Chapter 12
The Appendicular Skeleton
عظام الطرف العلوي: عظم العضد
The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, ...
عظام الطرف العلوي: الزند
The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process ...
عظام الطرف العلوي: نصف القطر
The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of ...
عظام الطرف السفلي: عظم الفخذ والرضفة
The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip ...
عظام الطرف السفلي: الظنبوب والشظية
The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest ...
التغييرات في الهيكل العظمي الزائدي مع تقدم العمر
The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud ...
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