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Producer surplus is the difference between the price at which producers are willing to sell their product in the market and the price that they receive. It represents the benefit that producers receive when they sell the product at a higher price than their minimum acceptable price. The supply curve represents the minimum acceptable price for selling each quantity of the good.

When all goods are sold at the same market price, the producer surplus is represented as the triangular area between the supply curve and the horizontal line at the market price up to the quantity sold. This area forms a triangle when the supply curve is linear. 

The supply choke price is the price at which producers are unwilling to supply any quantity of a product, meaning the quantity supplied equals zero. On a supply curve graph, the supply choke price corresponds to the point where the supply curve intersects the vertical price axis, where no quantity is offered for sale at or below this price.

From Chapter 12:

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