Name: 저자 스포트라이트: 바이오플라보노이드 전달 향상을 위한 친환경 리그닌 기반 미세입자의 개발 및 특성 분석
Uploaded: 2024-03-01T14:05:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Author Spotlight: Development and Characterization of Eco-Friendly Lignin-Based Microparticles for Enhanced Delivery of Bioflavonoids at JoVE.com

이 연구는 계약 번호 KΠ-06 H59/3에 따라 불가리아 과학 기금(Bulgarian Scientific Fund)과 트라키아 대학교(Trakia University)의 과학 프로젝트 번호 07/2023 FVM의 지원을 받았습니다.

1. 리그닌 미세입자의 합성
<ol><li>자기 교반기에 50mL의 초순수에 알칼리 리그닌 2.5g을 용해시켜 50mg/mL 알칼리 리그닌 수용액을 준비합니다.</li>
	<li>1mL의 Tween 80을 1mL의 초순수에 100mL를 용해시켜 80% Tween 80 용액을 준비합니다.</li>
	<li>6.65mL의 67% HNO3(밀도 = 1.413g/mL) 6.65mL를 초순수로 희석하여 최종 부피 50mL로 HNO3 2M 용액을 준비합니다.</li>
	<li>1% Tween 80 용액 15mL를 50mg/mL 알...

바이오플라보노이드 방출을 위한 리그닌 마이크로/서브미크론 입자 합성

<ol>
	<li>Yu, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lignin+nanoparticles+with+high+phenolic+content+as+efficient+antioxidant+and+sun-blocker+for+food+and+cosmetics.">Lignin nanoparticles with high phenolic content as efficient antioxidant and sun-blocker for food and cosmetics.</a> ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 11 (10), 4082-4092 (2023).</li><li>Boarino, A., Klok, H. -. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Opportunities+and+challenges+for+lignin+valorization+in+food+packaging,+antimicrobial,+and+agricultural+applications.">Opportunities and challenges for lignin valorization in food packaging, antimicrobial, and agricultural applications.</a> Biomacromolecules. 24 (3), 1065-1077 (2023).</li><li>Aadil, K., Barapatre, A., Jha, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis+and+characterization+of+Acacia+lignin-gelatin+film+for+its+possible+application+in+food+packaging.">Synthesis and characterization of Acacia lignin-gelatin film for its possible application in food packaging.</a> Bioresour. Bioprocess. 3 (27), 1-11 (2016).</li><li>Sharma, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Valorization+of+lignin+into+nanoparticles+and+nanogel:+characterization+and+application.">Valorization of lignin into nanoparticles and nanogel: characterization and application.</a> Bioresour. Technol. Reports. 18, 101041 (2022).</li><li>Zadeh, E. M., O'Keefe, S. F., Kim, Y. -. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Utilization+of+lignin+in+biopolymeric+packaging+films.">Utilization of lignin in biopolymeric packaging films.</a> ACS Omega. 3 (7), 7388-7398 (2018).</li><li>Beaucamp, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lignin+for+energy+applications+-+state+of+the+art,+life+cycle,+technoeconomic+analysis+and+future+trends+(Critical+Review).">Lignin for energy applications - state of the art, life cycle, technoeconomic analysis and future trends (Critical Review).</a> Green Chem. 24, 8193-8226 (2022).</li><li>Antunes, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=From+sugarcane+to+skin:+Lignin+as+a+multifunctional+ingredient+for+cosmetic+application.">From sugarcane to skin: Lignin as a multifunctional ingredient for cosmetic application.</a> Int J Biol Macromol. 234, 123592 (2023).</li><li>Garg, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Applications+of+lignin+nanoparticles+for+cancer+drug+delivery:+An+update.">Applications of lignin nanoparticles for cancer drug delivery: An update.</a> Materials Letters. 311, 131573 (2022).</li><li>Anushikha, K. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lignin+as+a+UV+blocking,+antioxidant,+and+antimicrobial+agent+for+food+packaging+applications.">Lignin as a UV blocking, antioxidant, and antimicrobial agent for food packaging applications.</a> Biomass Conv. Bioref. , 1-14 (2023).</li><li>Freitas, F. M. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=synthesis+of+lignin+nano-+and+micro-particles:+Physicochemical+characterization,+bioactive+properties+and+cytotoxicity+assessment.">synthesis of lignin nano- and micro-particles: Physicochemical characterization, bioactive properties and cytotoxicity assessment.</a> Int J Biol Macromol. 163, 1798-1809 (2020).</li><li>Rismawati, R., Nurdin, I. A., Pradiptha, M. N., Maulidiyah, A., Mubarakati, N. 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K., Wyrobnik, T. A., Lam, A. T. -. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Emerging+trends+in+biodegradable+microcarriers+for+therapeutic+applications.">Emerging trends in biodegradable microcarriers for therapeutic applications.</a> Polymers. 15 (6), 1487 (2023).</li><li>Figueiredo, P., Lintinen, K., Hirvonen, J. T., Kostiainen, M. A., Santos, H. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Properties+and+chemical+modifications+of+lignin:+Towards+lignin-based+nanomaterials+for+biomedical+applications.">Properties and chemical modifications of lignin: Towards lignin-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications.</a> Prog. Mater. Sci. 93, 233-269 (2018).</li><li>Tang, Q., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lignin-based+nanoparticles:+a+review+on+their+preparations+and+applications.">Lignin-based nanoparticles: a review on their preparations and applications.</a> Polymers. 12 (11), 2471 (2020).</li><li>Zhao, W., Simmons, B., Singh, S., Ragauskas, A., Cheng, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=From+lignin+association+to+nano-/micro-particle+preparation:+extracting+higher+value+of+lignin.">From lignin association to nano-/micro-particle preparation: extracting higher value of lignin.</a> Green Chemistry. 18 (21), 5693-5700 (2016).</li><li>Stewart, H., Golding, M., Matia-Merino, L., Archer, R., Davies, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Manufacture+of+lignin+microparticles+by+anti-solvent+precipitation:+Effect+of+preparation+temperature+and+presence+of+sodium+dodecyl+sulfate.">Manufacture of lignin microparticles by anti-solvent precipitation: Effect of preparation temperature and presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate.</a> Food Res Int. 66, 93-99 (2014).</li><li>Beisl, S., Friedl, A., Miltner, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lignin+from+micro-+to+nanosize:+Applications.">Lignin from micro- to nanosize: Applications.</a> Int. J. Mol. Sci. 18, 2367 (2017).</li><li>Mishra, P. K., Ekielski, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+simple+method+to+synthesize+lignin+nanoparticles.">A simple method to synthesize lignin nanoparticles.</a> Colloids Interfaces. 3, 52 (2019).</li><li>Qian, Y., Deng, Y., Qiu, X., Li, H., Yang, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Formation+of+uniform+colloidal+spheres+from+lignin,+a+renewable+resource+recovered+from+pulping+spent+liquor.">Formation of uniform colloidal spheres from lignin, a renewable resource recovered from pulping spent liquor.</a> Green Chem. 16, 2156-2163 (2014).</li><li>Tardy, B. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lignin+nano-+and+microparticles+as+template+for+nanostructured+materials:+formation+of+hollow+metal-phenolic+capsules.">Lignin nano- and microparticles as template for nanostructured materials: formation of hollow metal-phenolic capsules.</a> Green Chem. 20, 1335-1344 (2018).</li><li>Silva, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Paraquat-loaded+alginate/chitosan+nanoparticles:+preparation,+characterization+and+soil+sorption+studies.">Paraquat-loaded alginate/chitosan nanoparticles: preparation, characterization and soil sorption studies.</a> J Haz Mat. 190 (1-3), 366-374 (2011).</li><li>Georgieva, N., Yaneva, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparative+evaluation+of+natural+and+acid-modified+layered+mineral+materials+as+rimifon-carriers+using+UV/VIS,+FTIR,+and+equilibrium+sorption+study.">Comparative evaluation of natural and acid-modified layered mineral materials as rimifon-carriers using UV/VIS, FTIR, and equilibrium sorption study.</a> Cogent Chem. 1 (1), 1-16 (2015).</li><li>Zhang, P., Chen, D., Li, L., Sun, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Charge+reversal+nano-systems+for+tumor+therapy.">Charge reversal nano-systems for tumor therapy.</a> J Nanobiotechnol. 20, 31 (2022).</li><li>Yaneva, Z. 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생체 고분자를 기반으로 한 약물 전달체 제형의 설계를 위한 현대 합성 방법론의 주요 중요한 문제 중 하나는 테트라하이드로푸란, 아세톤, 메탄올 및 심지어 고농도의 DMSO와 같은 휘발성 및 가연성 용매와 같은 유해 유기 시약의 적용이며, 이는 가능한 독성 효과의 징후로 인해 생물 의학, 제약 산업 및 식품 기술에서의 적용을 제한합니다20, 21,22,23,24.<...

오늘날 셀룰로오스, 키토산, 콜라겐, 덱스트란, 젤라틴 및 리그닌과 같은 바이오 폴리머에 대한 경향은 조직 공학, 3D 바이오프린팅, 체외에서의 적용 가능성으로 인해 생물 의학, 제약 및 식품 기술 산업에서 맞춤형 크기, 물리화학적 특성 및 생체 기능을 갖춘 마이크로/서브미크론 캐리어 설계의 전구체로 증가하고 있습니다 질병 모델링 플랫폼, 포장 산업, 에멀젼 준비 및 영양소 전달 등 1,2,3.
새로운 연구에서는 리그닌 기반 하이드로겔과 마이크로 및 나노 제형4이 식품포장재5, 에너지 저장6, 화장품7, 열/광 안정제, 강화 재료 및 소수성 분자 전달, UV 장벽개선9을 위한 약물 전달 매트릭스8에 사용되는 유리한 수단으로서의 측면을 강조합니다, 나노 복합 재료의 강화제로, 그리고 최근의 안전 문제로 인해 무기 나노 입자의 대안으로 사용됩니다 10,11,12. 이러한 경향의 원인은 천연 헤테로 바이오 폴리머의 생체 적합성, 생분해성 및 무독성뿐만 아니라 리그닌 항산화 잠재력 및 라디칼 소거, 항증식 및 항균 활성의 입증 된 생체 활성입니다 13,14,15,16,17.
과학 문헌에 따르면 테트라하이드로푸란(THF), 디메틸 설폭사이드(DMSO), N,N-디메틸포름아미드(DMF) 및 아세톤과 같은 비싸거나 유해한 용매의 적용을 포함하여 리그닌 기반 마이크로/나노 스케일 제형의 다양한 합성 방법(자체 조립, 반용매 침전, 산 침전 및 용매 이동)18 및 특성 분석, 많은 장비와 독성 물질을 사용하는 복잡하고 간접적이며 지루한 공정을 포함합니다12,19,20.
후자의 단점을 극복하기 위해 다음 프로토콜은 저렴하고 친환경적인 용매를 사용하여 리그닌 기반 마이크로/서브미크론 입자를 합성하기 위한 새로운 방법론을 제시합니다. 쉽고 간단하며 빠르고 민감한 공정으로 적은 장비, 무독성 물질, 특성 분석 및 수용성이 낮은 생체 활성 화합물에 대한 캡슐화 용량 및 리그닌 매트릭스의 체외 방출 가능성 측정을 위한 간단한 방법을 필요로 합니다. 제시된 실험실 규모의 생산 방법은 생물 의학 및 식품 기술의 다양한 분야에서 응용할 수 있는 간단한 특성 분석 절차와 친환경 화학 물질을 활용하여 조정 가능한 크기, 높은 캡슐화 용량 및 지속 가능한 체외 방출 거동을 가진 기능성 리그닌 운반체의 제조에 유리합니다. 두 개의 플라보노이드를 리그닌 입자에 캡슐화된 표적 분자로 적용했습니다: 모린-미립자로, 퀘르세틴-서브미크론 입자로. 두 플라보노이드의 구조에 있는 다름은 B 방향족 반지에 있는 두번째 -OH 그룹의 위치만 입니다: -OH 그룹은 모린에 있는 2' 위치와 퀘르세틴에 있는 3' 위치에 있습니다, 따라서 두 유기 화합물 다 위치 이성질체입니다. 후자의 사실은 캡슐화 및/또는 방출 과정에서 두 생체 활성 천연 화합물의 유사한 행동을 가정합니다.

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			<td>automatic-cell counter</td>
			<td>EVE, NanoEnTek</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Citric acid</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>251275</td>
			<td>&#160;ACS reagent, &#8805;99.5%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>digital water bath</td>
			<td>Memmert</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eppendorf tubes, 1.5-2 mL</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>34852-M</td>
			<td>absolute, suitable for HPLC, &#8805;99.8%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Folin&#8211;Ciocalteu&#8217;s phenol reagent</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>F9252</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160;freeze dryer</td>
			<td>Biobase</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>gallic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-</td>
			<td>BCBW7577</td>
			<td>monohydrate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HCl</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>258148</td>
			<td>ACS reagent, 37%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HNO3</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>438073</td>
			<td>&#160;ACS reagent, 70%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>lignin, alkali</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>370959</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>morin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>PHL82601</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaCl</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>S9888</td>
			<td>ACS reagent, &#8805;99.0%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Na2CO3</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>223530</td>
			<td>powder, &#8805;99.5%, ACS reagent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaOH</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>655104</td>
			<td>reagent grade, 97%, powder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>orbital shaker</td>
			<td>IKA</td>
			<td>KS 130 basic</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pH-meter</td>
			<td>Consort</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>RNBH7571</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Quercetin hydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>STBG3815V</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>statistical software for Excel</td>
			<td>Microsoft Corporation</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>XLSTAT&#160; Version 2022.4.5.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tween 80</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P8074</td>
			<td>BioXtra, viscous liquid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ultracentrifuge</td>
			<td>Hermle</td>
			<td>Z 326 K</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultrapure water system</td>
			<td>Adrona</td>
			<td>INTEGRITY+</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ultrasound homogenizer</td>
			<td>Bandelin Sonopuls</td>
			<td>HD 2070</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>UV/Vis spectrophotometer</td>
			<td>Hach-Lange</td>
			<td>DR 5000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

green synthesis, characterization, encapsulation, and measurement of the release potential of novel alkali lignin micro-/submicron particles

인간, 수의학, 제약 및 식품 기술에서 생체 고분자 마이크로/나노 기술의 적용 가능성은 효과적인 운반 시스템으로서 생체 고분자 기반 입자의 큰 잠재력으로 인해 빠르게 성장하고 있습니다. 리그닌을 혁신적인 마이크로/서브미크론 제형의 설계를 위한 기본 헤테로폴리머 생체 매트릭스로 사용하면 생체 적합성을 높일 수 있으며 다양한 활성 작용기를 제공하여 다양한 응용 분야에 대한 제형의 물리화학적 특성 및 생체 활성을 맞춤화할 수 있는 기회를 제공합니다. 본 연구의 목적은 마이크로 및 서브미크론 크기의 리그닌 입자를 합성하기 위한 간단하고 친환경적인 방법론을 개발하는 것이었습니다. 그들의 물리화학적, 스펙트럼적, 구조적 특성을 평가하기 위해; 그리고 생물학적으로 활성 분자를 캡슐화할 수 있는 능력과 시뮬레이션된 위장 매체에서 바이오플라보노이드의 체외 방출 가능성을 조사합니다. 제시된 방법론은 저렴하고 친환경적인 용매를 적용합니다. 적은 장비, 무독성 물질, 간단한 특성 분석 방법, 수용성이 낮은 생체 활성 화합물인 모린 및 퀘르세틴에 대한 캡슐화 용량 측정, 리그닌 매트릭스의 체외 방출 잠재력이 필요한 쉽고 간단하며 빠르고 민감한 공정.

Nowadays inclination towards biopolymers such as cellulose, chitosan, collagen, dextran, gelatin, and lignin as precursors for the design of micro-/submicron carriers with customizable size, physicochemical properties, and biofunctionalities has increased in the biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food technology industries due to their applicability in tissue engineering, 3D bioprinting, in vitro disease modeling platforms, packaging industry, emulsion preparation, and nutrient delivery among others1,2,3.
Novel studies highlight the aspects of lignin-based hydrogels as well as micro- and nano- formulations4 as advantageous vehicles used for food packaging materials5, energy storage6, cosmetics7, thermal/light stabilizers, reinforced materials, and drug-carrier matrices8 for the delivery of hydrophobic molecules, improvement of UV barriers9, as reinforcing agents in nanocomposites, and as an alternative to inorganic nanoparticles due to some recent safety issues10,11,12. The reason behind this tendency is the biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity of the natural hetero biopolymer, as well as its proven bioactivities of lignin-antioxidant potential and radical scavenging, anti-proliferative, and antimicrobial activities13,14,15,16,17.
Scientific literature reports various methods for synthesis (self-assembly, anti-solvent precipitation, acid precipitation, and solvent shifting)18 and characterization of lignin-based micro-/nano- scaled formulations, including the application of expensive or harmful solvents such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and acetone, and complicated, indirect, and tedious processes that use a lot of equipment and toxic substances12,19,20.
To overcome the latter disadvantages, the following protocols present novel methodologies for the synthesis of lignin-based micro-/submicron particles using cheap and green solvents; easy, straightforward, quick, and sensitive processes requiring little equipment, non-toxic substances, and simple methods for their characterization and the determination of encapsulation capacity towards poorly water-soluble bioactive compounds and in vitro release potential of the lignin matrices. The presented lab-scale production methods are advantageous for the manufacture of functional lignin carriers with tunable sizes, high encapsulation capacity, and sustainable in vitro release behavior utilizing simple characterization procedures and eco-friendly chemicals that can find application in various areas of biomedical sciences and food technology. Two flavonoids were applied as target molecules encapsulated into the lignin particles: morin-into the microparticles, and quercetin-into the submicron particles. The difference in the structures of both flavonoids Is only the position of the second -OH group in the B-aromatic ring: the -OH group is on the 2&#39; position in morin and on the 3&#39; position in quercetin, thus both organic compounds are positional isomers. The latter fact presumes similar behavior of both bioactive natural compounds in the processes of encapsulation and/or release.

저자 스포트라이트: 바이오플라보노이드 전달 향상을 위한 친환경 리그닌 기반 미세입자의 개발 및 특성 분석

Green Synthesis, Characterization, Encapsulation, and Measurement of the Release Potential of Novel Alkali Lignin Micro-/Submicron Particles(새로운 알칼리 리그닌 마이크로/서브미크론 입자의 방출 가능성 측정)

The objective of this research was to create a straightforward and environmentally friendly process to produce small lignin particles. The study aimed to analyze their physical, chemical, and structural properties, as well as investigate their ability to encapsulate and release bioflavonoids in stimulated gastrointestinal environments. Our method synthesizes lignin based particles using cheap and green solvents.The process is easy, quick, and requires minimal equipment and non-toxic substances. It also has simple methods for characterization, encapsulation, capacity determination, and in-vitro release potential of poorly water soluble bioactive compounds. The innovative biopolymer microparticles are suitable for oral administration due to the lower risk of gastric irritation.The submicron particles, due to the small size and significant release potential, could be applied as injectable formulations.

알칼리 리그닌 마이크로/서브미크론 입자를 생성하기 위해 용매 방지 침전 기법이 실행되었습니다. 희석 된 무기산-질산 / 유기산-구연산의 수용액을 친환경 계면 활성제 / 에탄올이 풍부한 알칼리 리그닌 수용액에 분산시켜 생체 고분자 용질의 점진적인 침전을 초래했으며, 초음파 처리 후 최종적으로 소형 마이크로 / 서브 미크론 입자의 현탁액이 생성되었습니다 (그림 1)....

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Author Spotlight: Development and Characterization of Eco-Friendly Lignin-Based Microparticles for Enhanced Delivery of Bioflavonoids at JoVE.com

우리는 생체 적합성 리그닌 마이크로 및 서브미크론 입자의 합성 및 특성 분석을 위한 새롭고 간단한 방법론을 설명합니다. 이러한 제형은 헤테로폴리머의 활용을 위한 용이한 접근 방식을 제공할 뿐만 아니라 생물 의학, 제약 기술 및 식품 산업에서 잠재적으로 적용 가능한 다기능 캐리어 매트릭스의 합리적인 설계를 위한 대안을 제공합니다.

The applicability of biopolymer micro-/nano- technology in human, veterinary medicine, pharmaceutical, and food technology is rapidly growing due to the ...

이 연구의 목적은 작은 리그닌 입자를 생산하기 위한 간단하고 환경 친화적인 공정을 만드는 것이었습니다. 이 연구는 물리적, 화학적, 구조적 특성을 분석하고 자극된 위장 환경에서 바이오플라보노이드를 캡슐화하고 방출하는 능력을 조사하는 것을 목표로 했습니다. 우리의 방법은 저렴하고 녹색 용매를 사용하여 리그닌 기반 입자를 합성합니다.이 과정은 쉽고 빠르며 최소한의 장비와 무독성 물질이 필요합니다. 또한 특성 분석, 캡슐화, 용량 결정 및 수용성이 낮은 생체 활성 화합물의 체외 방출 가능성을 위한 간단한 방법을 가지고 있습니다. 혁신적인 생체 고분자 미세 입자는 위 자극의 위험이 낮기 때문에 경구 투여에 적합합니다.서브미크론 입자는 크기가 작고 방출 가능성이 크기 때문에 주사 가능한 제형으로 적용할 수 있습니다.

green-synthesis-characterization-encapsulation-measurement-release

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

Green Synthesis, Characterization, Encapsulation, and Measurement of the Release Potential of Novel Alkali Lignin Micro-/Submicron Particles

The applicability of biopolymer micro-/nano- technology in human, veterinary medicine, pharmaceutical, and food technology is rapidly growing due to the great potential of biopolymer-based particles as effective carrier systems. The use of lignin as a basic heteropolymer biomatrix for the design of innovative micro-/submicron formulations allows the achievement of increased biocompatibility and offers various active functional groups presenting opportunities for customization of the physicochemical properties and bioactivities of the formulations for diverse applications. The aim of the present study was to develop a simple and ecofriendly methodology for the synthesis of lignin particles with micro- and submicron size; to evaluate their physicochemical, spectral, and structural characteristics; and to examine their capacity for encapsulation of biologically active molecules and potential for in vitro release of bioflavonoids in simulated gastrointestinal media. The presented methodologies apply cheap and green solvents; easy, straightforward, quick, and sensitive processes requiring little equipment, non-toxic substances, and simple methods for their characterization, the determination of encapsulation capacity towards the poorly water-soluble bioactive compounds morin and quercetin, and the in vitro release potential of the lignin matrices.

We describe novel, simple methodologies of synthesis and characterization of biocompatible lignin micro- and submicron particles. These formulations provide a facile approach for the utilization of the heteropolymer, as well as an alternative for the rational design of multifunctional carrier matrices with potential applicability in biomedicine, pharmaceutical technology, and the food industry.