larva dorsally or ventrally on a dissection dish under the stereo microscope.Depending on the tissue to be observed, opt for dorsal or ventral dissection. Pin the larva's mouth hooks and tail to maintain extended positioning. Next, add a drop of the hemolymph-like saline to prevent the larva from drying.Using dissection scissors, make a small transverse incision close to the posterior end without severing it completely. Proceed to cut along the ventral midline, moving toward the anterior end. Now insert four insect pins each into the corners of the larva.Make necessary adjustments to the insect pins to maximize the stretching of the larva. Use forceps to gently remove the internal organs while avoiding harm to the muscles. To fix the larva, immerse the carcasses in 100 L of 4%paraformaldehyde, while still affixed to the dissecting dish.After this, dismount the pins. Then transfer the sample into a 2 mL microcentrifuge tube filled with 0.2%PBST. Place the tube on a shaker for 10 minutes at 15 RPM.

Drosophila Mikrotübül Görselleştirme için Larva Diseksiyonu ve Fiksasyonu

Immunohistochemistry of Drosophila Larva for Microtubule Visualization

Remove the PBST and immerse the paraformaldehyde-fixed drosophila larval carcasses in a blocking agent for 40 minutes at room temperature. Replace the blocking agent with 200 microliters of the primary antibody diluted with 0.2%PBST. Leave the larvae to incubate at four degrees Celsius overnight.The next day, wash the larvae with 0.2%PBST for 10 minutes. Next, remove the PBST from the tube and add 200 microliters of diluted secondary antibody. Incubate it at ambient temperature for 1.5 hours in the dark.Introduce a nuclear dye such as TO-PRO R 3 iodide into the incubating tube for 30 minutes while staining the microtubules in the dark. Finally, rinse off the secondary antibody and the nuclear dye with 0.2%PBST for 10 minutes.

Mikrotübül Görselleştirmesi için Drosophila Larvasının İmmünohistokimyası

Mounting and Image Acquisition of Drosophila Larval Microtubules

Begin by placing the antibody labeled drosophila larval carcasses in 0.2%PBST on a glass slide. Adjusted under the stereo microscope, ensuring that the inner surface of the larval carcass is facing up. Absorb the excess PBST solution using a wipe.Then delicately add a drop of Anti-Fade mounting medium. Next place a cover slip on the slide covering the dissected larvae slowly and gently, avoiding bubble formation. Secure the cover slip in place by applying fingernail polish around its edges.Store the slide in a dark location to minimize fluorescent attenuation. For image acquisition, use the laser scanning confocal microscope with the 63x Oil immersion objective. Then adjust the wavelength and laser power to fit the requirements of the experiment best.To identify the neuromuscular junctions and capture images of muscle four in segment A three, select a 488 nanometer laser to activate alpha tubulin or Futsch, and 546 nanometers to activate the HRP imaging track. Modify the parameters to achieve a frame size of 1, 024 by 1, 024 pixels, a digital zoom of 1.0, and an imaging interval of 0.8 micrometers. To visualize microtubules in the muscle, capture images of muscle two in the segments A three to A five as it has fewer tracheal branches.Choose a 488 nanometer laser for activating alpha tubulin and a 633 nanometer laser for activating the T3605 imaging track. Adjust the imaging parameters to a frame size of 1, 024 by 1, 024 pixels, a digital zoom of 2.0, and an imaging interval of 0.4 micrometers. Both pre-and post-synaptic microtubule organizations of the neuromuscular junction were labeled with anti-alpha tubulin.Futsch staining reflected the abundance of stable microtubules in the pre-synaptic neurons. Decreased signal intensity of anti-Futsch was observed when microtubules severing protein Katanin 60 was overexpressed in the presynaptic neurons. The staining intensity of the axon trunk was stronger than that of the branches.Katanin 60 mutations resulted in increased microtubule loops. Overexpression of Katanin 60 caused short microtubule fragments within the terminal buttons. Alpha tubulin staining demonstrated a clear network of microtubules around the nucleus.Muscle cells had a significantly increased perinuclear microtubular intensity and exhibited stronger bundles in the Katanin 60 mutant. Overexpression resulted in fragmentation of the microtubule fibers.