Name: Author Spotlight: Exploring Cold Ischemia and Warm Reperfusion Injury in Fatty Liver Transplantation
Uploaded: 2023-12-01T13:10:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Author Spotlight: Exploring Cold Ischemia and Warm Reperfusion Injury in Fatty Liver Transplantation at JoVE.com

This work was supported by 2022 JST basic research (The Japanese Society for Transplantation).

The experimental protocol was approved by the Animal Experimentation Committee at Kyoto University. The study utilized C57BL/6 mice, aged over 10 weeks and weighing between 25 g and 30 g, obtained from a commercial source (see Table of Materials). All animals were anesthetized with 2.5% isoflurane (following institutionally approved protocols), maintained under specific pathogen-free conditions, and all experimental procedures were conducted in compliance with Kyoto University&#39;s Regulations on Animal...

Strategies for Efficient Vascular Anastomosis in Mouse Liver Transplantation

<ol>
	<li>Qian, S. G., Fung, J. J., Demetris, A. V., Ildstad, S. T., Starzl, T. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Orthotopic+liver+transplantation+in+the+mouse.">Orthotopic liver transplantation in the mouse.</a> Transplantation. 52 (3), 562-564 (1991).</li><li>Yokota, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Orthotopic+mouse+liver+transplantation+to+study+liver+biology+and+allograft+tolerance.">Orthotopic mouse liver transplantation to study liver biology and allograft tolerance.</a> Nat Protoc. 11 (7), 1163-1174 (2016).</li><li>Shen, X. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inflammatory+responses+in+a+new+mouse+model+of+prolonged+hepatic+cold+ischemia+followed+by+arterialized+orthotopic+liver+transplantation.">Inflammatory responses in a new mouse model of prolonged hepatic cold ischemia followed by arterialized orthotopic liver transplantation.</a> Liver Transpl. 11 (10), 1273-1281 (2005).</li><li>Kageyama, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ischemia-reperfusion+injury+in+allogeneic+liver+transplantation:+A+role+of+CD4+T+cells+in+early+allograft+injury.">Ischemia-reperfusion injury in allogeneic liver transplantation: A role of CD4 T cells in early allograft injury.</a> Transplantation. 105 (9), 1989-1997 (2021).</li><li>Li, T., Hu, Z., Wang, L., Lv, G. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Details+determining+the+success+in+establishing+a+mouse+orthotopic+liver+transplantation+model.">Details determining the success in establishing a mouse orthotopic liver transplantation model.</a> World J Gastroenterol. 26 (27), 3889-3898 (2020).</li><li>Tian, Y., R&#252;diger, H. A., Jochum, W., Clavien, P. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+arterialized+and+nonarterialized+orthotopic+liver+transplantation+in+mice:+Prowess+or+relevant+model.">Comparison of arterialized and nonarterialized orthotopic liver transplantation in mice: Prowess or relevant model.</a> Transplantation. 74 (9), 1242-1246 (2002).</li><li>Steger, U., Sawitzki, B., Gassel, A. M., Gassel, H. J., Wood, K. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impact+of+hepatic+rearterialization+on+reperfusion+injury+and+outcome+after+mouse+liver+transplantation.">Impact of hepatic rearterialization on reperfusion injury and outcome after mouse liver transplantation.</a> Transplantation. 76 (2), 327-332 (2003).</li><li>Chen, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+review+of+various+techniques+of+mouse+liver+transplantation.">A review of various techniques of mouse liver transplantation.</a> Transplant Proc. 45 (6), 2517-2521 (2013).</li><li>Kojima, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=T+cell+carcinoembryonic+antigen-related+cell+adhesion+molecule+1-T+cell+immunoglobulin+domain+and+mucin+domain-containing+protein+3+cross+talk+alleviates+liver+transplant+injury+in+mice+and+humans.">T cell carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1-T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-containing protein 3 cross talk alleviates liver transplant injury in mice and humans.</a> Gastroenterology. 165 (5), 1233-1248 (2023).</li><li>Yokota, S., Yoshida, O., Ono, Y., Geller, D. A., Thomson, A. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Liver+transplantation+in+the+mouse:+Insights+into+liver+immunobiology,+tissue+injury,+and+allograft+tolerance.">Liver transplantation in the mouse: Insights into liver immunobiology, tissue injury, and allograft tolerance.</a> Liver Transpl. 22 (4), 536-546 (2016).</li></ol>

Learning vascular reconstruction is the most challenging aspect of achieving successful MOLT. The cuff's quality significantly influences the reconstruction's difficulty, given the small size of mice5. This article provides a detailed protocol for cuff preparation, attachment, and reconstruction.
While there are no major differences from previous reports regarding cuff preparation and connection2,5, some minor p...

Mouse orthotopic liver transplantation (MOLT) is an effective experimental method first reported in 19911. This experimental model, which utilizes genetically modified mice and various research reagents, has played a pivotal role in investigating warm and cold ischemia and reperfusion injuries. However, the model&#39;s high technical complexity has hindered the development of basic medicine for liver transplantation2. MOLT involves three major steps: (1) retrieval of the liver from the donor mouse, (2) back table surgery, and (3) implantation of the liver into the recipient. Among these recipient procedures, vascular anastomosis poses the greatest challenge. While the suprahepatic inferior vena cava anastomosis is typically completed by hand stitching2, the infrahepatic inferior vena cava (IHIVC) and portal vein (PV) can be reconstructed more efficiently using plastic cuffs in place of hand-sewn sutures.
The anhepatic period signifies the interval between the removal of the recipient&#39;s native liver and the graft implantation. To ensure consistent results, it is imperative to limit the anhepatic time to less than 20 min. Consequently, studies employing this model have been confined to specific institutions3,4,5,6,7,8,9. Among the various stages of MOLT, achieving smooth PV and IHIVC reconstruction is crucial for minimizing anhepatic time and ensuring successful transplantation.
PV and IVC reconstruction is generally carried out using vascular cuffs since the cuff technique simplifies vascular anastomosis compared to hand-sewn sutures2,5,8. The technique involved in vascular cuff preparation and secure attachment of the cuff significantly impacts the complexity of recipient vascular reconstruction. Our objective is to provide detailed visual guidance for numerous technical tips related to the cuff method, thereby reducing the learning curve. These video clips will provide a clear understanding of how to attach the cuff to the vessels and reconstruct the PV and IHIVC during recipient surgery.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>16 G intravenous catheter</td>
			<td>TERUMO</td>
			<td>SR-FF2032</td>
			<td>IHIVC cuff</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20 G intravenous catheter</td>
			<td>TERUMO</td>
			<td>SR-FF1651</td>
			<td>PV cuff</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>8-0 braid silk</td>
			<td>Natsume Seisakusho</td>
			<td>CR9-80B2</td>
			<td>8-0 silk</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Belzer UW Cold Storage Solution&#160;</td>
			<td>Astellas</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Organ preservation fluid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bulldog clamp</td>
			<td>B BRAUN</td>
			<td>FB329R</td>
			<td>Bulldog clamp</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>C57BL/6 mice&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>Oriental Bio Service</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane inhalation solution</td>
			<td>Viatris</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Anesthesic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro Blunted Tips 0.1 mm x 0.06 mm&#160;</td>
			<td>F.S.T</td>
			<td>11253-20</td>
			<td>Straight microforceps</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro Serrefine Clamp Applicator with Lock</td>
			<td>F.S.T</td>
			<td>18056-14</td>
			<td>Vessel clip applicator</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro Serrefines&#160;</td>
			<td>F.S.T</td>
			<td>18055-4</td>
			<td>Vessel clip</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>No.11 Spare Blades</td>
			<td>FEATHER Safety Razor</td>
			<td>11</td>
			<td>Blades</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ophthalmic scissor, round handle</td>
			<td>B BRAUN</td>
			<td>FD103R</td>
			<td>Microscissor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plastic rectangular-shaped container&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>Daiso</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>10 cm long, 15 cm wide and 6 cm high</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SuperGrip Tips</td>
			<td>F.S.T</td>
			<td>00649-11&#160;</td>
			<td>Curved microforceps</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SZX7</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>SZX7</td>
			<td>Microscope</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

vascular reconstruction with the cuff technique in mouse orthotopic liver transplantation

Mouse orthotopic liver transplantation is an effective methodology for investigating the underlying mechanisms of liver ischemia and reperfusion injury. However, the technical challenges pose a barrier to utilizing this valuable experimental model and passing on these skills to the next generation. The most challenging aspect of this procedure is vascular reconstruction, including the portal vein (PV), infrahepatic inferior vena cava (IHIVC), and suprahepatic inferior vena cava. The use of plastic cuffs, rather than sutures, allows for smoother PV and IHIVC reconstruction. Vessels are reconstructed by attaching a cuff made from an intravenous catheter to the tip of the graft vessel and interposing the cuff into the recipient vessel. The two most crucial aspects are properly visualizing the inner lumen of the vessel and avoiding the use of excessive force. Our aim is to provide a technical overview of vascular reconstructions using the cuff technique in recipient surgery. These technical tips for the cuff technique are expected to help microsurgeons facilitate vascular reconstruction and advance their research.

Author Spotlight: Exploring Cold Ischemia and Warm Reperfusion Injury in Fatty Liver Transplantation

Vascular Reconstruction with the Cuff Technique in Mouse Orthotopic Liver Transplantation

PV reconstruction is successful when, upon unclamping the portal vein, there is no tortuosity, and the liver is uniformly perfused. Anhepatic time should be under 20 min, as anhepatic times exceeding 25 min increase the risk of mouse mortality. IHIVC reconstruction is deemed successful if there is no blood regurgitation from the graft.
Storing the graft at cold temperatures for 1 h using organ preservation solution results in a serum alanine aminotransferase level of approximately 2,000 U/L at...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Author Spotlight: Exploring Cold Ischemia and Warm Reperfusion Injury in Fatty Liver Transplantation at JoVE.com

This protocol provides technical information for vessel reconstruction using the cuff technique in mouse orthotopic liver transplantation.

Mouse orthotopic liver transplantation is an effective methodology for investigating the underlying mechanisms of liver ischemia and reperfusion injury. ...

We focus our research on liver transplantation, in particular on cold ischemia and warm reperfusion injury. We use mouse liver transplantation model as a research tool for this purpose. Because the technique is difficult, so it can take a long time to learn and to achieve consistent results.In the future, we'd like to conduct research on fatty liver transplantation. This is still a problem to overcome on clinical liver transplantation.