Name: 著者スポットライト:膠芽腫治療における薬物送達と早期発見を最適化するためのマルチモーダルイメージング戦略
Uploaded: 2024-03-01T14:15:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Two-Photon Intravital Microscopy of Glioblastoma in a Murine Model at JoVE.com

このプロジェクトに機器とインフラを提供してくださったStanford Wu Tsai Neuroscience Microscopy Service、Stanford Center for Innovations in In Vivo Imaging(SCi3)小動物イメージングセンター、NIH S10 Shared Instrumentation Grant(S10RR026917-01、PI Michael Moseley, Ph.D.)、およびポータードライブのStanford Preclinical Imaging Facilityに感謝します。この研究は、国立成育医療研究所(助成金番号R01HD103638)の助成金によって支援されました。スタンフォード大学のシュニッツァー・グループに感謝します。サンタクルス大学のZuoラボ。ボストン大学ボストンフォトニックセンターの神経血管イメージング研究所では、2光子イメージングと頭蓋窓モデルに関する教育的議論を行いました。

このプロトコルに記載されている動物手順は、実験動物管理委員会(APLAC)の要件に準拠しています。
1. 細胞培養
<ol><li>フードの準備<ol><li>手を洗い、手袋と白衣を着用してください。生物学的安全キャビネットの電源を入れ、サッシのレベルを適切な開口部の高さに設定します。フードを3〜5分間パージします。フード部分に70%エタノールをスプレーし、テ?...

2P-IVMを用いた脳腫瘍内ナノ粒子のマウスリアルタイム追跡

<ol>
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Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intubation-free+in+vivo+imaging+of+the+tracheal+mucosa+using+two-photon+microscopy.">Intubation-free in vivo imaging of the tracheal mucosa using two-photon microscopy.</a> Sci Rep. 7 (1), 694 (2017).</li><li>Zong, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Large-scale+two-photon+calcium+imaging+in+freely+moving+mice.">Large-scale two-photon calcium imaging in freely moving mice.</a> Cell. 185 (7), 1240-1256.e30 (2022).</li><li>Takasaki, K., Abbasi-Asl, R., Waters, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Superficial+bound+of+the+depth+limit+of+two-photon+imaging+in+mouse+brain.">Superficial bound of the depth limit of two-photon imaging in mouse brain.</a> eNeuro. 17 (1), (2019).</li><li>Birkner, A., Konnerth, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deep+two-photon+imaging+in+vivo+with+a+red-shifted+calcium+indicator.">Deep two-photon imaging in vivo with a red-shifted calcium indicator.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 1929, 15-26 (1929).</li><li>Busche, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+two-photon+calcium+imaging+of+hippocampal+neurons+in+Alzheimer+mouse+models.">In vivo two-photon calcium imaging of hippocampal neurons in Alzheimer mouse models.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 1750, 341-351 (2018).</li><li>Li, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+sensitive+two-photon+probe+to+selectively+detect+monoamine+oxidase+B+activity+in+Parkinson's+disease+models.">A sensitive two-photon probe to selectively detect monoamine oxidase B activity in Parkinson's disease models.</a> Nat Commun. 5, 3276 (2014).</li><li>Madden, K. S., Zettel, M. L., Majewska, A. K., Brown, E. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Brain+tumor+imaging:+live+imaging+of+glioma+by+two-photon+microscopy.">Brain tumor imaging: live imaging of glioma by two-photon microscopy.</a> Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2013 (3), (2013).</li><li>Ricard, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phenotypic+dynamics+of+microglial+and+monocyte-derived+cells+in+glioblastoma-bearing+mice.">Phenotypic dynamics of microglial and monocyte-derived cells in glioblastoma-bearing mice.</a> Sci Rep. 6, 26381 (2016).</li><li>Soub&#233;ran, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+VEGF+blockade+on+the+dynamics+of+the+inflammatory+landscape+in+glioblastoma-bearing+mice.">Effects of VEGF blockade on the dynamics of the inflammatory landscape in glioblastoma-bearing mice.</a> J Neuroinflammation. 16 (1), 191 (2019).</li><li>Zhang, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real-time+vivo+reveals+specific+nanoparticle+target+binding+in+a+syngeneic+glioma+mouse+model.">Real-time vivo reveals specific nanoparticle target binding in a syngeneic glioma mouse model.</a> Nanoscale. 14 (15), 5678-5688 (2022).</li><li>Wartchow, K. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Treatment+with+cyclic+AMP+activators+reduces+glioblastoma+growth+and+invasion+as+assessed+by+two-photon+microscopy.">Treatment with cyclic AMP activators reduces glioblastoma growth and invasion as assessed by two-photon microscopy.</a> Cells. 10 (3), 556 (2021).</li><li>Jiang, L. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Label-free+detection+of+fibrillar+collagen+deposition+associated+with+vascular+elements+in+glioblastoma+multiforme+by+using+multiphoton+microscopy.">Label-free detection of fibrillar collagen deposition associated with vascular elements in glioblastoma multiforme by using multiphoton microscopy.</a> J Microsc. 265 (2), 207-213 (2017).</li><li>Chen, Z., Ross, J. L., Hambardzumyan, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intravital+2-photon+imaging+reveals+distinct+morphology+and+infiltrative+properties+of+glioblastoma-associated+macrophages.">Intravital 2-photon imaging reveals distinct morphology and infiltrative properties of glioblastoma-associated macrophages.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 116 (28), 14254-14259 (2019).</li><li>Zhang, Y. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Labeling+human+mesenchymal+stem+cells+with+gold+nanocages+for+in+vitro+and+in+vivo+tracking+by+two-photon+microscopy+and+photoacoustic+microscopy.">Labeling human mesenchymal stem cells with gold nanocages for in vitro and in vivo tracking by two-photon microscopy and photoacoustic microscopy.</a> Theranostics. 3 (8), 532-543 (2013).</li><li>Schindelin, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fiji:+an+open-source+platform+for+biological-image+analysis.">Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis.</a> Nat Methods. 9 (7), 676-682 (2012).</li><li>Hoeferlin, G. F., Menendez, D. M., Krebs, O. K., Capadona, J. R., Shoffstall, A. 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H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+optical+access+to+an+estimated+one+million+neurons+in+the+live+mouse+cortex.">Long-term optical access to an estimated one million neurons in the live mouse cortex.</a> Cell Rep. 17 (12), 3385-3394 (2016).</li><li>K&#305;l&#305;&#231;, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chronic+cranial+windows+for+long+term+multimodal+neurovascular+imaging+in+mice.">Chronic cranial windows for long term multimodal neurovascular imaging in mice.</a> Front Physiol. 11, 612678 (2021).</li><li>Helm, P. J., Ottersen, O. P., Nase, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+optical+properties+of+the+mouse+cranium-implications+for+in+vivo+multi+photon+laser+scanning+microscopy.">Analysis of optical properties of the mouse cranium-implications for in vivo multi photon laser scanning microscopy.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 178 (2), 316-322 (2009).</li><li>Lu, W., Sun, Q., Wan, J., She, Z., Jiang, X. 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頭蓋窓を通る2P-IVMを使用して、蛍光標識酸化鉄NPの腫瘍送達を評価するためのリアルタイムin vivoNP 追跡方法を紹介します。この手術の手術技術には、安定した手と高度な実験的手術技術が必要です。生きた動物の体験に進む前に、死骸やファントムを使って練習することをお勧めします。代替案として、Hoeferlinらは、熱損傷を減らし、手術技術のばらつきを最小限に抑え、手術を標準?...

2光子生体内顕微鏡(2P-IVM)は、生体組織1の可視化を可能にする蛍光イメージング技術です。
1990年代に初めて開発された2P-IVMは、網膜2、腎臓3、小腸4、蝸牛5、心臓6、気管7、脳のin vivo解析にさまざまな前臨床モデルで使用されています8,9。神経科学の分野では、2P-IVMは、覚醒動物の健康な脳のリアルタイムイメージング10や、アルツハイマー病11、パーキンソン病12、神経膠芽腫(GBM)13、14、15、16などの神経系疾患の研究技術として重要性を増しています16。
2P-IVMは、膠芽腫の発症中に腫瘍微小環境を研究するための洗練されたソリューションを提供します。以前の研究の中には、in vitro17 と ex vivo モデル18 に焦点を当てたものもあれば、GBM を調べるために in vivo モデル19 と異方性20 を実装したものもあります。Maddenらは、マウスモデル13においてCNS-1ラット神経膠腫細胞株のネイティブイメージングを行った。同所性GL261-DsRedマウスモデルを用いて、Ricardらは、2P-IVM14の腫瘍領域の血管を増強するために蛍光色素の静脈内投与を行った。 
ここでは、GBMの同所性マウスモデルにおける蛍光標識酸化鉄ナノ粒子(NP)の腫瘍送達を追跡するために2P-IVMを適用します。この手法では、頭蓋窓を用いて、脳内のNPのリアルタイム時空間分布を詳細に調べることができます。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>0.9% sodium chloride infusion solution</td>
			<td>Baxter Corp</td>
			<td>533-JB1301P</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td> 
			Dulbecco&#39;s Modified Eagle Medium</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11965-092</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 mL syringes</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>Luer-Lok syringe, REF309628</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10%&#160;FBS</td>
			<td>Thermo fisher</td>
			<td>Cytiva SH30910.03HI</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10% DMSO</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D8418-50ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-photon microscope</td>
			<td>Prairie Technologies, Bruker</td>
			<td>Prairie Ultima IV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alcohol applicators, 70%</td>
			<td>Medline Industries, LP</td>
			<td>MDS093810</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alcohol, spray bottle</td>
			<td>Decon Labs Inc</td>
			<td>Decon SaniHol, 04-355-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aluminum foil</td>
			<td>Reynold Brands</td>
			<td>Reynold Wrap non-stick aluminum foil</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anesthesia machine</td>
			<td>Patterson Scientific</td>
			<td>SAS3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anesthesia monitoring&#160;</td>
			<td>Kent Scientific&#160;</td>
			<td>MouseSTAT Jr. Rodent Pulsoxymeter</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Antibiotic-Antimycotic (100x), liquid</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15240-096</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Betadine applicators</td>
			<td>Professional Disposables International, Inc</td>
			<td>S41125</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biopsy punch, 5 mm&#160;</td>
			<td>Miltex</td>
			<td>Size 5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buprenorphine sustained release</td>
			<td>Zoo Pharm</td>
			<td>Bup SR Lab, 1.0 mg/mL</td>
			<td>A generic drug can be used instead.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>C6 rat glioma cell line</td>
			<td>ATCC (American Tissue Culture Collection)</td>
			<td>CCL-107</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cannulas</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>16 G, 1.1/2&#8221;, 30 G, 1&#8221;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carprofen</td>
			<td>Pfizer&#160;</td>
			<td>Rimadyl, 50 mg/ml</td>
			<td>A generic drug can be used instead.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cefazoline</td>
			<td>Sagent Pharmaceuticals</td>
			<td>25021-101-10, 1 g/vial</td>
			<td>A generic drug can be used instead.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell strainer, 40 &#181;m</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>87711</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cotton tip applicators, 6&#8221;&#160;</td>
			<td>Dyad Medical Sourcing, LLC</td>
			<td>HCS1005</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dental cement</td>
			<td>Stoelting Co</td>
			<td>51459</td>
			<td>Dental cement kit, clear, 2 components</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dexamethasone</td>
			<td>Bimeda</td>
			<td>138RX, 2 mg/mL</td>
			<td>A generic drug can be used instead.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DietGel</td>
			<td>ClearH2O</td>
			<td>Recovery, 72-06-502</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Drape&#160;</td>
			<td>Cardinal Health</td>
			<td>Bio Shield Wrap</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Drill</td>
			<td>Saeyang Microtech</td>
			<td>Escort Pro, B08350</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Drill tips&#160;</td>
			<td>Hager &#38; Meissinger GmbH</td>
			<td>REF310104001001005</td>
			<td>Size 005, US 1/4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FIJI imaging analysis software</td>
			<td>National Institute of Health</td>
			<td>https://imagej.net/software/fiji/</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forceps</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>13-812-41</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gauze</td>
			<td>Fisher HealthCare</td>
			<td>Sterile Cotton Gauze Pad, 4 x 4&#8221;, 22-415-469</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gelfoam&#160;</td>
			<td>Ethicon Inc.&#160;</td>
			<td>Surgifoam absorbable gelatin sponge, Ref. 1972</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Germinator&#160;</td>
			<td>Cellpoint Scientific&#160;</td>
			<td>Germinator 500, No. 11688</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass coverslips, 5 mm diameter</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>Menzel Cover glass&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gloves, non-sterile</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>Nitrile powder-free medical examination gloves</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gloves, sterile</td>
			<td>Medline Industries, LP</td>
			<td>MDS104070</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hair removal cream</td>
			<td>Church &#38; Dwight</td>
			<td>Nair Hair remover lotion&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hamilton syringe</td>
			<td>Hamilton Company Inc</td>
			<td>Gastight #1701, 10 &#181;L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HBSS without Ca, Mg</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>PI88284</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Head bar</td>
			<td>Hongway</td>
			<td>5 mm inner diameter O-rings</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heating pad</td>
			<td>Stoelting Co.&#160;</td>
			<td>Rodent warmer X2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin syringes</td>
			<td>Exel International Medical Products&#160;</td>
			<td>29G x 1/2&#8243;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Iron oxide nanoparticles</td>
			<td>Covis Pharma GmbH</td>
			<td>Feraheme ferumoxytol injection, 510 mg/17 mL, 59338077501</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>Dechra</td>
			<td>26675-46-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mice</td>
			<td>Jackson Laboratories</td>
			<td>NSG, Strain 005557</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscope (surgery)</td>
			<td>Seiler Medical</td>
			<td>Seiler IQ Q-100-220</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nanoparticles</td>
			<td>Custom</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Iron oxide nanoparticles (Ferumoxytol) labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ophtalmic ointment</td>
			<td>Major pharmaceuticals</td>
			<td>Lubrifresh P.M. nighttime ointment, 203964</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oxygen</td>
			<td>Linde Gas &#38; Equipment Inc.&#160;</td>
			<td>High Pressure Steel K Style Cylinder, 249CF, 2000PSIG, CGA 540</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plastic cups</td>
			<td>Georgia-Pacirif Consumer Products</td>
			<td>Dixie Portion Cup, 2 oz., Plastic, Clear, PK2400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyethylene tubing</td>
			<td>Braintree Scientific</td>
			<td>50-195-5494</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scale</td>
			<td>Ohaus Corp</td>
			<td>CR2200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpel</td>
			<td>Integra Life Sciences Production Corp</td>
			<td>Integra Miltex Stainless steel disposable scalpel</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scissors</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>13-804-18</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sealant</td>
			<td>Henkel Corp</td>
			<td>Loctite 4014</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Single use lab gown</td>
			<td>High Tech Conversions</td>
			<td>17-444-081</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereotactic frame</td>
			<td>Stoelting Co.&#160;</td>
			<td>Stoelting New Standard TM</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile Vacuum Bottle Top Filtration Systems</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>S2GPU05RE, MilliporeSigma NO.:S2GPU05RE</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Styrofoam box</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical gloves</td>
			<td>Cardinal Health</td>
			<td>19-163-108</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical glue, 3M Vetbond tissues adhesive</td>
			<td>3M Animal Care Prodcuts</td>
			<td>1469SB</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tail vein cathether</td>
			<td>Custom</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Consists of two 30 G cannulas connected with sillicone tubing&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TrypLE Express (1x), no phenol red</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>12604-039</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultraviolett torch</td>
			<td>Spring sunshine technology</td>
			<td>Consciot</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

two-photon intravital microscopy of glioblastoma in a murine model

脳腫瘍に対する静脈内投与されたがん治療薬の送達は、血液脳関門によって制限される。 in vivo における脳腫瘍における高分子の蓄積と分布を直接画像化する方法は、前臨床モデルにおける薬物送達を理解し、最適化する能力を大幅に向上させるでしょう。このプロトコルはglioblastoma (GBM)のマウス モデルの2光子のintravital顕微鏡検査(2P-IVM)の静脈内投与された蛍光標識されたnanoparticlesの生体 内の 追跡のための実時間方法を説明する。
プロトコルには、実験動物の麻酔と鎮痛、頭蓋窓の作成、GBM細胞の移植、ヘッドバーの配置、2P-IVM研究の実施、長期フォローアップ研究のための術後ケアなど、手順の多段階の説明が含まれています。代表的な2P-IVMイメージングセッションと画像解析を示し、この技術の長所と短所を検討し、潜在的なアプリケーションについて議論します。
この方法は、 in vivo 前臨床脳イメージングの分野におけるさまざまな研究課題に簡単に変更および適応できます。

Two-photon intravital microscopy (2P-IVM) is a fluorescence imaging technique that allows the visualization of living tissue1.
First developed in the 1990s, 2P-IVM has been used for in vivo analysis of the retina2, kidney3, small intestine4, cochlea5, heart6, trachea7, and the brain in various preclinical models8,9. In the field of neuroscience, 2P-IVM has gained importance as a technique for real-time imaging of the healthy brain in awake animals10, as well as studying diseases of the nervous system such as Alzheimer&#39;s11, Parkinson&#39;s12 and glioblastoma (GBM)13,14,15,16.
2P-IVM offers an elegant solution for studying the tumor microenvironment during the development of GBM. While some previous studies focused on in vitro17 and ex vivo models18, others implemented orthotopic19 and xenotropic20&#160;in vivo models for examining GBM. Madden et al. performed native imaging of CNS-1 rat glioma cell line in a mouse model13. Using an orthotopic GL261-DsRed murine model, Ricard et al. performed an intravenous administration of a fluorophore to enhance the blood vessels in the tumor region in 2P-IVM14.
Here, we apply 2P-IVM for tracking the tumor delivery of fluorescent-labeled iron oxide nanoparticles (NP) in an orthotopic mouse model of GBM. Using a cranial window, this method allows us to study the real-time spatiotemporal distribution of NPs in the brain in detail.

著者スポットライト:膠芽腫治療における薬物送達と早期発見を最適化するためのマルチモーダルイメージング戦略

マウスモデルにおける神経膠芽腫の2光子生体内顕微鏡

Glioblastoma is one of the most common primary brain cancer and is associated with fast growth and poor life expectancy. Developing effective therapies for glioblastoma remains a major challenge since the delivery of therapeutics is limited by the blood brain barrier. A method to directly image the accumulation and distribution of macromolecules in the brain would greatly enhance our ability to understand and optimize drug delivery.Two-photon microscopy offers an elegant solution for studying the real-time distribution of nanoparticles in the preclinical model of glioblastoma. By modifying the nanoparticle used in this study, it's possible to investigate the delivery of different drug candidates and combination therapies on a cellular and molecular level. In addition to two-photon intravital microscopy, the iron oxide component of these nanoparticles allow for multimodal imaging with MRI or MPI.For the future, imaging facilities could serve in the realization of early detection to cancer, thereby leading to more effective therapies against malignant neoplasia. One path to achieve this is to merge two-photon intravital microscopy with other imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography and photoacoustic ultrasound.

ここでは、頭蓋窓手術を行い、GBMのNSGマウスモデル(n=5)にC6細胞を生着させました。窓の作成に関与するすべてのコンポーネント(図1A)を適切にシールすることで、長期間のイメージングに対する窓の耐久性が保証され、さらに罹患率が低下します。 in vivo 2P-IVMに適合したステージ(図2)を使用すると、麻酔下で最大2時間、大きなモーションア?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Two-Photon Intravital Microscopy of Glioblastoma in a Murine Model at JoVE.com

マウスモデルにおける膠芽腫への蛍光標識酸化鉄ナノ粒子の腫瘍送達の2光子顕微鏡法の新しいアプローチを紹介します。

The delivery of intravenously administered cancer therapeutics to brain tumors is limited by the blood-brain barrier. A method to directly image the ...

神経膠芽腫は最も一般的な原発性脳腫瘍の1つであり、急速な増殖と平均余命の短さと関連しています。膠芽腫の効果的な治療法の開発は、治療薬の提供が血液脳関門によって制限されているため、依然として大きな課題です。脳内の高分子の蓄積と分布を直接画像化する方法は、薬物送達を理解し、最適化する能力を大幅に向上させるでしょう。2光子顕微鏡は、神経膠芽腫の前臨床モデルにおけるナノ粒子のリアルタイム分布を研究するための洗練されたソリューションを提供します。この研究で使用したナノ粒子を改変することで、細胞レベルや分子レベルでさまざまな薬剤候補や併用療法の送達を調べることができます。2光子生体内顕微鏡法に加えて、これらのナノ粒子の酸化鉄成分は、MRIまたはMPIによるマルチモーダルイメージングを可能にします。将来的には、がんの早期発見を実現し、悪性腫瘍に対するより効果的な治療法につながることが期待されます。これを達成するための1つの方法は、2光子生体内顕微鏡法を陽電子放出断層撮影法や光音響超音波などの他のイメージングモダリティと融合させることです。

two-photon-intravital-microscopy-of-glioblastoma-in-a-murine-model

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

Two-Photon Intravital Microscopy of Glioblastoma in a Murine Model

The delivery of intravenously administered cancer therapeutics to brain tumors is limited by the blood-brain barrier. A method to directly image the accumulation and distribution of macromolecules in brain tumors in vivo would greatly enhance our ability to understand and optimize drug delivery in preclinical models. This protocol describes a method for real-time in vivo tracking of intravenously administered fluorescent-labeled nanoparticles with two-photon intravital microscopy (2P-IVM) in a mouse model of glioblastoma (GBM).
The protocol contains a multi-step description of the procedure, including anesthesia and analgesia of experimental animals, creating a cranial window, GBM cell implantation, placing a head bar, conducting 2P-IVM studies, and post-surgical care for long-term follow-up studies. We show representative 2P-IVM imaging sessions and image analysis, examine the advantages and disadvantages of this technology, and discuss potential applications.
This method can be easily modified and adapted for different research questions in the field of in vivo preclinical brain imaging.

We present a novel approach for two-photon microscopy of the tumor delivery of fluorescent-labeled iron oxide nanoparticles to glioblastoma in a mouse model.