Name: Author Spotlight: Advancing Allergic Rhinitis Research with Multicolor Immunofluorescence
Uploaded: 2023-09-22T14:50:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Advancing Allergic Rhinitis Research with Multicolor Immunofluorescence at JoVE.com

This work was supported by the Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology (2021YJ0175).

The experimental protocol and procedures have received approval from the Administrative and Animal Research Committee of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Record number: 2022DL-010). Eight-week-old male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, weighing 180-200 g, were commercially obtained (see Table of Materials) and housed under a natural light/dark cycle with controlled temperature (23 &#177; 2 &#176;C) and relative humidity (55% &#177; 10%). Twelve rats were randomly divided into two groups: the c...

Multicolor Immunofluorescence of the Nasal Tissue in an Allergic Rhinitis Rat Model

<ol>
	<li>Bro&#380;ek, J. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Allergic+rhinitis+and+its+impact+on+asthma+(ARIA)+Guidelines-2016+revision.">Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) Guidelines-2016 revision.</a> The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 140 (4), 950-958 (2017).</li><li>Maurer, M., Zuberbier, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Undertreatment+of+rhinitis+symptoms+in+Europe:+findings+from+a+cross-sectional+questionnaire+survey.">Undertreatment of rhinitis symptoms in Europe: findings from a cross-sectional questionnaire survey.</a> Allergy. 62 (9), 1057-1063 (2007).</li><li>Ding, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alpha-linolenic+acid+improves+nasal+mucosa+epithelial+barrier+function+in+allergic+rhinitis+by+arresting+CD4++T+cell+differentiation+via+IL-4R&#945;-JAK2-STAT3+pathway.">Alpha-linolenic acid improves nasal mucosa epithelial barrier function in allergic rhinitis by arresting CD4+ T cell differentiation via IL-4R&#945;-JAK2-STAT3 pathway.</a> Phytomedicine: International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology. 116, 154825 (2023).</li><li>Zhou, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Activation+of+NLRP3+inflammasome+contributes+to+the+inflammatory+response+to+allergic+rhinitis+via+macrophage+pyroptosis.">Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to the inflammatory response to allergic rhinitis via macrophage pyroptosis.</a> International Immunopharmacology. 110, 109012 (2022).</li><li>Watts, A. M., Cripps, A. W., West, N. P., Cox, A. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modulation+of+allergic+inflammation+in+the+nasal+mucosa+of+allergic+rhinitis+sufferers+with+topical+pharmaceutical+agents.">Modulation of allergic inflammation in the nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis sufferers with topical pharmaceutical agents.</a> Frontiers in pharmacology. 10, 294 (2019).</li><li>Patel, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fungal+extracts+stimulate+solitary+chemosensory+cell+expansion+in+noninvasive+fungal+rhinosinusitis.">Fungal extracts stimulate solitary chemosensory cell expansion in noninvasive fungal rhinosinusitis.</a> International Forum of Allergy &amp; Rhinology. 9 (7), 730-737 (2019).</li><li>Granier, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tim-3+expression+on+tumor-infiltrating+PD-1(+)CD8(+)+T+cells+correlates+with+poor+clinical+outcome+in+renal+cell+carcinoma.">Tim-3 expression on tumor-infiltrating PD-1(+)CD8(+) T cells correlates with poor clinical outcome in renal cell carcinoma.</a> Cancer Research. 77 (5), 1075-1082 (2017).</li><li>Badoua, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PD-1-ex+pressing+tumor-infiltrating+T+cells+are+a+favorable+prognostic+biomarker+in+HPV-associated+head+and+neck+cancer.">PD-1-ex pressing tumor-infiltrating T cells are a favorable prognostic biomarker in HPV-associated head and neck cancer.</a> Cancer Research. 73 (1), 128-138 (2013).</li><li>Fedchenko, N., Reifenrath, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Different+approaches+for+interpretation+and+reporting+of+immunohistochemistry+analysis+results+in+the+bone+tissue+-+a+review.">Different approaches for interpretation and reporting of immunohistochemistry analysis results in the bone tissue - a review.</a> Diagnostic Pathology. 9, 221 (2014).</li><li>Faget, L., Hnasko, T. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tyramide+signal+amplification+for+immunofluorescent+enhancement.">Tyramide signal amplification for immunofluorescent enhancement.</a> Methods in Molecular Biology. 1318, 161-172 (2015).</li><li>Parra, E. R., Villalobos, P., Rodriguez-Canales, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+multiple+faces+of+programmed+cell+death+ligand+1+expression+in+malignant+and+nonmalignant+cells.">The multiple faces of programmed cell death ligand 1 expression in malignant and nonmalignant cells.</a> Applied Immunohistochemistry &amp; Molecular Morphology.: AIMM. 27 (4), 287-294 (2019).</li><li>Welsh, A. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Standardization+of+estrogen+receptor+measurement+in+breast+cancer+suggests+false-negative+results+are+a+function+of+threshold+intensity+rather+than+percentage+of+positive+cells.">Standardization of estrogen receptor measurement in breast cancer suggests false-negative results are a function of threshold intensity rather than percentage of positive cells.</a> Journal of Clinical Oncology: Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 29 (22), 2978-2984 (2011).</li><li>Parra, E. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Validation+of+multiplex+immunofluorescence+panels+using+multispectral+microscopy+for+immune-profiling+of+formalin-fixed+and+paraffin-embedded+human+tumor+tissues.">Validation of multiplex immunofluorescence panels using multispectral microscopy for immune-profiling of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human tumor tissues.</a> Scientific Reports. 7 (1), 13380 (2017).</li><li>Miao, M., Xiang, L., Miao, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Specification+for+preparation+of+allergic+rhinitis+animal+model+(draft).">Specification for preparation of allergic rhinitis animal model (draft).</a> Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs. 49 (1), 50-57 (2018).</li><li>Xu, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Astragalus+polysaccharides+attenuate+ovalbumin-induced+allergic+rhinitis+in+rats+by+inhibiting+nlrp3+inflammasome+activation+and+nod2-mediated+nf-+&#954;+b+activation.">Astragalus polysaccharides attenuate ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis in rats by inhibiting nlrp3 inflammasome activation and nod2-mediated nf- &#954; b activation.</a> Journal of Medicinal Food. 24 (1), 1-9 (2021).</li><li>Bousquet, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Allergic+rhinitis.">Allergic rhinitis.</a> Nature reviews. 6 (1), 95 (2020).</li><li>Huang, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expression+of+activated+signal+transducer+and+activator+of+transcription-3+as+a+predictive+and+prognostic+marker+in+advanced+esophageal+squamous+cell+carcinoma.">Expression of activated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 as a predictive and prognostic marker in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.</a> World Journal of Surgical Oncology. 13, 314 (2015).</li><li>Leynaert, B., Bousquet, J., Neukirch, C., Liard, R., Neukirch, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Perennial+rhinitis:+An+independent+risk+factor+for+asthma+in+nonatopic+subjects:+results+from+the+European+Community+Respiratory+Health+Survey.">Perennial rhinitis: An independent risk factor for asthma in nonatopic subjects: results from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey.</a> The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 104 (2), 301-304 (1999).</li><li>Guerra, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rhinitis+is+an+independent+risk+factor+for+developing+cough+apart+from+colds+among+adults.">Rhinitis is an independent risk factor for developing cough apart from colds among adults.</a> Allergy. 60 (3), 343-349 (2005).</li><li>Greisner, W. A., Settipane, R. J., Settipane, G. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Co-existence+of+asthma+and+allergic+rhinitis:+a+23-year+follow-up+study+of+college+students.">Co-existence of asthma and allergic rhinitis: a 23-year follow-up study of college students.</a> Allergy and Asthma Proceedings. 19 (4), 185-188 (1998).</li><li>Pawankar, R., Mori, S., Ozu, C., Kimura, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Overview+on+the+pathomechanisms+of+allergic+rhinitis.">Overview on the pathomechanisms of allergic rhinitis.</a> Asia Pacific Allergy. 1 (3), 157-167 (2011).</li><li>Van Nguyen, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anti-allergic+rhinitis+activity+of+&#945;-lipoic+acid+via+balancing+th17/treg+expression+and+enhancing+nrf2/ho-1+pathway+signaling.">Anti-allergic rhinitis activity of &#945;-lipoic acid via balancing th17/treg expression and enhancing nrf2/ho-1 pathway signaling.</a> Scientific Reports. 10 (1), 12528 (2020).</li><li>Ivanov, I. I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+orphan+nuclear+receptor+ror&#947;t+directs+the+differentiation+program+of+proinflammatory+IL-17++T+helper+cells.">The orphan nuclear receptor ror&#947;t directs the differentiation program of proinflammatory IL-17+ T helper cells.</a> Cell. 126 (6), 1121-1133 (2006).</li><li>Fontenot, J. D., Gavin, M. A., Rudensky, A. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Foxp3+programs+the+development+and+function+of+CD4+CD25++regulatory+T+cells.">Foxp3 programs the development and function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells.</a> Nature Immunology. 4 (4), 330-336 (2003).</li><li>Zhou, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Instability+of+the+transcription+factor+Foxp3+leads+to+the+generation+of+pathogenic+memory+T+cells+in+Vivo.">Instability of the transcription factor Foxp3 leads to the generation of pathogenic memory T cells in Vivo.</a> Nature Immunology. 10 (9), 1000-1007 (2009).</li><li>Ziegler, S. F., Buckner, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Foxp3+and+the+regulation+of+Treg/Th17+differentiation.">Foxp3 and the regulation of Treg/Th17 differentiation.</a> Microbes and Infection. 11 (5), 594-598 (2009).</li><li>Yaling, Y., Gui, Y., Shuqi, Q. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recent+research+advances+of+toll-like+receptors+and+allergic+rhinitis.">Recent research advances of toll-like receptors and allergic rhinitis.</a> Medical Recapitulate. 23 (7), 1273-1276 (2017).</li><li>Shan, H., Jie, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Correlation+between+TLR4+gene+polymorphisms+and+allergic+rhinitis.">Correlation between TLR4 gene polymorphisms and allergic rhinitis.</a> Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery. 31 (13), 991-994 (2017).</li><li>Xu, O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunoregulatory+mechanism+of+Treg+cells+and+TICAM-1+patients+with+severe+allergic+rhinitis.">Immunoregulatory mechanism of Treg cells and TICAM-1 patients with severe allergic rhinitis.</a> Chinese Journal of Coal Industry Medicine. 23 (3), 303-306 (2020).</li><li>Granier, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tim-3+expression+on+tumor-infiltrating+PD-1+CD8++T+cells+correlates+with+poor+clinical+outcome+in+renal+cell+carcinoma.">Tim-3 expression on tumor-infiltrating PD-1+CD8+ T cells correlates with poor clinical outcome in renal cell carcinoma.</a> Cancer Research. 77 (5), 1075-1082 (2017).</li><li>Badoual, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PD-1+expressing+tumor-infiltrating+T+cells+are+a+favorable+prognostic+biomarker+in+hpv-associated+head+and+neck+cancer.">PD-1 expressing tumor-infiltrating T cells are a favorable prognostic biomarker in hpv-associated head and neck cancer.</a> Cancer Research. 73 (1), 128-138 (2013).</li><li>Gustavson, M. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+an+unsupervised+pixel-based+clustering+algorithm+for+compartmentalization+of+immunohistochemical+expression+using+automated+quantitative+analysis.">Development of an unsupervised pixel-based clustering algorithm for compartmentalization of immunohistochemical expression using automated quantitative analysis.</a> Applied Immunohistochemistry &amp; Molecular Morphology. 17 (4), 329-337 (2009).</li><li>Lu, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+biomarker+modalities+for+predicting+response+to+PD-1/PD-L1+checkpoint+blockade:+a+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.">Comparison of biomarker modalities for predicting response to PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> JAMA Oncology. 5 (8), 1195-1204 (2019).</li><li>Hernandez, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multiplex+immunofluorescence+tyramide+signal+amplification+for+immune+cell+profiling+of+paraffin-embedded+tumor+tissues.">Multiplex immunofluorescence tyramide signal amplification for immune cell profiling of paraffin-embedded tumor tissues.</a> Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences. 8, 667067 (2021).</li></ol>

Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is a non-infectious inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa resulting from a combination of environmental and genetic factors. It has become a global health concern, impacting work efficiency, diminishing the quality of life, impairing sleep, cognitive function, and causing irritability and fatigue. AR affects 10%-20% of the world&#39;s population&#185; and carries substantial economic costs, causing annual losses of up to 30-50 billion euros in EU countries18. Moreover, se...

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic, non-infectious inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa primarily mediated by specific immunoglobulin E (IgE)1,2. It is characterized by symptoms such as sneezing, a runny nose, nasal congestion, and nasal itching. With industrialization and urbanization, the prevalence of AR is gradually increasing, affecting approximately 10%-20% of the world&#39;s population1. The immunofluorescence (IF) technique is a fluorescent staining method that utilizes an antibody-antigen binding reaction. It can be employed to detect and quantify the distribution and expression levels of specific proteins in biological tissues or cells. In AR research, IF can simultaneously detect multiple targets, including AR-related cytokines, inflammatory cells, receptors, and more, facilitating the exploration of AR pathogenesis and the effects of drugs3,4,5,6.
The multicolor immunofluorescence (mIF) staining process closely resembles traditional IF, with the addition of an antibody elution step during each round of staining. This modification enables the simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers on the same tissue section through sequential single-labeling and multiple rounds of re-staining. mIF is based on tyramide signal amplification (TSA), allowing for repeated cycles of TSA fluorescent staining and the use of microwave heating to remove antibodies while retaining fluorescent signals7,8. In comparison to conventional IF, mIF offers several advantages: (1) it can detect weakly expressed antigens that are challenging to identify with conventional IF9,10; (2) it provides high-quality staining with an improved signal-to-noise ratio; (3) it allows for the quantification of tissue-specific structures and regions of interest11; (4) multiplexing multiple pathways efficiently utilizes tissues and conserves limited pathological resources12; (5) multi-parameter analysis through mIF offers deeper insights into tissues, uncovering hidden biological information13.
Overall, mIF allows the observation of different antigen expressions and distributions within the same sample, facilitating the study of target proteins. In the future, researchers seeking to understand the expression and distribution of multiple target proteins will find this technique a valuable choice. This study demonstrates the application of mIF for staining nasal mucosa samples from rats with AR and evaluate the establishment of a rat model of AR.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Al(OH)3</td>
			<td>Sollerbauer Biotechnology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>A7130</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>75% ethanol</td>
			<td>Anhui Yiren An Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>20210107</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ammonia</td>
			<td>Chengdu Kolon Chemical Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>2021070101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anhydrous ethanol</td>
			<td>Chengdu Kolon Chemical Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>2022070501</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-fluorescence quenching sealer</td>
			<td>SouthernBiotech</td>
			<td>0100-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Automatic dyeing machine</td>
			<td>Thermo scientific</td>
			<td>Varistain Gemini ES</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carrier slides</td>
			<td>Nantong Mei Wei De Experimental Equipment Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>220518001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Citrate-phosphate buffer&#160;</td>
			<td>Servicebio biotechnology co., Ltd</td>
			<td>G1201</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Citric acid antigen repair solution (PH 6.0)</td>
			<td>Xavier Biotechnology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>G1201</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Coverslip</td>
			<td>Nantong Mei Wei De Experimental Equipment Co.</td>
			<td>220518001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Coverslip</td>
			<td>Nantong Mewtech Life Science Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>CS01-2450</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CY3-Tyramide</td>
			<td>Sawell Biotechnology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>G1223-50UL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DAPI</td>
			<td>Sawell Biotechnology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>G1012</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Decoloring shaker</td>
			<td>SCILOGEX</td>
			<td>S1010E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EDTA decalcification solution</td>
			<td>Wuhan Xavier Biotechnology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>CR2203047</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electric heating blast dryer&#160;</td>
			<td>Shanghai Yiheng Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>DHG-9240A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Embedding box marking machine</td>
			<td>Thermo scientific</td>
			<td>&#160;PrintMate AS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Embedding machine</td>
			<td>Wuhan Junjie Electronics Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>JB-P5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fast tissue dewatering machine</td>
			<td>Thermo scientific</td>
			<td>STP420 ES</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Film sealer</td>
			<td>Thermo scientific</td>
			<td>Autostainer 360</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FITC-Tyramide</td>
			<td>Sawell Biotechnology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>G1222-50UL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fluorescence microscope</td>
			<td>Sunny Optical Technology Co.Ltd</td>
			<td>CX40</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Foxp3</td>
			<td>Affinity Biosciences Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>bs-10211R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Freezing table</td>
			<td>Wuhan Junjie Electronics Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>JB-L5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&#38;L (HRP)</td>
			<td>Liankebio Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>GAR0072</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat serum</td>
			<td>Biosharp</td>
			<td>BL210A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>H&#38;E staining kit</td>
			<td>Leagene</td>
			<td>DH0020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hemostatic forceps</td>
			<td>Shanghai Medical Devices Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>J31010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrochloric acid</td>
			<td>Sichuan Xilong Science Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>210608</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Immunohistochemical pen</td>
			<td>Biosharp</td>
			<td>BC004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microwave oven</td>
			<td>Midea</td>
			<td>M1-L213B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neutral gum</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Group Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>10004160</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ovalbumin&#160;</td>
			<td>Sollerbauer Biotechnology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>A804010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oven</td>
			<td>Shanghai Yiheng Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>DHG-9240A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Palm centrifuge</td>
			<td>SCILOGEX</td>
			<td>D1008E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>Beyotime Biotechnology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>P0099-100ml</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pathology section scanner</td>
			<td>3DHISTECH Kft</td>
			<td>Pannoramic SCAN&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS buffer</td>
			<td>Biosharp</td>
			<td>G4202</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pipette&#160;</td>
			<td>Dragon</td>
			<td>KE0003087/KA0056573</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ror&#947;t</td>
			<td>Affinity Biosciences Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>DF3196</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpel</td>
			<td>Quanzhou Excellence Medical Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>20170022</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Self-fluorescent quenching agent Sudan Black B</td>
			<td>Bioengineering Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>A602008-0025</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Slicer</td>
			<td>Thermo scientific</td>
			<td>HM325</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Slicing machine</td>
			<td>Thermo scientific</td>
			<td>HM325</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Slide</td>
			<td>Nantong Mewtech Life Science Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>PC2-301</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sprague Dawley rats</td>
			<td>Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine</td>
			<td>SYX <img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/65937/65937eq01.jpg" style="margin: auto;" /> 2023-0100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TICAM-1</td>
			<td>Affinity Biosciences Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>DF6289</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue scissors</td>
			<td>Shanghai Medical Devices Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>J22120</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue spreading baking sheet machine</td>
			<td>Wuhan Junjie Electronics Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>JK-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TYR-690 fluorescent dyes</td>
			<td>Shanghai Rutron Biotechnology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>RC0086-34RM</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vortex mixer</td>
			<td>SCILOGEX</td>
			<td>SLK-O3000-S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Water bath-slide drier</td>
			<td>Wuhan Junjie Electronics Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>JK-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wax trimmer</td>
			<td>Wuhan Junjie Electronics Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>JXL-818</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylene</td>
			<td>Chengdu Kolon Chemical Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>2022051901</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

immunofluorescent labeling in nasal mucosa tissue sections of allergic rhinitis rats via multicolor immunoassay

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic, non-infectious inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa, primarily mediated by specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), affecting approximately 10%-20% of the world's population. While immunofluorescence (IF) staining has long been a standard technique for detecting disease-specific protein expression, conventional IF techniques are limited in their ability to detect the expression levels of three or more proteins in the same sample. Consequently, multicolor IF techniques have been developed in recent years, which allow the simultaneous labeling of multiple targets in cells or tissues.
This protocol provides a comprehensive overview of the process for establishing a rat model of AR, obtaining nasal mucosal samples, and the technical procedures for multicolor immunofluorescence. All rats in the AR group exhibited typical symptoms such as sneezing, a runny nose, and an itchy nose, with behavioral observations scoring &#8805;5 points. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining revealed increased inflammatory cell counts and disrupted nasal mucosal integrity in the AR group. Multicolor immunofluorescence (mIF) demonstrated increased expression of ROR&#947;t and TICAM-1, while Foxp3 expression decreased in the nasal mucosa tissue of AR rats.

Author Spotlight: Advancing Allergic Rhinitis Research with Multicolor Immunofluorescence

Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay

Six SD rats were successfully induced into the AR model through OVA intraperitoneal injection and nasal challenge. AR was induced in all rats in the AR group, accounting for 100% of the group. All rats in the AR group exhibited typical symptoms such as sneezing, a runny nose, and an itchy nose. All behavioral observations scored &#8805;5 points (Table 2).
H&#38;E staining results on the 21st day of modeling revealed that in the control rats, the nasal mucosa&#39;s e...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Advancing Allergic Rhinitis Research with Multicolor Immunofluorescence at JoVE.com

This protocol describes a multicolor immunofluorescence technique for evaluating the rat model of allergic rhinitis.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic, non-infectious inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa, primarily mediated by specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), ...

Our main research is based on a study of allergic rhinitis. Our research intends to analyze what proteins are associated with allergic rhinitis. Multicolor immunofluorescence is currently used to advance research in our field.In future studies, we will focus on the possible mechanisms of TCM in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.