<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>المراقبة في الوقت الحقيقي للديناميكيات الخلوية في زراعة رئة الفأر

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>0.75% povidone-iodine</td>
			<td>Aplicare</td>
			<td>NDC 52380-0126-2</td>
			<td>For disinfectant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1-inch 20G IV catheter</td>
			<td>Terumo</td>
			<td>SROX2025CA</td>
			<td>For endotracheal tube (ETT)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1-inch silk tape</td>
			<td>Durapore</td>
			<td>3M ID 7100057168</td>
			<td>To secure mouse in position</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20x water immersion long objective lens</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>N20X-PFH</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3M Vetbond glue</td>
			<td>Medi-Vet.com</td>
			<td>10872</td>
			<td>To glue coverglass to lung</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>655 nm non-targeted quantum dots</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>Q21021MP</td>
			<td>For labeling of blood vessels</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>70% ethanol</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>EX0281</td>
			<td>For disinfectant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Argent High Temp Fine Tip Cautery Pen</td>
			<td>McKesson</td>
			<td>231</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Black O ring (2 cm)</td>
			<td>Hardware store</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>For custom-built imaging chamber</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bolt (2)</td>
			<td>Hardware store</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>For custom-built imaging chamber</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Brass thumb nut (2)</td>
			<td>Hardware store</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>For custom-built imaging chamber</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buprenorphine 1.3 mg/mL</td>
			<td>Fidelis Animal Health</td>
			<td>NDC 86084-100-30</td>
			<td>For pain control</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chameleon titanium-sapphire femtosecond pulsed laser</td>
			<td>Coherent</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cover glass (24 mm x 50 mm)</td>
			<td>Thomas Scientific</td>
			<td>1202F63</td>
			<td>For custom-built imaging chamber</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Curved mosquito clamp (1)</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>13009-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dual channel heater controller</td>
			<td>Warner Instruments</td>
			<td>TC-344B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fine scissors (1)</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>15040-11</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fixed-stage upright microscope</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>BX51WI</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gauze (cut to 1 cm x 3 cm)</td>
			<td>McKesson</td>
			<td>476709</td>
			<td>To place under left lung</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High vacuum grease</td>
			<td>Dow Corning</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>To adhere coverglass onto top plate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane 1%</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>26675-46-7</td>
			<td>For anesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketamine hydrochloride 100 mg/mL</td>
			<td>Vedco</td>
			<td>NDC 50989-996-06</td>
			<td>For anesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Metal sheet (3 cm x 7 cm)</td>
			<td>Hardware store</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>For custom-built imaging chamber</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pointed cotton-tipped applicators</td>
			<td>Solon</td>
			<td>56225</td>
			<td>To manipulate lung and for blunt dissection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Power Pro Ultra clipper</td>
			<td>Oster</td>
			<td>078400-020-001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Puralube Vet eye ointment</td>
			<td>Medi-Vet.com</td>
			<td>11897</td>
			<td>To prevent eye dessiccation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Small animal ventilator</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td>55-0000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Straight forceps (1)</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>91113-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Three channel shutter driver</td>
			<td>Uniblitz</td>
			<td>VMM-D3</td>
			<td>Resonant scanner</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>x.y.z optical stepper motor</td>
			<td>Prior Scientific</td>
			<td>OptiScan II</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylazine 20 mg/mL</td>
			<td>Akorn</td>
			<td>NDC 59399-110-20</td>
			<td>For pain control</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

intravital two-photon microscopy of the transplanted mouse lung

Lung transplantation is the final option for many patients suffering from end-stage pulmonary disease; however, long-term survival after lung transplantation is poor compared to other solid organ transplants. Survival at 5 years is only ~60%-70%1, compared to 80%-90% in hearts2 and 85%-90% in kidneys3. Many complications after lung transplantation, such as primary graft dysfunction, antibody-mediated rejection, and chronic lung allograft dysfunction, are due to the host immune response to the allograft. For example, our group has shown that neutrophils are rapidly recruited into the lung allograft following transplant-induced ischemia-reperfusion injury and form dynamic clusters surrounding blood monocytes4. Crosstalk between donor and recipient cells is responsible for deleterious alloimmune responses5,6,7, and the ability to study these dynamic cell interactions in a live animal model is invaluable.
Two-photon microscopy allows for high-resolution intravital imaging for depths up to several hundred microns with minimal photobleaching of tissues8,9. It is used in a variety of tissues and anatomic sites, including the neocortex10,11, skin12,13, and kidney14,15. More recently, it has been adapted to non-static organs such as the lung and heart4,16,17. In this protocol, we describe a technique to image stabilized, ventilated, and perfused pulmonary grafts following murine orthotopic left lung transplantation. A key benefit of the transplant model is the ability to genetically manipulate the donor and recipient separately. Individual cell populations can be visualized with transgenic mouse strains with knock-in fluorescent protein expression, adoptive transfer of fluorescently-labeled cells5, or intravenous injection of fluorescently-labeled antibodies to bind cell-specific markers4,16,17,18.
In order to stabilize the lung during imaging, this protocol involves gluing the lung to a coverglass, while other groups have described suction stabilization using a custom-made reversible vacuum device19. Our protocol has several advantages, including a larger area of imaging and relative ease of setup using commonly available materials in a microscopy lab (including coverglass and glue). Since this gluing technique constrains the lung at the upper surface, it is expected to decrease ventilatory motion and allow for deeper imaging. This intravital imaging technique allows for detailed observation of immune cell behavior and interactions in real-time, which contributes to the study of immune mechanisms that regulate inflammatory versus tolerogenic responses following lung transplantation.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>تسليط الضوء على المؤلف: تطوير مناعة زراعة الرئة من خلال التصوير داخل الجسم

الفحص المجهري ثنائي الفوتون داخل الجسم لرئة الفأر المزروعة

The goal of our research is to understand the immune mechanisms underlying ischemia reperfusion injury and the inflammatory and tolerogenic responses after lung transplantation. We want to study the dynamic interactions between donor and recipient cells. We currently make use of several surgical and imaging techniques in the study of lung transplant immunology in the mouse.These include orthotopic left lung transplantation and retransplantation, left pulmonary hilar clamping, non-invasive positron emission tomography, and two-photon intravital imaging. Our research reveals unique immune responses in transplanted lungs. Using advanced imaging techniques, we discovered that recipient monocytes promote neutrophil infiltration in lung allografts via IL-1 beta.We also found that FOXP3 regulatory T cells cluster within these allografts and protect against antibody mediated rejection. Our technique is easy to set up, with materials readily found in a microscopy lab, such as tissue glue and cover glasses. Additionally, it provides a larger field of view compared to other techniques.Our lab is interested in understanding mechanisms that induce and maintain lung allograft tolerance. Intravital imaging will allow us to visualize interactions between immune cells during rejection and tolerance.

Read this Scientific Article Protocol about Author Spotlight: Advancing Lung Transplant Immunology Through Intravital Imaging at JoVE.com

Complications after lung transplantation are largely related to the host immune system responding to the graft. Such immune responses are regulated by ...

intravital-two-photon-microscopy-of-the-transplanted-mouse-lung

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Intravital Two-Photon Microscopy of the Transplanted Mouse Lung

476 Views.  Washington University in St. Louis. The goal of our research is to understand the immune mechanisms underlying ischemia reperfusion injury and the inflammatory and tolerogenic responses after lung transplantation. We want to study the dynamic interactions between donor and recipient cells. We currently make use of several surgical and imaging techniques in the study of lung transplant immunology in the mouse.These include orthotopic left lung transplantation and retransplantation, left pulmonary hilar clamping, non-invas...