Name: 저자 스포트라이트: 교모세포종 치료에서 약물 전달 및 조기 발견 최적화를 위한 멀티모달 이미징 전략
Uploaded: 2024-03-01T14:15:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Two-Photon Intravital Microscopy of Glioblastoma in a Murine Model at JoVE.com

이 프로젝트에 장비와 인프라를 제공해 주신 Stanford Wu Tsai Neuroscience Microscopy Service, Stanford Center for Innovations in In Vivo Imaging(SCi3) - 소동물 이미징 센터, NIH S10 Shared Instrumentation Grant(S10RR026917-01, PI Michael Moseley, Ph.D.) 및 Porter Drive의 Stanford Preclinical Imaging Facility에 감사드립니다. 이 연구는 국립 아동 건강 및 인간 발달 연구소(National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, 보조금 번호 R01HD103638)의 보조금으로 지원되었습니다. 스탠포드 대학의 Schnitzer Group에 감사드립니다. 산타 크루즈 대학교 Zuo 연구소; 보스턴 대학교 보스턴 포토닉 센터(Boston Photonic Center)의 신경혈관 이미징 연구소(Neurovascular Imaging Laboratory)에서 이광자 이미징 및 두개골 창 모델에 대한 교육적 토론을 진행했습니다.

이 프로토콜에 설명된 동물 절차는 APLAC(Administrative Panel on Laboratory Animal Care)의 요구 사항을 따릅니다.
1. 세포 배양
<ol><li>후드 준비<ol><li>손을 씻고 장갑과 실험실 가운을 착용하십시오. 생물 안전 작업대를 켜고 새시 높이를 적절한 개방 높이로 설정합니다. 후드를 3-5분 동안 퍼지시키십시오. 후드 부분에 70% 에탄올을 뿌리고 티슈 페이퍼로 닦아냅니다.</li>
		<li>...

마우스에서 2P-IVM을 사용한 뇌종양의 나노 입자 실시간 추적

<ol>
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Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intubation-free+in+vivo+imaging+of+the+tracheal+mucosa+using+two-photon+microscopy.">Intubation-free in vivo imaging of the tracheal mucosa using two-photon microscopy.</a> Sci Rep. 7 (1), 694 (2017).</li><li>Zong, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Large-scale+two-photon+calcium+imaging+in+freely+moving+mice.">Large-scale two-photon calcium imaging in freely moving mice.</a> Cell. 185 (7), 1240-1256.e30 (2022).</li><li>Takasaki, K., Abbasi-Asl, R., Waters, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Superficial+bound+of+the+depth+limit+of+two-photon+imaging+in+mouse+brain.">Superficial bound of the depth limit of two-photon imaging in mouse brain.</a> eNeuro. 17 (1), (2019).</li><li>Birkner, A., Konnerth, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deep+two-photon+imaging+in+vivo+with+a+red-shifted+calcium+indicator.">Deep two-photon imaging in vivo with a red-shifted calcium indicator.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 1929, 15-26 (1929).</li><li>Busche, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+two-photon+calcium+imaging+of+hippocampal+neurons+in+Alzheimer+mouse+models.">In vivo two-photon calcium imaging of hippocampal neurons in Alzheimer mouse models.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 1750, 341-351 (2018).</li><li>Li, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+sensitive+two-photon+probe+to+selectively+detect+monoamine+oxidase+B+activity+in+Parkinson's+disease+models.">A sensitive two-photon probe to selectively detect monoamine oxidase B activity in Parkinson's disease models.</a> Nat Commun. 5, 3276 (2014).</li><li>Madden, K. S., Zettel, M. L., Majewska, A. K., Brown, E. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Brain+tumor+imaging:+live+imaging+of+glioma+by+two-photon+microscopy.">Brain tumor imaging: live imaging of glioma by two-photon microscopy.</a> Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2013 (3), (2013).</li><li>Ricard, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phenotypic+dynamics+of+microglial+and+monocyte-derived+cells+in+glioblastoma-bearing+mice.">Phenotypic dynamics of microglial and monocyte-derived cells in glioblastoma-bearing mice.</a> Sci Rep. 6, 26381 (2016).</li><li>Soub&#233;ran, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+VEGF+blockade+on+the+dynamics+of+the+inflammatory+landscape+in+glioblastoma-bearing+mice.">Effects of VEGF blockade on the dynamics of the inflammatory landscape in glioblastoma-bearing mice.</a> J Neuroinflammation. 16 (1), 191 (2019).</li><li>Zhang, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real-time+vivo+reveals+specific+nanoparticle+target+binding+in+a+syngeneic+glioma+mouse+model.">Real-time vivo reveals specific nanoparticle target binding in a syngeneic glioma mouse model.</a> Nanoscale. 14 (15), 5678-5688 (2022).</li><li>Wartchow, K. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Treatment+with+cyclic+AMP+activators+reduces+glioblastoma+growth+and+invasion+as+assessed+by+two-photon+microscopy.">Treatment with cyclic AMP activators reduces glioblastoma growth and invasion as assessed by two-photon microscopy.</a> Cells. 10 (3), 556 (2021).</li><li>Jiang, L. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Label-free+detection+of+fibrillar+collagen+deposition+associated+with+vascular+elements+in+glioblastoma+multiforme+by+using+multiphoton+microscopy.">Label-free detection of fibrillar collagen deposition associated with vascular elements in glioblastoma multiforme by using multiphoton microscopy.</a> J Microsc. 265 (2), 207-213 (2017).</li><li>Chen, Z., Ross, J. L., Hambardzumyan, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intravital+2-photon+imaging+reveals+distinct+morphology+and+infiltrative+properties+of+glioblastoma-associated+macrophages.">Intravital 2-photon imaging reveals distinct morphology and infiltrative properties of glioblastoma-associated macrophages.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 116 (28), 14254-14259 (2019).</li><li>Zhang, Y. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Labeling+human+mesenchymal+stem+cells+with+gold+nanocages+for+in+vitro+and+in+vivo+tracking+by+two-photon+microscopy+and+photoacoustic+microscopy.">Labeling human mesenchymal stem cells with gold nanocages for in vitro and in vivo tracking by two-photon microscopy and photoacoustic microscopy.</a> Theranostics. 3 (8), 532-543 (2013).</li><li>Schindelin, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fiji:+an+open-source+platform+for+biological-image+analysis.">Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis.</a> Nat Methods. 9 (7), 676-682 (2012).</li><li>Hoeferlin, G. F., Menendez, D. M., Krebs, O. K., Capadona, J. R., Shoffstall, A. 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두개창을 통해 2P-IVM을 사용하여 형광 표지된 산화철 NP의 종양 전달을 평가하는 실시간 in vivo NP 추적 방법을 제시합니다. 이 시술을 위한 수술 기법은 안정된 손과 고급 실험 수술 기술을 필요로 합니다. 살아있는 동물 체험으로 넘어가기 전에 사체나 유령을 사용하는 연습을 하는 것이 좋습니다. 이에 대한 대안으로 Hoeferlin 등은 로봇 드릴을 구현하여 열 손상을 줄이고, 수술 기법의 변동성...

2광자 생체 내 현미경(2P-IVM)은 생체 조직1을 시각화할 수 있는 형광 이미징 기술입니다.
1990년대에 처음 개발된 2P-IVM은 다양한 전임상 모델에서 망막2, 신장3, 소장4, 달팽이관5, 심장6, 기관7 및 뇌의 생체 내 분석에 사용되었습니다 8,9. 신경과학 분야에서, 2P-IVM은 알츠하이머병11, 파킨슨병12 및 교모세포종(GBM)13,14,15,16과 같은 신경계 질환을 연구할 뿐만 아니라, 깨어 있는 동물10에서 건강한 뇌의 실시간 이미징을 위한 기술로서 중요성을 얻고 있다.
2P-IVM은 교모세포종 발병 중 종양 미세환경을 연구하기 위한 훌륭한 솔루션을 제공합니다. 일부 이전 연구는 in vitro17 및 ex vivo 모델18에 초점을 맞춘 반면, 다른 연구에서는 교모세포종을 검사하기 위해 orthotopic19 및 xenotropic20 in vivo 모델을 구현했습니다. Madden et al.은 마우스 모델13에서 CNS-1 쥐 신경교종 세포주의 네이티브 이미징을 수행했습니다. Ricard 등은 orthotopic GL261-DsRed 쥐 모델을 사용하여 2P-IVM14에서 종양 부위의 혈관을 강화하기 위해 형광단의 정맥 투여를 수행했습니다.
여기서는 교모세포종의 orthotopic 마우스 모델에서 형광 표지된 산화철 나노입자(NP)의 종양 전달을 추적하기 위해 2P-IVM을 적용합니다. 두개창을 사용하여 이 방법을 사용하면 뇌에서 NP의 실시간 시공간 분포를 자세히 연구할 수 있습니다.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>0.9% sodium chloride infusion solution</td>
			<td>Baxter Corp</td>
			<td>533-JB1301P</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td> 
			Dulbecco&#39;s Modified Eagle Medium</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11965-092</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 mL syringes</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>Luer-Lok syringe, REF309628</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10%&#160;FBS</td>
			<td>Thermo fisher</td>
			<td>Cytiva SH30910.03HI</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10% DMSO</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D8418-50ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-photon microscope</td>
			<td>Prairie Technologies, Bruker</td>
			<td>Prairie Ultima IV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alcohol applicators, 70%</td>
			<td>Medline Industries, LP</td>
			<td>MDS093810</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alcohol, spray bottle</td>
			<td>Decon Labs Inc</td>
			<td>Decon SaniHol, 04-355-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aluminum foil</td>
			<td>Reynold Brands</td>
			<td>Reynold Wrap non-stick aluminum foil</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anesthesia machine</td>
			<td>Patterson Scientific</td>
			<td>SAS3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anesthesia monitoring&#160;</td>
			<td>Kent Scientific&#160;</td>
			<td>MouseSTAT Jr. Rodent Pulsoxymeter</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Antibiotic-Antimycotic (100x), liquid</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15240-096</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Betadine applicators</td>
			<td>Professional Disposables International, Inc</td>
			<td>S41125</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biopsy punch, 5 mm&#160;</td>
			<td>Miltex</td>
			<td>Size 5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buprenorphine sustained release</td>
			<td>Zoo Pharm</td>
			<td>Bup SR Lab, 1.0 mg/mL</td>
			<td>A generic drug can be used instead.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>C6 rat glioma cell line</td>
			<td>ATCC (American Tissue Culture Collection)</td>
			<td>CCL-107</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cannulas</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>16 G, 1.1/2&#8221;, 30 G, 1&#8221;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carprofen</td>
			<td>Pfizer&#160;</td>
			<td>Rimadyl, 50 mg/ml</td>
			<td>A generic drug can be used instead.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cefazoline</td>
			<td>Sagent Pharmaceuticals</td>
			<td>25021-101-10, 1 g/vial</td>
			<td>A generic drug can be used instead.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell strainer, 40 &#181;m</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>87711</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cotton tip applicators, 6&#8221;&#160;</td>
			<td>Dyad Medical Sourcing, LLC</td>
			<td>HCS1005</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dental cement</td>
			<td>Stoelting Co</td>
			<td>51459</td>
			<td>Dental cement kit, clear, 2 components</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dexamethasone</td>
			<td>Bimeda</td>
			<td>138RX, 2 mg/mL</td>
			<td>A generic drug can be used instead.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DietGel</td>
			<td>ClearH2O</td>
			<td>Recovery, 72-06-502</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Drape&#160;</td>
			<td>Cardinal Health</td>
			<td>Bio Shield Wrap</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Drill</td>
			<td>Saeyang Microtech</td>
			<td>Escort Pro, B08350</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Drill tips&#160;</td>
			<td>Hager &#38; Meissinger GmbH</td>
			<td>REF310104001001005</td>
			<td>Size 005, US 1/4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FIJI imaging analysis software</td>
			<td>National Institute of Health</td>
			<td>https://imagej.net/software/fiji/</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forceps</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>13-812-41</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gauze</td>
			<td>Fisher HealthCare</td>
			<td>Sterile Cotton Gauze Pad, 4 x 4&#8221;, 22-415-469</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gelfoam&#160;</td>
			<td>Ethicon Inc.&#160;</td>
			<td>Surgifoam absorbable gelatin sponge, Ref. 1972</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Germinator&#160;</td>
			<td>Cellpoint Scientific&#160;</td>
			<td>Germinator 500, No. 11688</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass coverslips, 5 mm diameter</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>Menzel Cover glass&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gloves, non-sterile</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>Nitrile powder-free medical examination gloves</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gloves, sterile</td>
			<td>Medline Industries, LP</td>
			<td>MDS104070</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hair removal cream</td>
			<td>Church &#38; Dwight</td>
			<td>Nair Hair remover lotion&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hamilton syringe</td>
			<td>Hamilton Company Inc</td>
			<td>Gastight #1701, 10 &#181;L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HBSS without Ca, Mg</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>PI88284</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Head bar</td>
			<td>Hongway</td>
			<td>5 mm inner diameter O-rings</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heating pad</td>
			<td>Stoelting Co.&#160;</td>
			<td>Rodent warmer X2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin syringes</td>
			<td>Exel International Medical Products&#160;</td>
			<td>29G x 1/2&#8243;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Iron oxide nanoparticles</td>
			<td>Covis Pharma GmbH</td>
			<td>Feraheme ferumoxytol injection, 510 mg/17 mL, 59338077501</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>Dechra</td>
			<td>26675-46-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mice</td>
			<td>Jackson Laboratories</td>
			<td>NSG, Strain 005557</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscope (surgery)</td>
			<td>Seiler Medical</td>
			<td>Seiler IQ Q-100-220</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nanoparticles</td>
			<td>Custom</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Iron oxide nanoparticles (Ferumoxytol) labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ophtalmic ointment</td>
			<td>Major pharmaceuticals</td>
			<td>Lubrifresh P.M. nighttime ointment, 203964</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oxygen</td>
			<td>Linde Gas &#38; Equipment Inc.&#160;</td>
			<td>High Pressure Steel K Style Cylinder, 249CF, 2000PSIG, CGA 540</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plastic cups</td>
			<td>Georgia-Pacirif Consumer Products</td>
			<td>Dixie Portion Cup, 2 oz., Plastic, Clear, PK2400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyethylene tubing</td>
			<td>Braintree Scientific</td>
			<td>50-195-5494</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scale</td>
			<td>Ohaus Corp</td>
			<td>CR2200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpel</td>
			<td>Integra Life Sciences Production Corp</td>
			<td>Integra Miltex Stainless steel disposable scalpel</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scissors</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>13-804-18</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sealant</td>
			<td>Henkel Corp</td>
			<td>Loctite 4014</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Single use lab gown</td>
			<td>High Tech Conversions</td>
			<td>17-444-081</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereotactic frame</td>
			<td>Stoelting Co.&#160;</td>
			<td>Stoelting New Standard TM</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile Vacuum Bottle Top Filtration Systems</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>S2GPU05RE, MilliporeSigma NO.:S2GPU05RE</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Styrofoam box</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical gloves</td>
			<td>Cardinal Health</td>
			<td>19-163-108</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical glue, 3M Vetbond tissues adhesive</td>
			<td>3M Animal Care Prodcuts</td>
			<td>1469SB</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tail vein cathether</td>
			<td>Custom</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Consists of two 30 G cannulas connected with sillicone tubing&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TrypLE Express (1x), no phenol red</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>12604-039</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultraviolett torch</td>
			<td>Spring sunshine technology</td>
			<td>Consciot</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

two-photon intravital microscopy of glioblastoma in a murine model

뇌종양에 정맥 주사로 투여되는 암 치료제의 전달은 혈액-뇌 장벽에 의해 제한됩니다. 생체 내 뇌종양에서 거대분자의 축적 및 분포를 직접 이미지화하는 방법은 전임상 모델에서 약물 전달을 이해하고 최적화하는 능력을 크게 향상시킬 것입니다. 이 프로토콜은 교모세포종(GBM)의 마우스 모델에서 2광자 생체 내 현미경(2P-IVM)을 사용하여 정맥 투여된 형광 표지 나노 입자의 실시간 생체 내 추적 방법을 설명합니다.
프로토콜에는 실험 동물의 마취 및 진통, 두개골 창 만들기, 교모세포종 세포 이식, 헤드 바 배치, 2P-IVM 연구 수행 및 장기 추적 연구를 위한 수술 후 관리를 포함한 절차에 대한 다단계 설명이 포함되어 있습니다. 대표적인 2P-IVM 이미징 세션과 이미지 분석을 보여주고, 이 기술의 장점과 단점을 살펴보고, 잠재적인 응용 분야에 대해 논의합니다.
이 방법은 생체 내 전임상 뇌 영상 분야의 다양한 연구 질문에 대해 쉽게 수정하고 적용할 수 있습니다.

Two-photon intravital microscopy (2P-IVM) is a fluorescence imaging technique that allows the visualization of living tissue1.
First developed in the 1990s, 2P-IVM has been used for in vivo analysis of the retina2, kidney3, small intestine4, cochlea5, heart6, trachea7, and the brain in various preclinical models8,9. In the field of neuroscience, 2P-IVM has gained importance as a technique for real-time imaging of the healthy brain in awake animals10, as well as studying diseases of the nervous system such as Alzheimer&#39;s11, Parkinson&#39;s12 and glioblastoma (GBM)13,14,15,16.
2P-IVM offers an elegant solution for studying the tumor microenvironment during the development of GBM. While some previous studies focused on in vitro17 and ex vivo models18, others implemented orthotopic19 and xenotropic20&#160;in vivo models for examining GBM. Madden et al. performed native imaging of CNS-1 rat glioma cell line in a mouse model13. Using an orthotopic GL261-DsRed murine model, Ricard et al. performed an intravenous administration of a fluorophore to enhance the blood vessels in the tumor region in 2P-IVM14.
Here, we apply 2P-IVM for tracking the tumor delivery of fluorescent-labeled iron oxide nanoparticles (NP) in an orthotopic mouse model of GBM. Using a cranial window, this method allows us to study the real-time spatiotemporal distribution of NPs in the brain in detail.

저자 스포트라이트: 교모세포종 치료에서 약물 전달 및 조기 발견 최적화를 위한 멀티모달 이미징 전략

쥐 모델에서 교모세포종의 Two-Photon Intravital Microscopy

Glioblastoma is one of the most common primary brain cancer and is associated with fast growth and poor life expectancy. Developing effective therapies for glioblastoma remains a major challenge since the delivery of therapeutics is limited by the blood brain barrier. A method to directly image the accumulation and distribution of macromolecules in the brain would greatly enhance our ability to understand and optimize drug delivery.Two-photon microscopy offers an elegant solution for studying the real-time distribution of nanoparticles in the preclinical model of glioblastoma. By modifying the nanoparticle used in this study, it's possible to investigate the delivery of different drug candidates and combination therapies on a cellular and molecular level. In addition to two-photon intravital microscopy, the iron oxide component of these nanoparticles allow for multimodal imaging with MRI or MPI.For the future, imaging facilities could serve in the realization of early detection to cancer, thereby leading to more effective therapies against malignant neoplasia. One path to achieve this is to merge two-photon intravital microscopy with other imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography and photoacoustic ultrasound.

여기에서 우리는 두개골 창 수술을 수행하고 교모세포종(n=5)의 NSG 마우스 모델에 C6 세포를 생착시켰습니다. 창 제작과 관련된 모든 구성 요소(그림 1A)를 적절하게 밀봉하면 장기 이미징을 위한 창의 내구성을 보장하고 이환율을 줄일 수 있습니다. in vivo 2P-IVM(그림 2)에 맞게 조정된 스테이지를 사용하여 주요 움직임 아티팩트 없이 최대 2시간 동?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Two-Photon Intravital Microscopy of Glioblastoma in a Murine Model at JoVE.com

우리는 마우스 모델에서 형광 표지된 산화철 나노입자를 교모세포종에 전달하는 종양 전달에 대한 이광자 현미경에 대한 새로운 접근 방식을 제시합니다.

The delivery of intravenously administered cancer therapeutics to brain tumors is limited by the blood-brain barrier. A method to directly image the ...

교모세포종은 가장 흔한 원발성 뇌암 중 하나이며 빠른 성장과 낮은 기대 수명과 관련이 있습니다. 교모세포종에 대한 효과적인 치료법을 개발하는 것은 치료제의 전달이 혈액 뇌 장벽에 의해 제한되기 때문에 여전히 주요 과제로 남아 있습니다. 뇌에서 거대분자의 축적 및 분포를 직접 이미지화하는 방법은 약물 전달을 이해하고 최적화하는 능력을 크게 향상시킬 것입니다.2광자 현미경은 교모세포종의 전임상 모델에서 나노 입자의 실시간 분포를 연구하기 위한 우아한 솔루션을 제공합니다. 이 연구에 사용된 나노 입자를 변형시킴으로써 세포 및 분자 수준에서 다양한 약물 후보 및 병용 요법의 전달을 조사할 수 있습니다. 이광자 생체 내 현미경 외에도 이러한 나노 입자의 산화철 성분은 MRI 또는 MPI를 사용한 다중 모드 이미징을 가능하게 합니다.미래에는 영상 시설이 암을 조기에 발견하는 데 도움이 될 수 있으며, 이를 통해 악성 종양에 대한 보다 효과적인 치료법으로 이어질 수 있습니다. 이를 달성하기 위한 한 가지 방법은 이광자 생체 내 현미경을 양전자 방출 단층 촬영 및 광음향 초음파와 같은 다른 이미징 양식과 병합하는 것입니다.

two-photon-intravital-microscopy-of-glioblastoma-in-a-murine-model

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

Two-Photon Intravital Microscopy of Glioblastoma in a Murine Model

The delivery of intravenously administered cancer therapeutics to brain tumors is limited by the blood-brain barrier. A method to directly image the accumulation and distribution of macromolecules in brain tumors in vivo would greatly enhance our ability to understand and optimize drug delivery in preclinical models. This protocol describes a method for real-time in vivo tracking of intravenously administered fluorescent-labeled nanoparticles with two-photon intravital microscopy (2P-IVM) in a mouse model of glioblastoma (GBM).
The protocol contains a multi-step description of the procedure, including anesthesia and analgesia of experimental animals, creating a cranial window, GBM cell implantation, placing a head bar, conducting 2P-IVM studies, and post-surgical care for long-term follow-up studies. We show representative 2P-IVM imaging sessions and image analysis, examine the advantages and disadvantages of this technology, and discuss potential applications.
This method can be easily modified and adapted for different research questions in the field of in vivo preclinical brain imaging.

We present a novel approach for two-photon microscopy of the tumor delivery of fluorescent-labeled iron oxide nanoparticles to glioblastoma in a mouse model.