Name: Forfatter Spotlight: Lås op for grå stærs hemmeligheder - Undersøgelse af redoxreparationsenzymer i linsepitelceller
Uploaded: 2024-06-21T12:30:00
Description: Lens epithelial cells (LECs) play multiple important roles in maintaining the homeostasis and normal function of the lens. LECs determine lens growth, ...

Dette arbejde blev støttet af NEI R21EY033941 (til Hongli Wu); Forsvarsministeriets W81XWH2010896 (til Hongli Wu); R15GM123463-02 (til Kayla Green og Hongli Wu)

Alle dyreforsøg blev udført i overensstemmelse med Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology guidelines for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research. Proceduregodkendelse blev givet af University of North Texas Health Science Center Animal Care and Use Committee (protokolnummer: IACUC-2022-0008). Unge C57BL/6J-mus, typisk under 2 uger, blev anvendt i disse undersøgelser.
1. Forberedelse af kulturmedium og linsedissektion
<ol><li>Forbered dyrkningsme...

Dyrkning og karakterisering af linsepitelceller

<ol>
	<li>Bermbach, G., Mayer, U., Naumann, G. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+lens+epithelial+cells+in+tissue+culture.">Human lens epithelial cells in tissue culture.</a> Experimental Eye Research. 52 (2), 113-119 (1991).</li><li>Reddy, V. N., Lin, L. R., Arita, T., Zigler, J. S., Huang, Q. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Crystallins+and+their+synthesis+in+human+lens+epithelial+cells+in+tissue+culture.">Crystallins and their synthesis in human lens epithelial cells in tissue culture.</a> Experimental Eye Research. 47 (3), 465-478 (1988).</li><li>Lee, C. M., Afshari, N. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+global+state+of+cataract+blindness.">The global state of cataract blindness.</a> Current Opinion in Ophthalmology. 28 (1), 98-103 (2017).</li><li>Khairallah, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Number+of+people+blind+or+visually+impaired+by+cataract+worldwide+and+in+world+regions,+1990+to+2010.">Number of people blind or visually impaired by cataract worldwide and in world regions, 1990 to 2010.</a> Investigative Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science. 56 (11), 6762-6769 (2015).</li><li>Beebe, D. C., Holekamp, N. M., Shui, Y. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oxidative+damage+and+the+prevention+of+age-related+cataracts.">Oxidative damage and the prevention of age-related cataracts.</a> Ophthalmic Research. 44 (3), 155-165 (2010).</li><li>Lou, M. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Redox+regulation+in+the+lens.">Redox regulation in the lens.</a> Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. 22 (5), 657-682 (2003).</li><li>Charakidas, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lens+epithelial+apoptosis+and+cell+proliferation+in+human+age-related+cortical+cataract.">Lens epithelial apoptosis and cell proliferation in human age-related cortical cataract.</a> European Journal of Ophthalmology. 15 (2), 213-220 (2005).</li><li>Lou, M. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glutathione+and+glutaredoxin+in+redox+regulation+and+cell+signaling+of+the+lens.">Glutathione and glutaredoxin in redox regulation and cell signaling of the lens.</a> Antioxidants (Basel). 11 (10), 1973 (2022).</li><li>Wilhelm, J., Smistik, Z., Mahelkova, G., Vytasek, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Redox+regulation+of+proliferation+of+lens+epithelial+cells+in+culture.">Redox regulation of proliferation of lens epithelial cells in culture.</a> Cell Biochemistry &amp; Function. 25 (3), 317-321 (2007).</li><li>Zhang, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Research+progress+concerning+a+novel+intraocular+lens+for+the+prevention+of+posterior+capsular+opacification.">Research progress concerning a novel intraocular lens for the prevention of posterior capsular opacification.</a> Pharmaceutics. 14 (7), 1343 (2022).</li><li>Konopinska, J., Mlynarczyk, M., Dmuchowska, D. A., Obuchowska, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Posterior+capsule+opacification:+A+review+of+experimental+studies.">Posterior capsule opacification: A review of experimental studies.</a> Journal of Clinical Medicine. 10 (13), 2847 (2021).</li><li>Pandey, S. K., Apple, D. J., Werner, L., Maloof, A. J., Milverton, E. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Posterior+capsule+opacification:+A+review+of+the+aetiopathogenesis,+experimental+and+clinical+studies+and+factors+for+prevention.">Posterior capsule opacification: A review of the aetiopathogenesis, experimental and clinical studies and factors for prevention.</a> Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 52 (2), 99-112 (2004).</li><li>Wei, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aged+lens+epithelial+cells+suppress+proliferation+and+epithelial-mesenchymal+transition-relevance+for+posterior+capsule+opacification.">Aged lens epithelial cells suppress proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-relevance for posterior capsule opacification.</a> Cells. 11 (13), 2001 (2022).</li><li>Creighton, M. O., Mousa, G. Y., Miller, G. G., Blair, D. G., Trevithick, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differentiation+of+rat+lens+epithelial+cells+in+tissue+culture--iv.+Some+characteristics+of+the+process,+including+possible+in+vitro+models+for+pathogenic+processes+in+cataractogenesis.">Differentiation of rat lens epithelial cells in tissue culture--iv. Some characteristics of the process, including possible in vitro models for pathogenic processes in cataractogenesis.</a> Vision Research. 21 (1), 25-35 (1981).</li><li>Creighton, M. O., Mousa, G. Y., Trevithick, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differentiation+of+rat+lens+epithelial+cells+in+tissue+culture.+(i)+effects+of+cell+density,+medium+and+embryonic+age+of+initial+culture.">Differentiation of rat lens epithelial cells in tissue culture. (i) effects of cell density, medium and embryonic age of initial culture.</a> Differentiation. 6 (3), 155-167 (1976).</li><li>Ibaraki, N., Ohara, K., Shimizu, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Explant+culture+of+human+lens+epithelial+cells+from+senile+cataract+patients.">Explant culture of human lens epithelial cells from senile cataract patients.</a> Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology. 37 (3), 310-317 (1993).</li><li>Sundelin, K., Petersen, A., Soltanpour, Y., Zetterberg, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+growth+of+lens+epithelial+cells+from+cataract+patients+-+association+with+possible+risk+factors+for+posterior+capsule+opacification.">In vitro growth of lens epithelial cells from cataract patients - association with possible risk factors for posterior capsule opacification.</a> The Open Ophthalmology Journal. 8, 19-23 (2014).</li><li>Parreno, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methodologies+to+unlock+the+molecular+expression+and+cellular+structure+of+ocular+lens+epithelial+cells.">Methodologies to unlock the molecular expression and cellular structure of ocular lens epithelial cells.</a> Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 10, 983178 (2022).</li><li>Andjelic, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Morphological+and+proliferative+studies+on+ex+vivo+cultured+human+anterior+lens+epithelial+cells+-+relevance+to+capsular+opacification.">Morphological and proliferative studies on ex vivo cultured human anterior lens epithelial cells - relevance to capsular opacification.</a> Acta Ophthalmologica. 93 (6), e499-e506 (2015).</li><li>Andjelic, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+simple+method+for+establishing+adherent+ex+vivo+explant+cultures+from+human+eye+pathologies+for+use+in+subsequent+calcium+imaging+and+inflammatory+studies.">A simple method for establishing adherent ex vivo explant cultures from human eye pathologies for use in subsequent calcium imaging and inflammatory studies.</a> Journal of Immunology Research. 2014, 232659 (2014).</li><li>Andley, U. P., Rhim, J. S., Chylack, L. T., Fleming, T. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Propagation+and+immortalization+of+human+lens+epithelial+cells+in+culture.">Propagation and immortalization of human lens epithelial cells in culture.</a> Investigative Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science. 35 (7), 3094-3102 (1994).</li><li>Zhou, M., Leiberman, J., Xu, J., Lavker, R. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+hierarchy+of+proliferative+cells+exists+in+mouse+lens+epithelium:+Implications+for+lens+maintenance.">A hierarchy of proliferative cells exists in mouse lens epithelium: Implications for lens maintenance.</a> Investigative Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science. 47 (7), 2997-3003 (2006).</li><li>Wolffe, A. P., Glover, J. F., Tata, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Culture+shock.+Synthesis+of+heat-shock-like+proteins+in+fresh+primary+cell+cultures.">Culture shock. Synthesis of heat-shock-like proteins in fresh primary cell cultures.</a> Experimental Cell Research. 154 (2), 581-590 (1984).</li><li>Haykin, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bioimage+analysis+of+cell+physiology+of+primary+lens+epithelial+cells+from+diabetic+and+non-diabetic+cataract+patients.">Bioimage analysis of cell physiology of primary lens epithelial cells from diabetic and non-diabetic cataract patients.</a> Biotechnology &amp; Biotechnological Equipment. 35 (1), 170-178 (2021).</li><li>Menko, A. S., Klukas, K. A., Johnson, R. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chicken+embryo+lens+cultures+mimic+differentiation+in+the+lens.">Chicken embryo lens cultures mimic differentiation in the lens.</a> Developmental Biology. 103 (1), 129-141 (1984).</li><li>Zelenka, P. S., Gao, C. Y., Saravanamuthu, S. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preparation+and+culture+of+rat+lens+epithelial+explants+for+studying+terminal+differentiation.">Preparation and culture of rat lens epithelial explants for studying terminal differentiation.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (31), 1591 (2009).</li></ol>

Protokollen, der præsenteres i dette papir, giver en omfattende, trinvis vejledning til vellykket isolation, kultur og subkultur af primære LEC'er, komplet med ledsagende videodokumentation. Den detaljerede visuelle vejledning sammen med de skriftlige instruktioner forbedrer protokollens klarhed og tilgængelighed og fremmer dens anvendelse og reproducerbarhed blandt forskere på området. Det endelige mål er at bidrage til den voksende viden omkring LECs rolle i kataraktdannelse og PCO, en udbredt komplikation efter ...

Linsen i øjet spiller en afgørende rolle i synet ved at fokusere indgående lys på nethinden. Den består af en gennemsigtig, avaskulær struktur sammensat af specialiserede celler, blandt hvilke linseepitelceller (LEC'er) er nøglespillere. LEC'er er placeret på objektivets forreste overflade og er ansvarlige for at opretholde dets gennemsigtighed, regulere vandbalancen og deltage i linsevækst og udvikling 1,2. LEC'er er en unik type celler placeret i den forreste del af linsen, der spiller en kritisk rolle i at opretholde linsens klarhed og funktion ved kontinuerligt at producere linsefibre gennem hele livet.
Grå stær er kendetegnet ved den progressive uklarhed af linsen, hvilket resulterer i forvrængning og spredning af lys, hvilket fører til kompromitteret syn 3,4. De præcise mekanismer, der ligger til grund for dannelse af grå stær, er komplekse og multifaktorielle og involverer forskellige cellulære og molekylære processer såsom UV-stråling, oxidativ skade og glykering 5,6. LEC'er har vist sig at bidrage væsentligt til udviklingen af grå stær, hvilket gør dem til et vigtigt fokus for forskning 1,2,7,8,9.
Desuden er et af de mest presserende problemer inden for oftalmologi i dag den relativt høje forekomst af posterior kapselopacifikation (PCO), også kendt som sekundær grå stær. PCO er fortsat den mest almindelige komplikation efter grå stær kirurgi, der påvirker op til 20-40% af voksne patienter og 100% af børn inden for 5 år efter operationen10. PCO er primært forårsaget af de resterende LEC'er, der forbliver i kapselposen efter kataraktekstraktion. Disse celler gennemgår en mangefacetteret patofysiologisk transformation, der ikke kun involverer epitel-til-mesenkymal overgang (EMT), men også differentieringen af LEC'er til linsefibre, hvilket resulterer i en cellepopulation, der er en blanding af LEC'er, fibre og myofibroblaster 11,12,13. De transformerede celler formerer sig og migrerer over den bageste linsekapsel, hvilket fører til synshandicap. Forståelse af adfærd og kontrolmekanismer for LEC'er i kulturmodeller kan give værdifuld indsigt i forebyggelse og styring af PCO. Derfor præsenterer denne protokol til dyrkning af LEC'er et vigtigt værktøj for oftalmiske forskere, der sigter mod at studere, forstå og i sidste ende bekæmpe denne udbredte postoperative komplikation.
For at afklare forviklingerne i LEC-biologi og dens rolle i dannelse af grå stær og PCO er det vigtigt at etablere robuste og reproducerbare in vitro primære cellekultursystemer. Primær LEC-kultur giver forskere et kontrolleret miljø til at studere LEC'ernes funktioner, signalering og molekylære egenskaber. Desuden giver det mulighed for undersøgelse af cellulære processer og virkningerne af forskellige eksperimentelle tilstande, hvilket giver værdifuld indsigt i linsefysiologi og patologi.
Tidligere forskning har beriget vores forståelse af LEC-kulturteknikker 14,15,16,17,18,19,20. Selvom disse undersøgelser har anvendt forskellige metoder og givet betydelige fund om LEC-adfærd og egenskaber, er en omfattende og tilgængelig videooptagelsesprotokol til dyrkning af LEC'er fraværende i den nuværende litteratur. Denne begrænsning kan hindre nybegynderforskeres evne til nøjagtigt at reproducere teknikkerne og kan føre til uoverensstemmelser og variationer i eksperimentelle resultater. Ved at levere en videooptagelsesprotokol har dette forskningspapir til formål at bygge bro over dette hul og give en standardiseret ressource, der kan forbedre reproducerbarheden og lette videnoverførsel inden for LEC-kultur.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>0.05% Trypsin-EDTA</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>#25300054</td>
			<td>For LECs dissociation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 488 Secondary Antibody&#160;</td>
			<td>Jackson ImmunoResearch</td>
			<td>#715-545-150</td>
			<td>For cell validation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 647 AffiniPure Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L)</td>
			<td>Jackson ImmunoResearch</td>
			<td>111-605-003</td>
			<td>For cell validation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Antibody dilution buffer</td>
			<td>Licor</td>
			<td>#927-60001</td>
			<td>For cell validation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Beaver safety knife</td>
			<td>Beaver-Visitec International</td>
			<td>#3782235</td>
			<td>For lens dissection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blocking buffer</td>
			<td>Licor</td>
			<td>#927-60001</td>
			<td>For cell validation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Capsulorhexis forceps</td>
			<td>Titan Medical Instruments</td>
			<td>TMF-124</td>
			<td>For lens capsule isolation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>D6429</td>
			<td>For LECs culture medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMSO</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>#D2650</td>
			<td>For making freezing medium&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#39;s Phosphate Buffered Saline&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>#J67802</td>
			<td>For lens dissection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont tweezers</td>
			<td>Roboz Surgical Instrument</td>
			<td>RS-4976</td>
			<td>For lens capsule isolation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EpiCGS-a (optional)</td>
			<td>ScienCell</td>
			<td>4182</td>
			<td>For LECs culture medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FBS</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>F2442</td>
			<td>For LECs culture medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gentamicin (50&#160;mg/mL)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>G1397</td>
			<td>For LECs culture medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hoechst 33342 solution</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>#62249</td>
			<td>For cell validation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro-dissecting scissors</td>
			<td>Roboz Surgical Instrument&#160;</td>
			<td>RS-5983</td>
			<td>For lens dissection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro-dissecting tweezers</td>
			<td>Roboz Surgical Instrument&#160;</td>
			<td>RS5137&#160;</td>
			<td>For lens dissection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PROX1 antibody</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>11067-2-AP</td>
			<td>For cell validation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vannas micro-dissecting spring scissors</td>
			<td>Roboz Surgical Instrument</td>
			<td>RS-5608</td>
			<td>For lens capsule isolation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#945;A-crystallin antibody</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>sc-28306</td>
			<td>For cell validation&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#947;-crystallin antibody</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>sc-365256</td>
			<td>For cell validation</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

optimizing mouse primary lens epithelial cell culture: a comprehensive guide to trypsinization

Linseepitelceller (LEC'er) spiller flere vigtige roller i opretholdelsen af linsens homeostase og normale funktion. LEC'er bestemmer linsevækst, udvikling, størrelse og gennemsigtighed. Omvendt kan dysfunktionelle LEC'er føre til dannelse af grå stær og posterior kapselopacifikation (PCO). Derfor er etablering af et robust primært LEC-kultursystem vigtigt for forskere, der beskæftiger sig med linseudvikling, biokemi, grå stær-terapi og PCO-forebyggelse. Imidlertid har dyrkning af primære LEC'er længe givet udfordringer på grund af deres begrænsede tilgængelighed, langsomme spredningshastighed og sarte natur. 
Denne undersøgelse adresserer disse forhindringer ved at præsentere en omfattende protokol for primær LEC-kultur. Protokollen omfatter væsentlige trin såsom formulering af et optimeret dyrkningsmedium, præcis isolering af linsekapsler, trypsiniseringsteknikker, subkulturprocedurer, høstprotokoller og retningslinjer for opbevaring og forsendelse. Gennem hele dyrkningsprocessen blev cellemorfologi overvåget ved hjælp af fasekontrastmikroskopi. 
For at bekræfte ægtheden af de dyrkede LEC'er blev immunofluorescensassays udført for at detektere tilstedeværelsen og subcellulær fordeling af kritiske linseproteiner, nemlig αA- og γ-krystalliner. Denne detaljerede protokol udstyrer forskere med en værdifuld ressource til dyrkning og karakterisering af primære LEC'er, hvilket muliggør fremskridt i vores forståelse af linsebiologi og udvikling af terapeutiske strategier for linserelaterede lidelser.

The lens of the eye plays a crucial role in vision by focusing incoming light onto the retina. It consists of a transparent, avascular structure composed of specialized cells, among which lens epithelial cells (LECs) are key players. LECs are located at the anterior surface of the lens and are responsible for maintaining its transparency, regulating water balance, and participating in lens growth and development1,2. LECs are a unique type of cells located at the anterior part of the lens, playing a critical role in maintaining lens clarity and function by continuously producing lens fibers throughout life.
Cataracts are characterized by the progressive clouding of the lens, resulting in the distortion and scattering of light, leading to compromised vision3,4. The precise mechanisms underlying cataract formation are complex and multifactorial, involving various cellular and molecular processes such as UV radiation, oxidative damage, and glycation5,6. LECs have been found to contribute significantly to the development of cataracts, making them a vital focus of research1,2,7,8,9.
Furthermore, one of the most pressing issues in ophthalmology today is the relatively high incidence of posterior capsule opacification (PCO), also known as secondary cataract. PCO remains the most common complication after cataract surgery, affecting up to 20-40% of adult patients and 100% of children within 5 years post surgery10. PCO is primarily caused by the residual LECs that remain in the capsular bag following cataract extraction. These cells undergo a multifaceted pathophysiological transformation involving not only epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) but also the differentiation of LECs to lens fibers, resulting in a cell population that is a mixture of LECs, fibers, and myofibroblasts11,12,13. The transformed cells proliferate and migrate across the posterior lens capsule, leading to visual impairment. Understanding the behavior and control mechanisms of LECs in culture models can provide valuable insights into the prevention and management of PCO. Therefore, this protocol of culturing LECs presents a vital tool for ophthalmic researchers aiming to study, understand, and ultimately combat this prevalent postoperative complication.
To unravel the intricacies of LEC biology and its role in cataract formation and PCO, it is essential to establish robust and reproducible in vitro primary cell culture systems. Primary LEC culture provides researchers with a controlled environment to study the functions, signaling, and molecular characteristics of LECs. Furthermore, it allows for the investigation of cellular processes and the effects of different experimental conditions, providing valuable insights into lens physiology and pathology.
Prior research has enriched our understanding of LEC culture techniques14,15,16,17,18,19,20. Although these studies have employed various methodologies and yielded significant findings on LEC behavior and characteristics, a comprehensive and accessible video recording protocol for culturing LECs is absent in the current literature. This limitation can hinder novice researchers&#39; ability to accurately reproduce the techniques and can lead to inconsistencies and variations in experimental results. By providing a video recording protocol, this research paper aims to bridge this gap and provide a standardized resource that can enhance reproducibility and facilitate knowledge transfer in the field of LEC culture.

Forfatter Spotlight: Lås op for grå stærs hemmeligheder - Undersøgelse af redoxreparationsenzymer i linsepitelceller

Optimering af musens primære linseepitelcellekultur: En omfattende guide til trypsinisering

Our research objective is to explore the underlying causes of cataracts with a particular emphasis on the function of redox repair enzymes. Our aim is to identify the critical role this enzyme play in lens protection, and to establish their potential as drug targets for cataract prevention and treatment. Among many exciting technologies, our research uses lens epithelial cells as a foundational platform.This approach is critical for unraveling the mechanism behind cataract formation, posterior capsule opacification, and the discovery of new anti-cataract drugs. Moving forward, we will focus on understanding the impact of antioxidant enzymes and aging on lens functionality. Our goal is to discover innovative antioxidant treatments that can delay lens aging, prevent cataracts, and provide effective intervention for PCO.

Som vist i figur 2 klæbede primære LEC'er fra C57BL/6J-mus til skålene inden for en periode på 4 timer ved at følge denne protokol. Især var der synlige rester af andre væv, såsom sektioner af den bageste kapsel og linsefiberceller. Disse utilsigtede elementer fæstnede sig imidlertid ikke til skålen og kunne derfor fjernes ved at ændre kulturmediet. Efterfølgende, mellem den tredje og femte dag, indledte LEC'erne deres spredningsfase. Hurtig vækst, karakteristisk for den logarit...

Dette manuskript skitserer en detaljeret videoprotokol til dyrkning af primære linseepitelceller (LEC'er), der sigter mod at forbedre reproducerbarheden og hjælpe forskning i grå stær og posterior kapselopacifikation (PCO). Det tilbyder trinvise instruktioner om linsedissektion, LEC-isolering og validering, der tjener som en værdifuld vejledning, især for nybegyndere i marken.

Lens epithelial cells (LECs) play multiple important roles in maintaining the homeostasis and normal function of the lens. LECs determine lens growth, ...

Vores forskningsmål er at undersøge de underliggende årsager til grå stær med særlig vægt på funktionen af redoxreparationsenzymer. Vores mål er at identificere den kritiske rolle, som dette enzym spiller i linsebeskyttelse, og at fastslå deres potentiale som lægemiddelmål for forebyggelse og behandling af grå stær. Blandt mange spændende teknologier bruger vores forskning linseepitelceller som en grundlæggende platform.Denne tilgang er afgørende for at optrævle mekanismen bag kataraktdannelse, posterior kapselopacifikation og opdagelsen af nye lægemidler mod grå stær. Fremadrettet vil vi fokusere på at forstå virkningen af antioxidantenzymer og aldring på linsefunktionaliteten. Vores mål er at opdage innovative antioxidantbehandlinger, der kan forsinke linsens aldring, forhindre grå stær og give effektiv intervention for PCO.

optimizing-mouse-primary-lens-epithelial-cell-culture-comprehensive

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Optimizing Mouse Primary Lens Epithelial Cell Culture: A Comprehensive Guide to Trypsinization

Lens epithelial cells (LECs) play multiple important roles in maintaining the homeostasis and normal function of the lens. LECs determine lens growth, development, size, and transparency. Conversely, dysfunctional LECs can lead to cataract formation and posterior capsule opacification (PCO). Consequently, establishing a robust primary LEC culture system is important to researchers engaged in lens development, biochemistry, cataract therapeutics, and PCO prevention. However, cultivating primary LECs has long presented challenges due to their limited availability, slow proliferation rate, and delicate nature. 
This study addresses these hurdles by presenting a comprehensive protocol for primary LEC culture. The protocol encompasses essential steps such as the formulation of an optimized culture medium, precise isolation of lens capsules, trypsinization techniques, subculture procedures, harvest protocols, and guidelines for storage and shipment. Throughout the culture process, cell morphology was monitored using phase-contrast microscopy. 
To confirm the authenticity of the cultured LECs, immunofluorescence assays were conducted to detect the presence and subcellular distribution of critical lens proteins, namely &#945;A- and &#947;-crystallins. This detailed protocol equips researchers with a valuable resource for cultivating and characterizing primary LECs, enabling advancements in our comprehension of lens biology and the development of therapeutic strategies for lens-related disorders.

This manuscript outlines a detailed video protocol for culturing primary lens epithelial cells (LECs), aiming to improve reproducibility and aid research in cataracts and posterior capsule opacification (PCO). It offers step-by-step instructions on lens dissection, LECs isolation, and validation, serving as a valuable guide, especially for newcomers in the field.