Name: Author Spotlight: Standardizing the Development of Amine-Based Silica Composites as CO2 Adsorbents for Direct Air Capture
Uploaded: 2023-09-29T14:40:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Standardizing the Development of Amine-Based Silica Composites as CO2 Adsorbents for Direct Air Capture at JoVE.com

शार्लोट एम. वेंट्ज़ NIST अवार्ड # 70NANB8H165 के माध्यम से फंडिंग स्वीकार करना चाहेंगे। Zois Tsinas NIST अवार्ड # 70NANB22H140 के माध्यम से फंडिंग स्वीकार करना चाहेंगे।

नोट: इस खंड में उपयोग किए जाने वाले उपकरण, इंस्ट्रूमेंटेशन और रसायनों से संबंधित विवरण सामग्री की तालिका में पाया जा सकता है।
1. 800 g/mol दाढ़ द्रव्यमान (PEI 800) के पॉलीथीनइलीमाइन के साथ सिलिक?...

Impregnation and Grafting of Aminated Compounds onto Silica Substrates

<ol>
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T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Amine+scrubbing+for+CO2+capture.">Amine scrubbing for CO2 capture.</a> Science. 325 (5948), 1625-1654 (2009).</li><li>Vaidye, P. D., Kenig, E. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CO2-alkanolamine+reaction+kinetics:+A+review+of+recent+studies.">CO2-alkanolamine reaction kinetics: A review of recent studies.</a> Chemical Engineering &amp; Technology. 30 (11), 1467-1474 (2007).</li><li>Veawab, A., Tontiwachwuthikul, P., Chakma, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Corrosion+behavior+of+carbon+steel+in+the+CO2+adsorption+process+using+aqueous+amine+solutions.">Corrosion behavior of carbon steel in the CO2 adsorption process using aqueous amine solutions.</a> Industrial &amp; Engineering Chemical Research. 38 (10), 3917-3924 (1999).</li><li>Chen, S., Bhattacharjee, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Trimodal+nanoporous+silica+as+a+support+for+amine-based+CO2+adsorbents:+Improvement+in+adsorption+capacity+and+kinetics.">Trimodal nanoporous silica as a support for amine-based CO2 adsorbents: Improvement in adsorption capacity and kinetics.</a> Applied Surface Science. 396, 1515-1519 (2017).</li><li>Jiao, J., Cao, J., Xia, Y., Zhao, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improvement+of+adsorbent+materials+for+CO2+capture+by+amine+functionalized+mesoporous+silica+with+worm-hole+framework+structure.">Improvement of adsorbent materials for CO2 capture by amine functionalized mesoporous silica with worm-hole framework structure.</a> Chemical Engineering Journal. 306, 9-16 (2016).</li><li>Guo, X., Ding, L., Kanamori, K., Nakanishi, K., Yang, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functionalization+of+hierarchically+porous+silica+monoliths+with+polyethyleneimine+(PEI)+for+CO2+adsorption.">Functionalization of hierarchically porous silica monoliths with polyethyleneimine (PEI) for CO2 adsorption.</a> Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. 245, 51-57 (2017).</li><li>Fatima, S. S., Borhan, A., Ayoub, M., Ghani, N. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+and+progress+of+functionalized+silica-based+adsorbents+for+CO2+capture.">Development and progress of functionalized silica-based adsorbents for CO2 capture.</a> Journal of Molecular Liquids. 338, 116913 (2021).</li><li>Cheng, J., Liu, M., Hu, L., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Zhou, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Polyethyleneimine+entwine+thermally-treated+Zn/Co+zeolitic+imidazolate+frameworks+to+enhance+CO2+adsorption.">Polyethyleneimine entwine thermally-treated Zn/Co zeolitic imidazolate frameworks to enhance CO2 adsorption.</a> Chemical Engineering Journal. 364, 530-540 (2019).</li><li>Zagho, M. M., Hassan, M. K., Khraisheh, M., Al-Maadeed, M. A. A., Nazarenko, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+review+on+recent+advances+in+CO2+separation+using+zeolite+and+zeolite-like+materials+as+adsorbents+and+fillers+in+mixed+matrix+membranes+(MMMs).">A review on recent advances in CO2 separation using zeolite and zeolite-like materials as adsorbents and fillers in mixed matrix membranes (MMMs).</a> Chemical Engineering Journal Advances. 6, 100091 (2021).</li><li>Wang, J., Wang, M., Zhao, B., Qiao, W., Long, D., Ling, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesoporous+carbon-supported+solid+amine+sorbents+for+low-temperature+carbon+dioxide+capture.">Mesoporous carbon-supported solid amine sorbents for low-temperature carbon dioxide capture.</a> Industrial &amp; Engineering Chemistry Research. 52 (15), 5437-5444 (2013).</li><li>&#220;nveren, E. E., Monkul, B. O., Sario&#287;lan, S., Karademir, N., Alper, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Solid+amine+sorbents+for+CO2+capture+by+chemical+adsorption:+A+review.">Solid amine sorbents for CO2 capture by chemical adsorption: A review.</a> Petroleum. 3 (1), 37-50 (2017).</li><li>Demir, H., Aksu, G. O., Gulbalkan, H. C., Keskin, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MOF+membranes+for+CO2+capture:+Past,+present+and+future.">MOF membranes for CO2 capture: Past, present and future.</a> Carbon Capture Science &amp; Technology. 2, 100026 (2022).</li><li>Xu, X., Song, C., Andresen, J. M., Miller, B. G., Scaroni, A. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+polyethylenimine-modified+mesoporous+molecular+sieve+of+MCM-41+type+as+high-capacity+adsorbent+for+CO2+capture.">Novel polyethylenimine-modified mesoporous molecular sieve of MCM-41 type as high-capacity adsorbent for CO2 capture.</a> Energy &amp; Fuels. 16 (6), 1463-1469 (2002).</li><li>Gelles, T., Lawson, S., Rownaghi, A., Rezaei, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recent+advances+in+development+of+amine+functionalized+adsorbents+for+CO2+capture.">Recent advances in development of amine functionalized adsorbents for CO2 capture.</a> Adsorption. 26 (94), 5-50 (2020).</li><li>Rao, N., Wang, M., Shang, Z., Hou, Y., Fan, G., Li, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CO2+adsorption+by+amine-functionalized+MCM-41:+A+comparison+between+impregnation+and+grafting+modification+methods.">CO2 adsorption by amine-functionalized MCM-41: A comparison between impregnation and grafting modification methods.</a> Energy Fuels. 32 (1), 670-677 (2018).</li><li>Anyanwu, J. T., Wang, Y., Yang, R. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Amine-grafted+silica+gels+for+CO2+capture+including+direct+air+capture.">Amine-grafted silica gels for CO2 capture including direct air capture.</a> Industrial &amp; Engineering Chemistry Research. 59 (15), 7072-7079 (2020).</li><li>Anyanwu, J. -. T., Wang, Y., Yang, R. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CO2+capture+(including+direct+air+capture)+and+natural+gas+desulfurization+of+amine-grafted+hierarchical+bimodal+silica.">CO2 capture (including direct air capture) and natural gas desulfurization of amine-grafted hierarchical bimodal silica.</a> Chemical Engineering Journal. 427 (14), 131561 (2022).</li><li>Sanz, R., Calleja, G., Arencibia, A., Sanz-P&#233;rez, E. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Amino+functionalized+mesostructured+SBA-15+silica+for+CO2+capture:+Exploring+the+relation+between+the+adsorption+capacity+and+the+distribution+of+amino+groups+by+TEM.">Amino functionalized mesostructured SBA-15 silica for CO2 capture: Exploring the relation between the adsorption capacity and the distribution of amino groups by TEM.</a> Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. 158, 309-317 (2012).</li><li>Moon, H. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Understanding+the+impacts+of+support-polymer+interactions+on+the+dynamics+of+poly(ethyleneimine)+confined+in+mesoporous+SBA-15.">Understanding the impacts of support-polymer interactions on the dynamics of poly(ethyleneimine) confined in mesoporous SBA-15.</a> Journal of the American Chemical Society. 144 (26), 11664-11675 (2022).</li><li>Xu, X., Song, C., Andresen, J. M., Miller, B. G., Scaroni, A. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preparation+and+characterization+of+novel+CO2+&amp;#34;molecular+basket&amp;#34;+absorbents+based+on+polymer-modified+mesoporous+molecular+sieve+MCM-41.">Preparation and characterization of novel CO2 &amp;#34;molecular basket&amp;#34; absorbents based on polymer-modified mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41.</a> Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. 62 (1-2), 29-45 (2003).</li><li>Sousa, J. A. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=H2S+and+H2O+combined+effect+on+CO2+capture+by+amino+functionalized+hollow+microsphere+silicas.">H2S and H2O combined effect on CO2 capture by amino functionalized hollow microsphere silicas.</a> Industrial &amp; Engineering Chemistry Research. 60 (28), 10139-10154 (2021).</li><li>Rim, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sub-ambient+temperature+direct+air+capture+CO2+using+amine-impregnated+MIL-101(Cr)+enables+ambient+temperature+CO2.">Sub-ambient temperature direct air capture CO2 using amine-impregnated MIL-101(Cr) enables ambient temperature CO2.</a> JACS Au. 2 (2), 380-393 (2022).</li></ol>

इस के साथ वर्णित तरीकों गर्भवती और grafted अमीन सिलिका समग्र adsorbents तैयार करने के लिए एक प्रोटोकॉल प्रदान करने का इरादा कर रहे हैं. हमने जिन प्रक्रियाओं का दस्तावेजीकरण किया है, वे साहित्य में रिपोर्ट की गई तक?...

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Anhydrous methanol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>322415</td>
			<td>Does not come with sure-seal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anhydrous toluene</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>244511</td>
			<td>Comes with sure-seal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ceramic Stirring Hot Plate</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>The size, watage, and thermal capabilities of the stirr plate will differ depending on individual lab facilities.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)&#160;</td>
			<td>Nicolet i550 series spectrometer</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>Run on OMNIC standard software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gastight syringe&#160;</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>As long as the gas tight syringe has a PTFE plunger and luer tip, is suited for air sensitive technique and can be used in this protocol.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass vial</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>NA&#160;</td>
			<td>As long as the vial is made if borosilicate glass and has a screw based cap the brand name, size, or general shape does not matter for the protocol.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MCM-41 silica</td>
			<td>ACS Material&#160;</td>
			<td>MSM41A01&#160;</td>
			<td>Cas no. 7631-86-9</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Metal needle</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>Syringe needles need to be stainless steel. It is recommended to determine length and outerdiameter of needle by what will be transferred using the gas tight syringe. For large quantities of liquid a larger outer diameter will improve transfer rates.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N&#8217;-(3-trimethylsilyl propyl) diethyleneamine (DAS)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>104884</td>
			<td>Comes with sure-seal&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyethyleneimine (PEI)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>408719</td>
			<td>Does not come with sure-seal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Schlenk round bottom flask</td>
			<td>ChemGlass AirFree</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>As long as the flask is suited for high pressure and temperture but the brand name, size, or general shape does not matter for the protocol</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermogravemetric Anlysis (TGA)&#160;</td>
			<td>TA Advantage</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>550 series from Waters and TA Instruments</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a synthetic methodology for preparing impregnated and grafted amine-based silica composites for carbon capture

हाल ही में, बिंदु स्रोत या प्रत्यक्ष वायु कैप्चर (DAC) विधियों के लिये कार्बन कैप्चर सामग्री के उपयोग के माध्यम से CO2 उत्सर्जन को कम करने या कम करने की दिशा में एक महत्त्वपूर्ण प्रयास किया गया है। यह काम डीएसी के लिए अमाइन-फंक्शनलाइज्ड सीओ2 adsorbents पर केंद्रित है। ये सामग्रियां सीओ2 हटाने के लिए वादा दिखाती हैं क्योंकि उनके पास कम पुनर्जनन, ऊर्जा खपत और उच्च सोखना क्षमता है। एक झरझरा सब्सट्रेट में अमाइन प्रजातियों का समावेश सीओ2 के लिए अमाइन प्रजातियों की आत्मीयता के फायदों को बड़े छिद्र मात्रा और झरझरा सब्सट्रेट के सतह क्षेत्रों के साथ जोड़ता है। अमाइन-आधारित सीओ2 शर्बत तैयार करने के लिए आमतौर पर तीन तरीकों का उपयोग किया जाता है, जो अमाइन प्रजातियों, सामग्री समर्थन और तैयारी विधि के चयन पर निर्भर करता है। ये विधियां संसेचन, ग्राफ्टिंग या रासायनिक संश्लेषण हैं। सिलिका अपने समायोज्य ताकना आकार, नमी सहिष्णुता, तापमान स्थिरता, और डीएसी अनुप्रयोगों के लिए कम सांद्रता में सीओ2 को सोखने की क्षमता के कारण सब्सट्रेट सामग्री का एक प्रचलित विकल्प है। विशिष्ट सिंथेटिक प्रक्रियाओं और गर्भवती और ग्राफ्टेड अमाइन-सिलिका कंपोजिट दोनों की प्राथमिक विशेषताओं का वर्णन यहां किया गया है।

The anthropogenic CO2 emissions over the past several decades have been widely implicated as the main factor driving the greenhouse gas effect and consequently, related climate change1,2,3,4. There are two general methods for CO2 capture, point source and direct air capture. For more than 50 years, wet-scrubbing CO2 capture technologies have been utilized for point source capture within the industry to mitigate CO2 emissions5,6. These technologies are based on liquid-phase amines that react with CO2 to form carbamates under dry conditions and hydrogen carbonates in the presence of water7,8, see Figure 1. The main reason that carbon capture and storage is utilized at large point (industrial) sources is to prevent the further release of large quantities of CO2, thus having a neutral effect on total CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. However, point-source carbon capture systems suffer from several drawbacks, such as equipment corrosion, solvent degradation, and high energy requirements for regeneration9. Direct air capture (DAC) goes beyond emission reduction and can facilitate the removal of CO2 from the atmosphere. The removal of this existing CO2 is necessary to limit continued climate change. DAC is an emerging methodology and must address the difficulties of removing low concentrations of CO2 in atmospheric conditions (400 to 420 ppm), operate in a variety of different environmental conditions, and address the need for cost-effective materials that can be reused many times1,2,3. Significant work is needed to identify materials that meet these requirements, which will accelerate the adoption of DAC and improve its economic feasibility. Most importantly, community consensus on critical parameters of measurement needs to be established, which is essential for benchmark materials to be developed.
<img alt="Figure 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/65845/65845fig01.jpg" /> 
Figure 1: Schematic of the expected liquid amine adsorbent CO2 capture mechanism. The top reaction is in dry conditions, and the bottom reaction is in the presence of moisture. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/65845/65845fig01large.jpg" target="_blank">Please click here to view a larger version of this figure.</a>
In an effort to remedy these drawbacks, considerable research and development of novel porous material technology have resulted in a wide array of promising materials that have the potential to be utilized as either capture materials or substrates for DAC. Some examples of such materials include mesoporous silica species10,11,12,13, zeolites14,15, activated carbon16,17, and metal-organic frameworks18. Many solid-supported amine adsorbents also show a higher tolerance to water, which is a vital consideration in CO2 removal through DAC approaches. For DAC applications, researchers must consider wet/dry environmental conditions, hot/cold temperatures, and an overall dilute atmospheric CO2 concentration. Amongst the various substrate materials, silica is commonly used because of its adjustable pore sizes, ability to surface functionalize, and large surface area1,2,3. Typical synthetic procedures and primary features of both impregnated and grafted amine-silica composites are described within this work (Figure 2). Direct synthesis, where the material is made in situ with both components, substrate and amine, is another commonly used methodology2.
<img alt="Figure 2" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/65845/65845fig02.jpg" /> 
Figure 2: Schematic representations of impregnation. Mixing of PEI and silica substrate in methanol through diffusion (top) and grafted amine-silica composites through covalent tethering (bottom). <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/65845/65845fig02large.jpg" target="_blank">Please click here to view a larger version of this figure.</a>
Impregnation&#160;is a method in which an amine is physically adsorbed onto a surface, in this case, a porous silica medium, through van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding between the amine and silica surface19,&#160;see Figure 2. Solvents such as ethanol and methanol are commonly used to promote the diffusion of the molecules into the porous structure of the substrate material. The solution can also be heated to increase the solubility of the high molar mass polyamines, thereby increasing the homogeneity of amine penetration within the pores. In the case of impregnated materials, the amount of amine introduced to a silica substrate is determined by the initial quantity of the amine and the surface area of the substrate. If the amount of amine introduced exceeds the available surface area of the silica substrate, the amine species will agglomerate on its surface. This agglomeration is readily apparent, as the impregnated material will appear to have a gel-like coating, often yellow, rather than the expected white and powdery appearance1. Among the many types of amine-base solid adsorbents, polyethyleneimine (PEI) and tetraethylene pentamine (TEPA) are the most widely used due to their high stability and high nitrogen content20. For physically impregnated systems, the theoretical loading quantity of amine can be calculated from the pre-weighted amounts of the substrate and the density of the amine. The obvious advantage of physical impregnation lies in the straightforward synthesis procedure to prepare it, as well as the potential for a large amine content due to the high porosity of the silica substrate. Conversely, the stability of the amine within the silica is limited because there is no covalent bonding between the amine and silica support. Therefore, after multiple cycles of CO2 uptake and regeneration through heat or steam, the amine can leach out of the pores. Despite these drawbacks, the implementation of such materials for DAC holds great promise for removing CO2 from the atmosphere.
Another option for the preparation of DAC materials is grafting. Grafting is a method through which amines are immobilized onto a porous silica substrate through a chemical reaction, as shown in Figure 2. This reaction proceeds by reacting an aminosilane with the surface&#39;s silanol functional group, resulting in a covalent bond. Therefore, the number of functional groups on the surface of the silica substrate impacts the grafted amine density21,22. Compared to amine-impregnated adsorbents, chemical grafting methods have had lower CO2 adsorption capacity mainly due to the low amine loading21. Conversely, chemically-grafted amines have increased thermal stability due to their covalently bound structure. This stability can be useful in the regeneration of the material as adsorbents (such as grafted silica) are heated and pressurized to remove the captured CO2 for reuse to save material and cost. In a typical synthesis procedure, the mesoporous silica substrate is dispersed in a solvent (e.g., anhydrous toluene), which is then followed by the addition of aminosilanes. The resulting sample is then washed to remove unreacted aminosilanes. Improvements in aminosilane density are reported to have been achieved through water addition, specifically with SBA-15, to expand pore size23. The procedure for grafting that will be described herein uses moisture-sensitive techniques. Therefore, additional water will not be used. Implementation of grafted aminosilane materials for DAC is promising due to their expected stability during CO2 adsorption and desorption processes. However, the major drawbacks of this methodology include the complex reactions/preparation of these materials, leading to increased cost, and their overall low CO2 adsorption capacity, meaning larger quantities are required.
Overall, results of many previous studies indicate that the structure of the substrate and amine-related modification has a significant impact on the adsorption performance with specific studies utilizing techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) to fully characterize these materials24,25. In other words, the structural properties (e.g., porosity and surface area) of the substrate material determine the amine loading, so increasing these parameters can improve CO2 capacity24,25. Continued research into the optimization and design of substrate materials and preparation processes is critical to the development of high-performance adsorbents for DAC. The goal of this work is to provide guidance on impregnation and grafted amine synthesis in hopes of facilitating better transparency of synthetic techniques. Within the literature, specific details on the amounts of solvent, substrate, and amines are not always described, making it difficult to understand the correlation between experimental loading amounts and quantitative measurements of amine-silica composites. The exact loading amounts and a detailed description of the experimental procedures will be provided herein to better facilitate these types of comparisons.

Author Spotlight: Standardizing the Development of Amine-Based Silica Composites as CO2 Adsorbents for Direct Air Capture 

कार्बन कैप्चर के लिए गर्भवती और ग्राफ्टेड अमाइन-आधारित सिलिका कंपोजिट तैयार करने के लिए एक सिंथेटिक पद्धति

Scientists here at NIST are developing critical measurement science and benchmark materials to accelerate innovation and explore timely, effective, and scalable direct air capture, or DAC, for carbon-dioxide removal from the atmosphere. This work focuses on promoting best practices for preparation, measurement, and reporting of amine-functionalized silica composites for DAC applications. This protocol addresses outstanding research challenges and reproducible synthetic procedures for DAC materials by providing clear guidelines and conditions while identifying critical steps.In addition, we aim to enable a meaningful comparison of carbon-dioxide capabilities of these materials through clear documentation of specific adsorption experimental parameters. We are turning our efforts towards characterizing benchmark materials and developing standard techniques to foster greater comparability and confidence in reported results.

टीजीए का उपयोग आमतौर पर इन सामग्रियों के लिए सिलिका सतह पर लोड या ग्राफ्ट किए गए अमाइन की मात्रा निर्धारित करने के लिए किया जाता है। प्राप्त टीजीए वक्र 60 डिग्री सेल्सियस से 100 डिग्री सेल्सियस के बीच अवश?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Standardizing the Development of Amine-Based Silica Composites as CO2 Adsorbents for Direct Air Capture at JoVE.com

इस काम का उद्देश्य सिलिका सब्सट्रेट पर एम्मिनेटेड यौगिकों को लगाने या ग्राफ्टिंग के लिए मानकीकृत तकनीकों के विकास की सुविधा प्रदान करना है, जिन्हें अक्सर साहित्य में मोटे तौर पर वर्णित किया जाता है। विलायक, सब्सट्रेट, अमाइन और अन्य महत्वपूर्ण प्रयोगात्मक मापदंडों के मूल्यों की विशिष्ट मात्रा पर विस्तार से चर्चा की जाएगी।

Recently, there has been a significant effort towards reducing or mitigating CO2 emissions through the use of carbon capture materials for point source or ...

एनआईएसटी में वैज्ञानिक नवाचार में तेजी लाने और वातावरण से कार्बन-डाइऑक्साइड हटाने के लिए समय पर, प्रभावी और स्केलेबल प्रत्यक्ष वायु कैप्चर या डीएसी का पता लगाने के लिए महत्वपूर्ण माप विज्ञान और बेंचमार्क सामग्री विकसित कर रहे हैं। यह काम डीएसी अनुप्रयोगों के लिए अमाइन-कार्यात्मक सिलिका कंपोजिट की तैयारी, माप और रिपोर्टिंग के लिए सर्वोत्तम प्रथाओं को बढ़ावा देने पर केंद्रित है। यह प्रोटोकॉल महत्वपूर्ण चरणों की पहचान करते हुए स्पष्ट दिशानिर्देश और शर्तें प्रदान करके डीएसी सामग्री के लिए उत्कृष्ट अनुसंधान चुनौतियों और प्रतिलिपि प्रस्तुत करने योग्य सिंथेटिक प्रक्रियाओं को संबोधित करता है।इसके अलावा, हम विशिष्ट सोखना प्रयोगात्मक मापदंडों के स्पष्ट प्रलेखन के माध्यम से इन सामग्रियों की कार्बन-डाइऑक्साइड क्षमताओं की एक सार्थक तुलना को सक्षम करना चाहते हैं। हम बेंचमार्क सामग्रियों को चिह्नित करने और रिपोर्ट किए गए परिणामों में अधिक तुलनात्मकता और आत्मविश्वास को बढ़ावा देने के लिए मानक तकनीकों को विकसित करने की दिशा में अपने प्रयासों को बदल रहे हैं।