Name: Autor im Rampenlicht: Multimodale Bildgebungsstrategien zur Optimierung der Wirkstoffverabreichung und Früherkennung bei der Behandlung von Glioblastomen
Uploaded: 2024-03-01T14:15:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Two-Photon Intravital Microscopy of Glioblastoma in a Murine Model at JoVE.com

Wir danken dem Stanford Wu Tsai Neuroscience Microscopy Service, dem Stanford Center for Innovations in In Vivo Imaging (SCi3) - Small Animal Imaging Center, dem NIH S10 Shared Instrumentation Grant (S10RR026917-01, PI Michael Moseley, Ph.D.) und der Stanford Preclinical Imaging Facility am Porter Drive für die Bereitstellung der Ausrüstung und Infrastruktur für dieses Projekt. Diese Arbeit wurde durch einen Zuschuss des National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, Fördernummer R01HD103638, unterstützt. Wir bedanken uns bei der Schnitzer Group, Stanford University; das Zuo-Labor, Universität von Santa Cruz; und das Neurovascular Imaging Laboratory, Boston Photonic Center, University of Boston, für pädagogische Diskussionen über Zwei-Photonen-Bildgebung und kraniale Fenstermodelle.

Das in diesem Protokoll beschriebene Tierverfahren entspricht den Anforderungen des Verwaltungsgremiums für die Behandlung von Versuchstieren (APLAC).
1. Zellkultur
<ol><li>Vorbereitung der Haube<ol><li>Waschen Sie sich die Hände, tragen Sie Handschuhe und einen Laborkittel. Schalten Sie die biologische Sicherheitswerkbank ein und stellen Sie die Flügelhöhe auf eine geeignete Öffnungshöhe ein. Lassen Sie die Haube 3-5 Minuten lang reinigen. Besprühen Sie den Haubenber...

Echtzeit-Tracking von Nanopartikeln in Hirntumoren mittels 2P-IVM bei Mäusen

<ol>
	<li>Denk, W., Strickler, J. H., Webb, W. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Two-photon+laser+scanning+fluorescence+microscopy.">Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy.</a> Science. 248 (4951), 73-76 (1990).</li><li>Wang, Z., McCracken, S., Williams, P. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transpupillary+two-photon+in+vivo+imaging+of+the+mouse+retina.">Transpupillary two-photon in vivo imaging of the mouse retina.</a> J Vis Exp. 168, 61970 (2021).</li><li>Zhang, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+two-photon+microscopy+reveals+the+contribution+of+Sox9++to+kidney+regeneration+in+a+mouse+model+with+extracellular+vesicle+treatment.">In vivo two-photon microscopy reveals the contribution of Sox9+ to kidney regeneration in a mouse model with extracellular vesicle treatment.</a> J Biol Chem. 295 (34), 12203 (2020).</li><li>Jang, W. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Two-photon+microscopy+of+Paneth+cells+in+the+small+intestine+of+live+mice.">Two-photon microscopy of Paneth cells in the small intestine of live mice.</a> Sci Rep. 8 (1), 14174 (2018).</li><li>Ihler, F., Bertlich, M., Weiss, B., Dietzel, S., Canis, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Two-photon+microscopy+allows+imaging+and+characterization+of+cochlear+microvasculature+in+vivo.">Two-photon microscopy allows imaging and characterization of cochlear microvasculature in vivo.</a> Biomed Res Int. 2015, 154272 (2015).</li><li>Matsuura, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intravital+imaging+with+two-photon+microscopy+reveals+cellular+dynamics+in+the+ischeamia-reperfused+rat+heart.">Intravital imaging with two-photon microscopy reveals cellular dynamics in the ischeamia-reperfused rat heart.</a> Sci Rep. 8 (1), 15991 (2018).</li><li>Veres, T. Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intubation-free+in+vivo+imaging+of+the+tracheal+mucosa+using+two-photon+microscopy.">Intubation-free in vivo imaging of the tracheal mucosa using two-photon microscopy.</a> Sci Rep. 7 (1), 694 (2017).</li><li>Zong, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Large-scale+two-photon+calcium+imaging+in+freely+moving+mice.">Large-scale two-photon calcium imaging in freely moving mice.</a> Cell. 185 (7), 1240-1256.e30 (2022).</li><li>Takasaki, K., Abbasi-Asl, R., Waters, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Superficial+bound+of+the+depth+limit+of+two-photon+imaging+in+mouse+brain.">Superficial bound of the depth limit of two-photon imaging in mouse brain.</a> eNeuro. 17 (1), (2019).</li><li>Birkner, A., Konnerth, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deep+two-photon+imaging+in+vivo+with+a+red-shifted+calcium+indicator.">Deep two-photon imaging in vivo with a red-shifted calcium indicator.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 1929, 15-26 (1929).</li><li>Busche, M. 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B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Brain+tumor+imaging:+live+imaging+of+glioma+by+two-photon+microscopy.">Brain tumor imaging: live imaging of glioma by two-photon microscopy.</a> Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2013 (3), (2013).</li><li>Ricard, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phenotypic+dynamics+of+microglial+and+monocyte-derived+cells+in+glioblastoma-bearing+mice.">Phenotypic dynamics of microglial and monocyte-derived cells in glioblastoma-bearing mice.</a> Sci Rep. 6, 26381 (2016).</li><li>Soub&#233;ran, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+VEGF+blockade+on+the+dynamics+of+the+inflammatory+landscape+in+glioblastoma-bearing+mice.">Effects of VEGF blockade on the dynamics of the inflammatory landscape in glioblastoma-bearing mice.</a> J Neuroinflammation. 16 (1), 191 (2019).</li><li>Zhang, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real-time+vivo+reveals+specific+nanoparticle+target+binding+in+a+syngeneic+glioma+mouse+model.">Real-time vivo reveals specific nanoparticle target binding in a syngeneic glioma mouse model.</a> Nanoscale. 14 (15), 5678-5688 (2022).</li><li>Wartchow, K. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Treatment+with+cyclic+AMP+activators+reduces+glioblastoma+growth+and+invasion+as+assessed+by+two-photon+microscopy.">Treatment with cyclic AMP activators reduces glioblastoma growth and invasion as assessed by two-photon microscopy.</a> Cells. 10 (3), 556 (2021).</li><li>Jiang, L. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Label-free+detection+of+fibrillar+collagen+deposition+associated+with+vascular+elements+in+glioblastoma+multiforme+by+using+multiphoton+microscopy.">Label-free detection of fibrillar collagen deposition associated with vascular elements in glioblastoma multiforme by using multiphoton microscopy.</a> J Microsc. 265 (2), 207-213 (2017).</li><li>Chen, Z., Ross, J. L., Hambardzumyan, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intravital+2-photon+imaging+reveals+distinct+morphology+and+infiltrative+properties+of+glioblastoma-associated+macrophages.">Intravital 2-photon imaging reveals distinct morphology and infiltrative properties of glioblastoma-associated macrophages.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 116 (28), 14254-14259 (2019).</li><li>Zhang, Y. 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Wir präsentieren eine Methode zur Echtzeit-In-vivo-NP-Verfolgung mit 2P-IVM durch ein kraniales Fenster, um die Tumorabgabe von fluoreszenzmarkierten Eisenoxid-NPs zu bewerten. Die Operationstechnik für diesen Eingriff erfordert eine ruhige Hand und fortgeschrittene experimentelle chirurgische Fähigkeiten. Es ist ratsam, den Umgang mit Kadavern oder Phantomen zu üben, bevor Sie zur Live-Tiererfahrung übergehen. Als Alternative implementierten Hoeferlin et al. einen Roboterbohrer, um thermische Schäden zu r...

Die Zwei-Photonen-Intravitalmikroskopie (2P-IVM) ist ein Fluoreszenzbildgebungsverfahren, das die Visualisierung von lebendem Gewebeermöglicht 1.
2P-IVM wurde erstmals in den 1990er Jahren entwickelt und wurde für die In-vivo-Analyse der Netzhaut2, der Niere3, des Dünndarms4, der Cochlea5, des Herzens6, der Luftröhre7 und des Gehirns in verschiedenen präklinischen Modellen verwendet 8,9. Im Bereich der Neurowissenschaften hat 2P-IVM als Technik für die Echtzeit-Bildgebung des gesunden Gehirns bei wachen Tierenan Bedeutung gewonnen 10 sowie zur Untersuchung von Erkrankungen des Nervensystems wie Alzheimer11, Parkinson12 und Glioblastom (GBM)13,14,15,16.
2P-IVM bietet eine elegante Lösung für die Untersuchung der Tumormikroumgebung während der Entwicklung von GBM. Während sich einige frühere Studien auf In-vitro-17- und Ex-vivo-Modelle 18 konzentrierten, implementierten andere orthotopische19- und xenotrope20-In-vivo-Modelle zur Untersuchung von GBM. Madden et al. führten eine native Bildgebung der CNS-1-Rattengliomzelllinie in einem Mausmodelldurch 13. Unter Verwendung eines orthotopen GL261-DsRed-Mausmodells führten Ricard et al. eine intravenöse Verabreichung eines Fluorophors durch, um die Blutgefäße in der Tumorregion in 2P-IVM14 zu verbessern. 
Hier wenden wir 2P-IVM an, um die Tumorabgabe von fluoreszenzmarkierten Eisenoxid-Nanopartikeln (NP) in einem orthotopen Mausmodell von GBM zu verfolgen. Mit Hilfe eines kranialen Fensters können wir mit dieser Methode die räumlich-zeitliche Verteilung von NPs im Gehirn in Echtzeit im Detail untersuchen.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>0.9% sodium chloride infusion solution</td>
			<td>Baxter Corp</td>
			<td>533-JB1301P</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td> 
			Dulbecco&#39;s Modified Eagle Medium</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11965-092</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 mL syringes</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>Luer-Lok syringe, REF309628</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10%&#160;FBS</td>
			<td>Thermo fisher</td>
			<td>Cytiva SH30910.03HI</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10% DMSO</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D8418-50ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-photon microscope</td>
			<td>Prairie Technologies, Bruker</td>
			<td>Prairie Ultima IV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alcohol applicators, 70%</td>
			<td>Medline Industries, LP</td>
			<td>MDS093810</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alcohol, spray bottle</td>
			<td>Decon Labs Inc</td>
			<td>Decon SaniHol, 04-355-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aluminum foil</td>
			<td>Reynold Brands</td>
			<td>Reynold Wrap non-stick aluminum foil</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anesthesia machine</td>
			<td>Patterson Scientific</td>
			<td>SAS3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anesthesia monitoring&#160;</td>
			<td>Kent Scientific&#160;</td>
			<td>MouseSTAT Jr. Rodent Pulsoxymeter</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Antibiotic-Antimycotic (100x), liquid</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15240-096</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Betadine applicators</td>
			<td>Professional Disposables International, Inc</td>
			<td>S41125</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biopsy punch, 5 mm&#160;</td>
			<td>Miltex</td>
			<td>Size 5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buprenorphine sustained release</td>
			<td>Zoo Pharm</td>
			<td>Bup SR Lab, 1.0 mg/mL</td>
			<td>A generic drug can be used instead.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>C6 rat glioma cell line</td>
			<td>ATCC (American Tissue Culture Collection)</td>
			<td>CCL-107</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cannulas</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>16 G, 1.1/2&#8221;, 30 G, 1&#8221;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carprofen</td>
			<td>Pfizer&#160;</td>
			<td>Rimadyl, 50 mg/ml</td>
			<td>A generic drug can be used instead.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cefazoline</td>
			<td>Sagent Pharmaceuticals</td>
			<td>25021-101-10, 1 g/vial</td>
			<td>A generic drug can be used instead.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell strainer, 40 &#181;m</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>87711</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cotton tip applicators, 6&#8221;&#160;</td>
			<td>Dyad Medical Sourcing, LLC</td>
			<td>HCS1005</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dental cement</td>
			<td>Stoelting Co</td>
			<td>51459</td>
			<td>Dental cement kit, clear, 2 components</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dexamethasone</td>
			<td>Bimeda</td>
			<td>138RX, 2 mg/mL</td>
			<td>A generic drug can be used instead.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DietGel</td>
			<td>ClearH2O</td>
			<td>Recovery, 72-06-502</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Drape&#160;</td>
			<td>Cardinal Health</td>
			<td>Bio Shield Wrap</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Drill</td>
			<td>Saeyang Microtech</td>
			<td>Escort Pro, B08350</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Drill tips&#160;</td>
			<td>Hager &#38; Meissinger GmbH</td>
			<td>REF310104001001005</td>
			<td>Size 005, US 1/4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FIJI imaging analysis software</td>
			<td>National Institute of Health</td>
			<td>https://imagej.net/software/fiji/</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forceps</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>13-812-41</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gauze</td>
			<td>Fisher HealthCare</td>
			<td>Sterile Cotton Gauze Pad, 4 x 4&#8221;, 22-415-469</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gelfoam&#160;</td>
			<td>Ethicon Inc.&#160;</td>
			<td>Surgifoam absorbable gelatin sponge, Ref. 1972</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Germinator&#160;</td>
			<td>Cellpoint Scientific&#160;</td>
			<td>Germinator 500, No. 11688</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass coverslips, 5 mm diameter</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>Menzel Cover glass&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gloves, non-sterile</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>Nitrile powder-free medical examination gloves</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gloves, sterile</td>
			<td>Medline Industries, LP</td>
			<td>MDS104070</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hair removal cream</td>
			<td>Church &#38; Dwight</td>
			<td>Nair Hair remover lotion&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hamilton syringe</td>
			<td>Hamilton Company Inc</td>
			<td>Gastight #1701, 10 &#181;L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HBSS without Ca, Mg</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>PI88284</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Head bar</td>
			<td>Hongway</td>
			<td>5 mm inner diameter O-rings</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heating pad</td>
			<td>Stoelting Co.&#160;</td>
			<td>Rodent warmer X2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin syringes</td>
			<td>Exel International Medical Products&#160;</td>
			<td>29G x 1/2&#8243;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Iron oxide nanoparticles</td>
			<td>Covis Pharma GmbH</td>
			<td>Feraheme ferumoxytol injection, 510 mg/17 mL, 59338077501</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>Dechra</td>
			<td>26675-46-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mice</td>
			<td>Jackson Laboratories</td>
			<td>NSG, Strain 005557</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscope (surgery)</td>
			<td>Seiler Medical</td>
			<td>Seiler IQ Q-100-220</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nanoparticles</td>
			<td>Custom</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Iron oxide nanoparticles (Ferumoxytol) labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ophtalmic ointment</td>
			<td>Major pharmaceuticals</td>
			<td>Lubrifresh P.M. nighttime ointment, 203964</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oxygen</td>
			<td>Linde Gas &#38; Equipment Inc.&#160;</td>
			<td>High Pressure Steel K Style Cylinder, 249CF, 2000PSIG, CGA 540</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plastic cups</td>
			<td>Georgia-Pacirif Consumer Products</td>
			<td>Dixie Portion Cup, 2 oz., Plastic, Clear, PK2400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyethylene tubing</td>
			<td>Braintree Scientific</td>
			<td>50-195-5494</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scale</td>
			<td>Ohaus Corp</td>
			<td>CR2200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpel</td>
			<td>Integra Life Sciences Production Corp</td>
			<td>Integra Miltex Stainless steel disposable scalpel</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scissors</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>13-804-18</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sealant</td>
			<td>Henkel Corp</td>
			<td>Loctite 4014</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Single use lab gown</td>
			<td>High Tech Conversions</td>
			<td>17-444-081</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereotactic frame</td>
			<td>Stoelting Co.&#160;</td>
			<td>Stoelting New Standard TM</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile Vacuum Bottle Top Filtration Systems</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>S2GPU05RE, MilliporeSigma NO.:S2GPU05RE</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Styrofoam box</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical gloves</td>
			<td>Cardinal Health</td>
			<td>19-163-108</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical glue, 3M Vetbond tissues adhesive</td>
			<td>3M Animal Care Prodcuts</td>
			<td>1469SB</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tail vein cathether</td>
			<td>Custom</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Consists of two 30 G cannulas connected with sillicone tubing&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TrypLE Express (1x), no phenol red</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>12604-039</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultraviolett torch</td>
			<td>Spring sunshine technology</td>
			<td>Consciot</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

two-photon intravital microscopy of glioblastoma in a murine model

Die Verabreichung von intravenös verabreichten Krebstherapeutika an Hirntumoren ist durch die Blut-Hirn-Schranke begrenzt. Eine Methode zur direkten Abbildung der Akkumulation und Verteilung von Makromolekülen in Hirntumoren in vivo würde unsere Fähigkeit, die Wirkstoffabgabe in präklinischen Modellen zu verstehen und zu optimieren, erheblich verbessern. Dieses Protokoll beschreibt eine Methode zur Echtzeit-In-vivo-Verfolgung von intravenös verabreichten fluoreszenzmarkierten Nanopartikeln mit Zwei-Photonen-Intravitalmikroskopie (2P-IVM) in einem Mausmodell des Glioblastoms (GBM).
Das Protokoll enthält eine mehrstufige Beschreibung des Verfahrens, einschließlich Anästhesie und Analgesie von Versuchstieren, Schaffung eines Schädelfensters, GBM-Zellimplantation, Platzierung einer Kopfstange, Durchführung von 2P-IVM-Studien und postoperativer Versorgung für Langzeit-Follow-up-Studien. Wir zeigen repräsentative 2P-IVM-Bildgebungssitzungen und Bildanalysen, untersuchen die Vor- und Nachteile dieser Technologie und diskutieren mögliche Anwendungen.
Diese Methode kann leicht modifiziert und für verschiedene Forschungsfragen im Bereich der präklinischen Hirnbildgebung in vivo angepasst werden.

Two-photon intravital microscopy (2P-IVM) is a fluorescence imaging technique that allows the visualization of living tissue1.
First developed in the 1990s, 2P-IVM has been used for in vivo analysis of the retina2, kidney3, small intestine4, cochlea5, heart6, trachea7, and the brain in various preclinical models8,9. In the field of neuroscience, 2P-IVM has gained importance as a technique for real-time imaging of the healthy brain in awake animals10, as well as studying diseases of the nervous system such as Alzheimer&#39;s11, Parkinson&#39;s12 and glioblastoma (GBM)13,14,15,16.
2P-IVM offers an elegant solution for studying the tumor microenvironment during the development of GBM. While some previous studies focused on in vitro17 and ex vivo models18, others implemented orthotopic19 and xenotropic20&#160;in vivo models for examining GBM. Madden et al. performed native imaging of CNS-1 rat glioma cell line in a mouse model13. Using an orthotopic GL261-DsRed murine model, Ricard et al. performed an intravenous administration of a fluorophore to enhance the blood vessels in the tumor region in 2P-IVM14.
Here, we apply 2P-IVM for tracking the tumor delivery of fluorescent-labeled iron oxide nanoparticles (NP) in an orthotopic mouse model of GBM. Using a cranial window, this method allows us to study the real-time spatiotemporal distribution of NPs in the brain in detail.

Autor im Rampenlicht: Multimodale Bildgebungsstrategien zur Optimierung der Wirkstoffverabreichung und Früherkennung bei der Behandlung von Glioblastomen

Zwei-Photonen-Intravitalmikroskopie des Glioblastoms im Mausmodell

Glioblastoma is one of the most common primary brain cancer and is associated with fast growth and poor life expectancy. Developing effective therapies for glioblastoma remains a major challenge since the delivery of therapeutics is limited by the blood brain barrier. A method to directly image the accumulation and distribution of macromolecules in the brain would greatly enhance our ability to understand and optimize drug delivery.Two-photon microscopy offers an elegant solution for studying the real-time distribution of nanoparticles in the preclinical model of glioblastoma. By modifying the nanoparticle used in this study, it's possible to investigate the delivery of different drug candidates and combination therapies on a cellular and molecular level. In addition to two-photon intravital microscopy, the iron oxide component of these nanoparticles allow for multimodal imaging with MRI or MPI.For the future, imaging facilities could serve in the realization of early detection to cancer, thereby leading to more effective therapies against malignant neoplasia. One path to achieve this is to merge two-photon intravital microscopy with other imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography and photoacoustic ultrasound.

Hier führten wir eine kraniale Fensteroperation durch und transplantierten C6-Zellen in einem NSG-Mausmodell von GBM (n = 5). Eine ordnungsgemäße Abdichtung zwischen allen an der Herstellung des Fensters beteiligten Komponenten (Abbildung 1A) gewährleistet die Haltbarkeit der Fenster für die Langzeitbildgebung und reduziert zusätzlich die Morbidität. Mit dem für in vivo 2P-IVM angepassten Tisch (Abbildung 2) konnten wir Tiere unter Narkose bis z...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Two-Photon Intravital Microscopy of Glioblastoma in a Murine Model at JoVE.com

Wir stellen einen neuartigen Ansatz für die Zwei-Photonen-Mikroskopie der Tumorabgabe von fluoreszenzmarkierten Eisenoxid-Nanopartikeln an das Glioblastom in einem Mausmodell vor.

The delivery of intravenously administered cancer therapeutics to brain tumors is limited by the blood-brain barrier. A method to directly image the ...

Das Glioblastom ist einer der häufigsten primären Hirntumore und wird mit schnellem Wachstum und geringer Lebenserwartung in Verbindung gebracht. Die Entwicklung wirksamer Therapien für Glioblastome bleibt eine große Herausforderung, da die Verabreichung von Therapeutika durch die Blut-Hirn-Schranke begrenzt ist. Eine Methode, um die Ansammlung und Verteilung von Makromolekülen im Gehirn direkt abzubilden, würde unsere Fähigkeit, die Verabreichung von Medikamenten zu verstehen und zu optimieren, erheblich verbessern.Die Zwei-Photonen-Mikroskopie bietet eine elegante Lösung für die Untersuchung der Echtzeitverteilung von Nanopartikeln im präklinischen Modell des Glioblastoms. Durch die Modifikation des in dieser Studie verwendeten Nanopartikels ist es möglich, die Verabreichung verschiedener Wirkstoffkandidaten und Kombinationstherapien auf zellulärer und molekularer Ebene zu untersuchen. Neben der Zwei-Photonen-Intravitalmikroskopie ermöglicht die Eisenoxidkomponente dieser Nanopartikel eine multimodale Bildgebung mit MRT oder MPI.Für die Zukunft könnten bildgebende Einrichtungen dazu dienen, die Früherkennung von Krebs zu realisieren und damit zu wirksameren Therapien gegen bösartige Neoplasien zu führen. Ein Weg, dies zu erreichen, ist die Verschmelzung der Zwei-Photonen-Intravitalmikroskopie mit anderen Bildgebungsmodalitäten wie Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie und photoakustischem Ultraschall.

two-photon-intravital-microscopy-of-glioblastoma-in-a-murine-model

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

Two-Photon Intravital Microscopy of Glioblastoma in a Murine Model

The delivery of intravenously administered cancer therapeutics to brain tumors is limited by the blood-brain barrier. A method to directly image the accumulation and distribution of macromolecules in brain tumors in vivo would greatly enhance our ability to understand and optimize drug delivery in preclinical models. This protocol describes a method for real-time in vivo tracking of intravenously administered fluorescent-labeled nanoparticles with two-photon intravital microscopy (2P-IVM) in a mouse model of glioblastoma (GBM).
The protocol contains a multi-step description of the procedure, including anesthesia and analgesia of experimental animals, creating a cranial window, GBM cell implantation, placing a head bar, conducting 2P-IVM studies, and post-surgical care for long-term follow-up studies. We show representative 2P-IVM imaging sessions and image analysis, examine the advantages and disadvantages of this technology, and discuss potential applications.
This method can be easily modified and adapted for different research questions in the field of in vivo preclinical brain imaging.

We present a novel approach for two-photon microscopy of the tumor delivery of fluorescent-labeled iron oxide nanoparticles to glioblastoma in a mouse model.