Name: crispr-cas9-based genome engineering to generate jurkat reporter models for hiv-1 infection with selected proviral integration sites
Uploaded: 2018-11-14T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about CRISPR-Cas9-based Genome Engineering to Generate Jurkat Reporter Models for HIV-1 Infection with Selected Proviral Integration Sites at JoVE.com

We thank Britta Weseloh and Bettina Abel for technical assistance. We also thank Arne D&#252;sedau and Jana Hennesen (flow cytometry technology platform, Heinrich Pette Institut) for technical support.

1. Targeting Strategy for Genome Engineering and Targeting Vector (tv) Design
NOTE: The first step of genome engineering involves selection and generation of the necessary tools for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated targeting. Selection of a genomic integration site locus, choice of cell type for targeting, and design of an HIV-derived reporter for integration should precede this step. This protocol describes targeting of an HIV-LTR_tdTomato_BGH-PA minimal reporter into Jurkat target cells. ...

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Here, we describe a protocol to generate HIV-1-derived Jurkat reporter models with chosen proviral integration sites applying CRISPR-Cas9-based genome engineering.
Several points of the protocol require careful attention during the planning stage. First, the locus to be targeted should be chosen carefully, as some loci might be easier to target than others (e.g., depending on the chromatin status of the region and the target sequence itself). Repetitive sequences are hard to clone int...

Integration of proviral DNA into the host genome upon infection is a critical step in the life cycle of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Following integration, HIV persists by establishing latency in long-lived CD4+ T cell subsets such as memory CD4+ T cells. HIV integration appears to be non-random1,2. A number of genomic hotspots with recurrently integrated proviral DNA has been detected in several studies through the sequencing of integration sites in acutely and chronically infected individuals2,3,4,5,6,7,8. Interestingly, at some of these integration sites, the same locus was detected in a large fraction of infected cells, leading to the idea that integration at recurrent sites might positively affect clonal expansion1.
To advance our understanding of the significance of recurrent integration sites, proviral integration site choice must be explored. However, several technical aspects hamper studying HIV integration site choice and the consequences. Broadly used cell culture models for HIV latency like JLat cell lines do not reflect clinically relevant recurrent integration sites9. Studies on primary patient-derived cells, on the one hand, enable description of integration site landscape by sequencing but do not allow for functional analyses. To our knowledge, no adequate experimental model is available to functionally analyze selected clinically relevant integration sites.
Here we present a detailed workflow to generate novel models for HIV infection using CRISPR-Cas9-based genome engineering technology. The workflow described herein can be used to generate T cell-derived reporter cell lines that model HIV infection, carrying a genomically integrated proviral reporter at a chosen integration site. They are thus serving as new tools to explore how the proviral integration site can impact HIV biology and how the provirus responds to different treatment strategies (e.g., inducibility by latency reversing agents). Our method uses the advantages of CRISPR-Cas9-based genome engineering, in which integration of the reporter sequence by homologous recombination is facilitated by a Cas9 nuclease-induced double-strand break at the target site. Target sites for integration are chosen according to proximity to the described recurrent integration sites from studies on HIV-infected individuals and the presence of suitable PAM motifs for Cas9-mediated genome engineering.
In our exemplary results, we have focused on the BACH2 gene locus, which codes for the BTB And CNC Homology transcriptional regulator 2. In chronically HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy, BACH2 is one of the loci showing enrichment of integrated HIV-1 sequences3,6,7,8,10. We have chosen a minimal HIV-derived reporter consisting of HIV-1-derived long terminal repeat (LTR), tdTomato coding sequence, and bovine growth hormone (BGH) polyadenylation signal (PA), which we have targeted to two specific sites in BACH2 intron 5. The presented protocol is optimized for Jurkat cells, a human CD4+ T cell-derived suspension cell line, but other cell lines may be used and the protocol adapted accordingly. We present a detailed workflow for selection of target site, construction of target vector with homology arms, CRISPR-Cas9-mediated targeting of the reporter into the chosen genomic site, generation and selection of clonal lines, and comprehensive verification of newly generated, targeted reporter cell lines.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>pX330-U6-Chimeric_BB-cBh-hSpCas9</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>42230</td>
			<td>vector for expression of SpCas9 and gRNA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pMK</td>
			<td>GeneArt</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>mammalian expression vector for cloning</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>cDNA3.1</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>V79020</td>
			<td>mammalian expression vector for cloning</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BbsI</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>R0539S</td>
			<td>restriction enzyme</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NEBuilder Hifi DNA Assembly Cloning Kit</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>E5520S</td>
			<td>Assembly cloning kit used for target vector generation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TaqPlus Precision PCR System</td>
			<td>Agilent Technologies</td>
			<td>600210</td>
			<td>DNA polymerase with proofreading activity used for amplification of homology arms (step 1.2.2.2), verification of integration site and reporter sequence (step 3.3.3 and 3.3.5), generation of genomic probe for Southern blot (step 3.4.1.5) and analysis of off-target events (step 3.5.4)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>96-well tissue culture plate (round-bottom)</td>
			<td>TPP</td>
			<td>92097</td>
			<td>tissue culture plates for dilution plating</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phusion High-Fidelity DNA polymerase</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>M0530 L</td>
			<td>DNA polymerase used for detection of targeting events (step 2.4.2) and generation ofreporter-specific probe for Southern blot (step 3.4.1.4)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D9170</td>
			<td>dimethyl sulfoxide as PCR additive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2) Solution</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>B9021S</td>
			<td>MgCl2 solution as PCR additive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Deoxynucleotide (dNTP) Solution Mix</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>N0447S</td>
			<td>dNTP mixture with 10 mM of each nt for PCR reactions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5PRIME HotMasterMix</td>
			<td>5PRIME</td>
			<td>2200400</td>
			<td>ready-to-use PCR mix used for screening PCR (step 3.2.11)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>QIAamp DNA blood mini kit</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>51106</td>
			<td>DNA isolation and purification kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>QIAquick PCR Purification Kit</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>28106</td>
			<td>PCR Purification Kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI 1640 without glutamine</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>BE12-167F</td>
			<td>cell culture medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum South Africa Charge</td>
			<td>PAN Biotech</td>
			<td>P123002</td>
			<td>cell culture medium supplement</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-glutamine</td>
			<td>Biochrom</td>
			<td>K 0282</td>
			<td>cell culture medium supplement</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin/Streptomycin 10.000 U/ml / 10.000 &#181;g/ml</td>
			<td>Biochrom</td>
			<td>A 2212</td>
			<td>cell culture medium supplement</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gibco Opti-MEM Reduced Serum Media</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>31985062</td>
			<td>cell culture medium with reduced serum concentration optimized for transfection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TransIT-Jurkat</td>
			<td>Mirus Bio</td>
			<td>MIR2125</td>
			<td>transfection reagent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P8139-1MG</td>
			<td>cell culture reagent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ionomycin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>I0634-1MG</td>
			<td>cell culture reagent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe-driven filter unit, PES membrane, 0,22 &#181;m</td>
			<td>Millex</td>
			<td>SLGP033RB</td>
			<td>filter unit for sterile filtration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heracell 150i incubator</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>51026280</td>
			<td>tissue culture incubator</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Amershan Hybond-N+</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare</td>
			<td>RPN1520B</td>
			<td>positively charged nylon membrane for DNA and RNA blotting</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stratalinker 1800</td>
			<td>Stratagene</td>
			<td>400072</td>
			<td>UV crosslinker</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High Prime</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>11585592001</td>
			<td>kit for labeling of DNA with radioactive dCTP using random oligonucleotides as primers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>illustra ProbeQuant G-50 Micro Columns</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare</td>
			<td>28-9034-08</td>
			<td>chromatography spin-columns for purification of labeled DNA</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

crispr-cas9-based genome engineering to generate jurkat reporter models for hiv-1 infection with selected proviral integration sites

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) integrates its proviral DNA non-randomly into the host cell genome at recurrent sites and genomic hotspots. Here we present a detailed protocol for the generation of novel in vitro models for HIV infection with chosen genomic integration sites using CRISPR-Cas9-based genome engineering technology. With this method, a reporter sequence of choice can be integrated into a targeted, chosen genomic locus, reflecting clinically relevant integration sites.
In the protocol, the design of an HIV-derived reporter and choosing of a target site and gRNA sequence are described. A targeting vector with homology arms is constructed and transfected into Jurkat T cells. The reporter sequence is targeted to the selected genomic site by homologous recombination facilitated by a Cas9-mediated double-strand break at the target site. Single-cell clones are generated and screened for targeting events by flow cytometry and PCR. Selected clones are then expanded, and correct targeting is verified by PCR, sequencing, and Southern blotting. Potential off-target events of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome engineering are analyzed.
By using this protocol, novel cell culture systems that model HIV infection at clinically relevant integration sites can be generated. Although the generation of single-cell clones and verification of correct reporter sequence integration is time-consuming, the resulting clonal lines are powerful tools to functionally analyze proviral integration site choice.

In this representative experiment we have chosen to target a minimal HIV-1-derived reporter consisting of a LTR, tdTomato-coding sequence, and polyA-signal sequence to two loci in intron 5 of the BACH2 gene17. The loci for targeting were chosen according to proximity to published recurrent integration sites found in different studies on primary T cells from HIV-infected patients2,4,<sup class="xr...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about CRISPR-Cas9-based Genome Engineering to Generate Jurkat Reporter Models for HIV-1 Infection with Selected Proviral Integration Sites at JoVE.com

CRISPR-Cas9-based Genome Engineering to Generate Jurkat Reporter Models for HIV-1 Infection with Selected Proviral Integration Sites

We present a genome engineering workflow for the generation of new in vitro models for HIV-1 infection that recapitulate proviral integration at selected genomic sites. Targeting of HIV-derived reporters is facilitated by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated, site-specific genome manipulation. Detailed protocols for single-cell clone generation, screening, and correct targeting verification are provided.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) integrates its proviral DNA non-randomly into the host cell genome at recurrent sites and genomic hotspots. Here we ...

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