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Chapter 16

Acid-base and Solubility Equilibria

تأثير الأيون الشائع
تأثير الأيون الشائع
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of ...
المحاليل المنظِّمة
المحاليل المنظِّمة
A solution containing appreciable amounts of a weak conjugate acid-base pair is called a buffer solution, or a buffer. Buffer solutions resist a change in ...
معادلة هندرسون هاسلبالخ
معادلة هندرسون هاسلبالخ
The ionization-constant expression for a solution of a weak acid can be written as: Rearranging to solve for [H3O+] yields: Taking the negative ...
حساب تغيرات الرقم الهيدروجيني (pH) في محلول منظِّم
حساب تغيرات الرقم الهيدروجيني (pH) في محلول منظِّم
A buffer can prevent a sudden drop or increase in the pH of a solution after the addition of a strong acid or base up to its buffering capacity; however, ...
فعالية المحلول المنظِّم
فعالية المحلول المنظِّم
Buffer solutions do not have an unlimited capacity to keep the pH relatively constant . Instead, the ability of a buffer solution to resist changes in pH ...
حسابات المعايرة: حمض قوي-قاعدة قوية
حسابات المعايرة: حمض قوي-قاعدة قوية
Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Strong Acid/Strong Base A titration is carried out for 25.00 mL of 0.100 M HCl (strong acid) with 0.100 M of a ...
حسابات المعايرة: حمض ضعيف-قاعدة ضعيفة
حسابات المعايرة: حمض ضعيف-قاعدة ضعيفة
Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Weak Acid/Strong Base For the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.100 M CH3CO2H with 0.100 M NaOH, the reaction can be ...
المؤشّرات
المؤشّرات
Certain organic substances change color in dilute solution when the hydronium ion concentration reaches a particular value. For example, phenolphthalein ...
معايرة حمض بوليبروتيك
معايرة حمض بوليبروتيك
A polyprotic acid contains more than one ionizable hydrogen and undergoes a stepwise ionization process.  If the acid dissociation constants of the ...
توازنات الذوبان
توازنات الذوبان
Solubility equilibria are established when the dissolution and precipitation of a solute species occur at equal rates. These equilibria underlie many ...
العوامل المؤثّرة على الذويان
العوامل المؤثّرة على الذويان
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of ...
تكوين الأيونات المعقّدة
تكوين الأيونات المعقّدة
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition ...
ترسيب الأيونات
ترسيب الأيونات
Predicting Precipitation The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is: It is important to realize ...
التحليل النوعي
التحليل النوعي
For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a ...
منحنيات معايرة القاعدة الحمضية
منحنيات معايرة القاعدة الحمضية
A titration curve is a plot of some solution property versus the amount of added titrant. For acid-base titrations, solution pH is a useful property to ...
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