Name: in vitro and in vivo bioluminescence reporter gene imaging of human embryonic stem cells
Uploaded: 2008-05-02T17:59:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In vitro and in vivo Bioluminescence Reporter Gene Imaging of Human Embryonic Stem Cells at JoVE.com

Благодаря Тим Дойл, доктор философии и Стэнфордского центра для прижизненного изображения для получения помощи биолюминесценции изображений. Кроме того, благодаря Нган Хуан, доктор философии для совместного использования ее техники на стволовых клеток совместно с матрицей инъекции раствора. Наконец, благодаря Стиву Войлок, к.т.н. за помощь в ветеринарной помощи животным.

<ol><li> Строительство Дважды Гена Reporter Fusion <ol><li> В целях выполнения биолюминесценции изображений человеческих эмбриональных стволовых клеток, в первую очередь необходимо получить клетки, которые стабильно выразить гена люциферазы репортер, таких как люциферазы светляков обусловлен консти?...

<ol>
	<li>Passier, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increased+cardiomyocyte+differentiation+from+human+embryonic+stem+cells+in+serum-free+cultures.">Increased cardiomyocyte differentiation from human embryonic stem cells in serum-free cultures.</a> Stem Cells. 23, 772-780 (2003).</li><li>Laflamme, M. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiomyocytes+derived+from+human+embryonic+stem+cells+in+pro-survival+factors+enhance+function+of+infarcted+rat+hearts.">Cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells in pro-survival factors enhance function of infarcted rat hearts.</a> Nature biotechnology. 25, 1015-1024 (2007).</li><li>Baharvand, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neural+differentiation+from+human+embryonic+stem+cells+in+a+defined+adherent+culture+conditi.">Neural differentiation from human embryonic stem cells in a defined adherent culture conditi.</a> Int J Dev Biol. 51, 371-378 (2007).</li><li>Schulz, T. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Directed+neuronal+differentiation+of+human+embryonic+stem+cells.">Directed neuronal differentiation of human embryonic stem cells.</a> BMC Neurosci. 4, (2007).</li><li>Jiang, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+Insulin-producing+Islet-like+Clusters+from+Human+Embryonic+Stem+Cells.">Generation of Insulin-producing Islet-like Clusters from Human Embryonic Stem Cells.</a> Stem Cells. 17, 17 (2007).</li><li>Swijnenburg, R. J., van der Bogt, K. E. A., Sheikh, A. Y., Cao, F., Wu, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinical+hurdles+for+the+transplantation+of+cardiomyocytes+derived+from+human+embryonic+stem+cells:+role+of+molecular+imaging.">Clinical hurdles for the transplantation of cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells: role of molecular imaging.</a> Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 18, 38-45 (2007).</li><li>Herschman, H. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+imaging:+looking+at+problems,+seeing+solutions.">Molecular imaging: looking at problems, seeing solutions.</a> Science. 302, 605-608 (2003).</li><li>Lippincott-Schwartz, J., Patterson, G. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+and+use+of+fluorescent+protein+markers+in+living+cells.">Development and use of fluorescent protein markers in living cells.</a> Science. 300, 87-91 (2003).</li><li>Contag, P. R., Olomu, I. N., Stevenson, D. K., Contag, C. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bioluminescent+indicators+in+living+mammals.">Bioluminescent indicators in living mammals.</a> Nature medicine. 4, 245-247 (1998).</li><li>Bhaumik, S., Gambhir, S. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optical+imaging+of+Renilla+luciferase+reporter+gene+expression+in+living+mice.">Optical imaging of Renilla luciferase reporter gene expression in living mice.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 99, 377-382 (2002).</li><li>Tisi, L. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+a+thermostable+firefly+luciferase.">Development of a thermostable firefly luciferase.</a> Analyica Chimica Acta. 457, 115-123 (2002).</li><li>Ray, P., Tsien, R., Gambhir, S. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Construction+and+validation+of+improved+triple+fusion+reporter+gene+vectors+for+molecular+imaging+of+living+subjects.">Construction and validation of improved triple fusion reporter gene vectors for molecular imaging of living subjects.</a> Cancer Res. 67, 3085-3093 (2007).</li><li>Cao, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+visualization+of+embryonic+stem+cell+survival,+proliferation,+and+migration+after+cardiac+delivery.">In vivo visualization of embryonic stem cell survival, proliferation, and migration after cardiac delivery.</a> . Circulation. 113, 1005-1014 (2006).</li><li>Cao, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+Imaging+of+Embryonic+Stem+Cell+Misbehavior+and+Suicide+Gene+Ablation.">Molecular Imaging of Embryonic Stem Cell Misbehavior and Suicide Gene Ablation.</a> Cloning and Stem Cells. 9, 107-117 (2007).</li><li>Ray, P., De, A., Min, J. J., Tsien, R. Y., Gambhir, S. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Imaging+tri-fusion+multimodality+reporter+gene+expression+in+living+subjects.">Imaging tri-fusion multimodality reporter gene expression in living subjects.</a> Cancer Res. 64, 1323-1330 (2004).</li><li>Wu, J. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Proteomic+analysis+of+reporter+genes+for+molecular+imaging+of+transplanted+embryonic+stem+cells.">Proteomic analysis of reporter genes for molecular imaging of transplanted embryonic stem cells.</a> Proteomics. 6, 6234-6249 (2006).</li><li>Eiges, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Establishment+of+human+embryonic+stem+cell-transfected+clones+carrying+a+marker+for+undifferentiated+cells.">Establishment of human embryonic stem cell-transfected clones carrying a marker for undifferentiated cells.</a> Curr Biol. 11, 514-518 (2001).</li><li>Mohr, J. C., de Pablo, J. J., Palecek, S. 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G., Thomson, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-Level+Sustained+Transgene+Expression+in+Human+Embryonic+Stem+Cells+Using+Lentiviral+Vectors.">High-Level Sustained Transgene Expression in Human Embryonic Stem Cells Using Lentiviral Vectors.</a> Stem Cells. 21, 111-117 (2003).</li><li>Menendez, P., Wang, L., Chadwick, K., Li, L., Bhatia, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retroviral+transduction+of+hematopoietic+cells+differentiated+from+human+embryonic+stem+cell-derived+CD45(neg)PFV+hemogenic+precursors.">Retroviral transduction of hematopoietic cells differentiated from human embryonic stem cell-derived CD45(neg)PFV hemogenic precursors.</a> Molecular therapy. 10, 1109-1120 (2004).</li><li>Thyagarajan, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Creation+of+engineered+human+embryonic+stem+cell+lines+using+phiC31+integrase.">Creation of engineered human embryonic stem cell lines using phiC31 integrase.</a> Stem cells. 26, 119-126 (2008).</li><li>Liew, C. -. G., Draper, J. S., Walsh, J., Moore, H., Andrews, P. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Transient and Stable Transgene Expression in Human Embryonic Stem Cell. , .</li></ol>

По сравнению с другими методами, такие как ПЭТ и МРТ, биолюминесценции имеет ограниченные пространственным разрешением и снижение проникновения ткани из-за относительно слабой энергией фотонов (2-3 эВ), по этим причинам она до сих пор не применяется в крупных животных. Тем не менее, биолюминесценци...

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		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
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<td>Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>HyClone</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>BD Matrigel&#x2122; Basement Membrane Matrix</td>
<td>Growth factor reduced (optional: phenol-red free)</td>
<td>BD Biosciences</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>mTeSR1 Maintenance Medium for Human Embryonic Stem Cells</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>StemCell Technologies</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>D-Luciferin Firefly, potassium salt</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Biosynth AG</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>Collagenase IV solution</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Dissolve 30 mg Collagenase Type IV in 30 mL DMEM-F12 media. Sterile filter and store at 4 degrees (Celsius).</td>
</tr>
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<td>Baked Pasteur pipets</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>6-well tissue culture-treated plates</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>TPP</td>
<td>92006</td>
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in vitro and in vivo bioluminescence reporter gene imaging of human embryonic stem cells

The discovery of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) has dramatically increased the tools available to medical scientists interested in regenerative medicine. However, direct injection of hESCs, and cells differentiated from hESCs, into living organisms has thus far been hampered by significant cell death, teratoma formation, and host immune rejection. Understanding the in vivo hESC behavior after transplantation requires novel imaging techniques to longitudinally monitor hESC localization, proliferation, and viability. Molecular imaging has given investigators a high-throughput, inexpensive, and sensitive means for tracking in vivo cell proliferation over days, weeks, and even months. This advancement has significantly increased the understanding of the spatio-temporal kinetics of hESC engraftment, proliferation, and teratoma-formation in living subjects.

A major advance in molecular imaging has been the extension of noninvasive reporter gene assays from molecular and cellular biology into in vivo multi-modality imaging platforms. These reporter genes, under control of engineered promoters and enhancers that take advantage of the host cell s transcriptional machinery, are introduced into cells using a variety of vector and non-vector methods. Once in the cell, reporter genes can be transcribed either constitutively or only under specific biological or cellular conditions, depending on the type of promoter used. Transcription and translation of reporter genes into bioactive proteins is then detected with sensitive, noninvasive instrumentation (e.g., CCD cameras) using signal-generating probes such as D-luciferin.

To avoid the need for excitatory light to track stem cells in vivo as is required for fluorescence imaging, bioluminescence reporter gene imaging systems require only an exogenously administered probe to induce light emission. Firefly luciferase, derived from the firefly Photinus pyralis, encodes an enzyme that catalyzes D-luciferin to the optically active metabolite, oxyluciferin. Optical activity can then be monitored with an external CCD camera. Stably transduced cells that carry the reporter construct within their chromosomal DNA will pass the reporter construct DNA to daughter cells, allowing for longitudinal monitoring of hESC survival and proliferation in vivo. Furthermore, because expression of the reporter gene product is required for signal generation, only viable parent and daughter cells will create bioluminescence signal; apoptotic or dead cells will not. 

In this video, the specific materials and methods needed for tracking stem cell proliferation and teratoma formation with bioluminescence imaging will be described.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In vitro and in vivo Bioluminescence Reporter Gene Imaging of Human Embryonic Stem Cells at JoVE.com

In vitro and in vivo Bioluminescence Reporter Gene Imaging of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

С ростом интереса к терапии стволовыми клетками, молекулярные методы визуализации, которые идеально подходят для мониторинга поведения стволовых клеток после трансплантации. Люциферазы гены репортер позволили неинвазивным, повторяющейся оценки выживаемости клеток, расположение и распространение в естественных условиях. Это видео будет показано, как отслеживать чЭСК распространение в живой мыши.

В пробирке и в естественных Биолюминесценция Reporter Гена изображений из человеческих эмбриональных стволовых клеток

The discovery of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) has dramatically increased the tools available to medical scientists interested in regenerative ...

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