<ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> تأخذ الطحال الفئران لويس (الجرذان بين 200G - 160 هي الأفضل). Dilacerate على الجليد في طبق بتري تحتوي على المضادات الحيوية PBS + (PBS - PS) باستخدام مصفاة الخلية. وضعت في أنبوب 50 مل. تمتلئ PBS - PS. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> تدور لمدة 10 دقيقة على 4 إلى خلايا بيليه درجة مئوية. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> غسل الخلايا مرتين. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> Resuspend الكرية في NH 4 الكلورين 0.15 متر (5 مل في الطحال). المزيج بلطف وبشكل مستمر مع الماصة لمدة 3 دقائق على الجليد لليز في الكريات الحمراء. ملء الأنبوب مع المتوسط. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> تدور لمدة 10 دقيقة على 4 إلى خلايا بيليه درجة مئوية. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> غسل الخلايا مرتين. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> عدد الخلايا. والطحال الفئران يعطي 200-250000000 الخلايا. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> بذور الخلايا بنحو 2 مليون لكل مل في المتوسط ​​الكامل : 50 مل لكل 75 قارورة 2 سم. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> اسمحوا تنمو لمدة 48 ساعة في الحاضنة. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> تدور لمدة 15 دقيقة عند 4 درجة مئوية إلى خلايا بيليه. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> جمع طاف ؛ تجاهل الخلايا. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> إضافة 15 ملغ / مل a mannoside الميثيل إلى طاف. مزيج دقيق. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> تصفية (0.2 ملم) </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> قسامة وتخزينها في -20 درجة مئوية. يمكن الاحتفاظ بها في 4 درجات مئوية لمدة 10 أيام إذا لزم الأمر. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Beeton, C., Barbaria, J., Devaux, J., Benoliel, A. -. M., Gola, M., Sabatier, J. -. M., Bernard, D., Crest, M., Beraud, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selective+blocking+of+voltage-gated+K++channels+treats+experimental+autoimmune+encephalomyelitis+and+inhibits+T-cell+activation.">Selective blocking of voltage-gated K+ channels treats experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and inhibits T-cell activation.</a> J. Immunol. 166, 936-944 (2001).</li><li>Beeton, C., Wulff, H., Barbaria, J., Clot-Faybesse, O., Pennington, M., Bernard, D., Cahalan, M. D., Chandy, K. G., Beraud, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selective+blockade+of+T+lymphocyte+K++channels+ameliorates+experimental+autoimmune+encephalomyelitis,+a+model+for+multiple+sclerosis.">Selective blockade of T lymphocyte K+ channels ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a model for multiple sclerosis.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. 98, 13942-13947 (2001).</li><li>Mor, F., Cohen, I. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Propagation+of+Lewis+rat+encephalitogenic+T+cell+lines:+T-cell-growth-factor+is+superior+to+recombinant+IL-2.">Propagation of Lewis rat encephalitogenic T cell lines: T-cell-growth-factor is superior to recombinant IL-2.</a> J. Neuroimmunol. 123, 76-82 (2002).</li></ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

نحن نستعد TCGF من splenocytes الفئران لويس لأننا الموت ببطء بانتظام الفئران ساذج من هذه السلالة لحصاد المصل والتوتة لتحفيز خلايا الفئران خطوط لويس تي في المختبر. ويمكن استخدام هذا TCGF لتعزيز النمو والبقاء على قيد الحياة من خطوط الخلايا التائية من سلالات الفئران الأخرى. ويمكن أيضا أن تك?...

لإعداد كاملة مستنبت إضافة التالي لزجاجة 500 مل من RPMI 1640 ومعقمة فلتر : 10 ٪ FCS (1) ؛ زجاجة من باريس سان جيرمان ، 5 مل الفيتامينات RPMI ؛ البيروفات الصوديوم 5 مل و 5 مل غير الأحماض الأمينية الأساسية ، و 50 أوقية بيتا المركابتويثانول ؛ 2 ميكروغرام / مل كونكانافالين A.

preparing t cell growth factor from rat splenocytes

صيانة خطوط محددة مستضد الخلايا التائية أو استنساخ في الثقافة يتطلب جولات من مستضد التي يسببها تفعيل مفصولة مراحل التوسع 1،2 الخلية. إضافة انترلوكين 2 إلى وسائل الإعلام الثقافة خلال مرحلة التوسع ضروري لمنع موت الخلايا وكافية للحفاظ على المدى القصير خطوط الخلايا T ولكن ثبت لزيادة الاستقطاب TH1 3. استبدال انترلوكين 2 بواسطة الخلايا التائية عامل النمو (TCGF) الذي يحتوي على مزيج من السيتوكينات هو أكثر فعالية من انترلوكين 2 في الحفاظ على المدى الطويل خطوط الخلايا التائية في المختبر 3. وعلاوة على ذلك ، يمكن بسهولة TCGF تكون مستعدة بكميات كبيرة في المختبر ، وأرخص بكثير من المؤتلف انترلوكين 2. هنا ، وتبين لنا كيفية تحضير TCGF من الفئران supernatants ثقافة خلية طحالية. لهذا الإجراء ، ونحن الحصاد الطحال من الفئران لويس السذاجة الموت الرحيم لجمع الدم والغدة الصعترية. نحن نستعد وحيدة الخلية الحذف من الطحال ، lyze خلايا الدم الحمراء من صدمة ناضح ، والبذور splenocytes في المتوسط ​​الثقافة. يتم تحفيز الخلايا مع كونكانافالين A ، وهو أن mitogen غير انتقائي تنشيط الخلايا اللمفية تي جميع الفئران ، الأمر الذي أدى إلى إنتاج السيتوكينات. يتم جمع supernantant الثقافة بعد 48 ساعة كونكانافالين andexcess منضما إلى mannoside الميثيل ألفا لمنعها من تفعيل خطوط الخلايا التائية التي ستضاف TCGF. وTCGF غير معقمة ، ثم تمت تصفيتها ، aliquoted ، وتخزينها في -20 درجة مئوية.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparing T Cell Growth Factor from Rat Splenocytes at JoVE.com

Preparing T Cell Growth Factor from Rat Splenocytes

وصفنا إعداد الخلايا التائية عامل النمو المستخدمة في المختبر في التوسع من الفئران محددة مستضد خطوط تي اللمفاوية.

إعداد عامل نمو الخلايا T من Splenocytes الجرذ

Maintenance of antigen-specific T cell lines or clones in culture requires rounds of antigen-induced activation separated by phases of cell expansion 1,2. ...

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12.6K Views.  University of California, Irvine (UCI). وصفنا إعداد الخلايا التائية عامل النمو المستخدمة في المختبر في التوسع من الفئران محددة مستضد خطوط تي اللمفاوية.

Video: Preparing T Cell Growth Factor from Rat Splenocytes

Growth Factor-Coated Bead Placement on Dorsal Forebrain Explants

This video demonstrates two methods for preparing and placing beads, which have been coated with growth factor, on explants of the developing cerebral cortex. These beads can be used to induce spatially restricted gene expression on developing neural tissue such as forebrain explants. Methods are given for using both Affi-Gel beads and heparin acryllic beads.

عامل النمو المغلفه الموضع الخرزة على Explants الدماغ المقدم الظهرية

Preparing E18 Cortical Rat Neurons for Compartmentalization in a Microfluidic Device

In this video, we demonstrate the preparation of E18 cortical rat neurons. E18 cortical rat neurons are obtained from E18 fetal rat cortex previously dissected and prepared. The E18 cortex is, upon dissection, immediately dissociated into individual neurons. It is possible to store E18 cortex in Hibernate E buffer containing B27 at 4&deg;C for up to a week before the dissociation is performed. However, there will be a drop in cell viability. Typically we obtain our E18 Cortex fresh. It is transported to the lab in ice cold Calcium free Magnesium free dissection buffer (CMFM). Upon arrival, trypsin is added to the cortex to a final concentration of 0.125%. The cortex is then incubated at 37&deg;C for 8 minutes. DMEM containing 10% FBS is added to the cortex to stop the reaction. The cortex is then centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 2 minutes. The supernatant is removed and 2 ml of Neural Basal Media (NBM) containing 2% B27 (vol/vol) and 0.25% Glutamax (vol/vol) is added to the cortex which is then re-suspended by pipetting up and down. Next, the cortex is triturated with previously fire polished glass pipettes, each with a successive smaller opening. After triturating, the cortex is once again centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 2 minutes. The supernatant is then removed and the cortex pellet re-suspended with 2 ml of NBM containing B27 and Glutamax. The cell suspension is then passed through a 40 um nylon cell strainer. Next the cells are counted. The neurons are now ready for loading into the neuron microfluidic device.

In this video we demonstrate the preparation of E18 Cortical Rat Neurons.

إعداد E18 العصبونات القشرية للتجزئة الجرذ في جهاز ميكروفلويديك

In this video, we demonstrate the preparation of E18 cortical rat neurons. E18 cortical rat neurons are obtained from E18 fetal rat cortex previously ...

Placing Growth Factor-Coated Beads on Early Stage Chicken Embryos

The neural tube expresses many proteins in specific spatiotemporal patterns during development. These proteins have been shown to be critical for cell fate determination, cell migration, and formation of neural circuits. Neuronal induction and patterning involve bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), sonic hedgehog (SHH), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), among others. In particular, the expression pattern of Fgf8 is in close proximity to regions expressing BMP4 and SHH. This expression pattern is consistent with developmental interactions that facilitate patterning in the telencephalon.

Here we provide a visual demonstration of a method in which an in ovo preparation can be used to test the effects of Fgfs in the formation of the forebrain. Beads are coated with protein and placed in the developing neural tube to provide sustained exposure. Because the procedure uses small, carefully placed beads, it is minimally invasive and allows several beads to be placed within a single neural tube. Moreover, the method allows for continued development so that embryos can be analyzed at a more mature stage to detect changes in anatomy and in neural patterning. This simple but useful protocol allows for real time imaging. It provides a means to make spatially and temporally limited changes to endogenous protein levels.

A variety of growth factors and proteins interact to induce cells to take on different cell fates during development. Here we demonstrate the use of an in ovo preparation to address possible interactions between different proteins in development by placing beads on E2.5 chick embryos.

وضع عامل النمو المغلفه الخرز على أجنة الدجاج المرحلة المبكرة

The neural tube expresses many proteins in specific spatiotemporal patterns during development.   These proteins have been shown to be critical for cell ...

Neuronal Cell Cultures from Aplysia for High-Resolution Imaging of Growth Cones

Neuronal growth cones are the highly motile structures at the tip of axons that can detect guidance cues in the environment and transduce this information into directional movement towards the appropriate target cell. To fully understand how guidance information is transmitted from the cell surface to the underlying dynamic cytoskeletal networks, one needs a model system suitable for live cell imaging of protein dynamics at high temporal and spatial resolution. Typical vertebrate growth cones are too small to quantitatively analyze F-actin and microtubule dynamics. Neurons from the sea hare Aplysia californica are 5-10 times larger than vertebrate neurons, can easily be kept at room temperature and are very robust cells for micromanipulation and biophysical measurements. Their growth cones have very defined cytoplasmic regions and a well-described cytoskeletal system. The neuronal cell bodies can be microinjected with a variety of probes for studying growth cone motility and guidance. In the present protocol we demonstrate a procedure for dissection of the abdominal ganglion, culture of bag cell neurons and setting up an imaging chamber for live cell imaging of growth cones.

Aplysia californica neurons develop large growth cones in culture that are excellent for high-resolution imaging of growth cone motility and guidance. Here, we present a protocol for dissection and plating of Aplysia bag cell neurons as well as for setting up a chamber for live cell imaging.

الخلية العصبية من الثقافات Aplysia عن التصوير عالية الدقة من المخاريط النمو

Neuronal growth cones are the highly motile structures at the tip of axons that can detect guidance cues in the environment and transduce this information ...

Protocol for Culturing Sympathetic Neurons from Rat Superior Cervical Ganglia (SCG)

The superior cervical ganglia (SCG) in rats are small, glossy, almond-shaped structures that contain sympathetic neurons.  These neurons provide sympathetic innervations for the head and neck regions and they constitute a well-characterized and relatively homogeneous population (4).  Sympathetic neurons are dependent on nerve growth factor (NGF) for survival, differentiation and axonal growth and the wide-spread availability of NGF facilitates their culture and experimental manipulation (2, 3, 6).  For these reasons, cultured sympathetic neurons have been used in a wide variety of studies including neuronal development and differentiation, mechanisms of programmed and pathological cell death, and signal transduction (1, 2, 5, and 6).  Dissecting out the SCG from newborn rats and culturing sympathetic neurons is not very complicated and can be mastered fairly quickly.  In this article, we will describe in detail how to dissect out the SCG from newborn rat pups and to use them to establish cultures of sympathetic neurons.  The article will also describe the preparatory steps and the various reagents and equipment that are needed to achieve this.

Protocol for Culturing Sympathetic Neurons from Rat Superior Cervical Ganglia SCG

This is a protocol describing how to isolate and culture primary sympathetic neurons from superior cervical ganglia (SCG) of newborn rat pups.

بروتوكول للالخلايا العصبية التثقيف تعاطفية من العقد الجرذ عنق الرحم فخمة (SCG)

The superior cervical ganglia (SCG) in rats are small, glossy, almond-shaped structures that contain sympathetic neurons.  These neurons provide ...

Video Bioinformatics Analysis of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Colony Growth

Because video data are complex and are comprised of many images, mining information from video material is difficult to do without the aid of computer software.  Video bioinformatics is a powerful quantitative approach for extracting spatio-temporal data from video images using computer software to perform dating mining and analysis. In this article, we introduce a video bioinformatics method for quantifying the growth of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) by analyzing time-lapse videos collected in a Nikon BioStation CT incubator equipped with a camera for video imaging. In our experiments, hESC colonies that were attached to Matrigel were filmed for 48 hours in the BioStation CT.  To determine the rate of growth of these colonies, recipes were developed using CL-Quant software which enables users to extract various types of data from video images.  To accurately evaluate colony growth, three recipes were created. The first segmented the image into the colony and background, the second enhanced the image to define colonies throughout the video sequence accurately, and the third measured the number of pixels in the colony over time.  The three recipes were run in sequence on video data collected in a BioStation CT to analyze the rate of growth of individual hESC colonies over 48 hours. To verify the truthfulness of the CL-Quant recipes, the same data were analyzed manually using Adobe Photoshop software. When the data obtained using the CL-Quant recipes and Photoshop were compared, results were virtually identical, indicating the CL-Quant recipes were truthful. The method described here could be applied to any video data to measure growth rates of hESC or other cells that grow in colonies. In addition, other video bioinformatics recipes can be developed in the future for other cell processes such as migration, apoptosis, and cell adhesion.  

Video bioinformatics is the automated processing, analysis, understanding, and data mining of biological spatio-temporal data extracted from microscopic videos. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate a method for measuring human embryonic stem cell colony growth using a video bioinformatics method.

الفيديو المعلوماتية الحيوية تحليل النمو البشري الخلية الجذعية الجنينية كولوني

Because video data are complex and are comprised of many images, mining information from video material is difficult to do without the aid of computer ...

Live Imaging of Cell Extrusion from the Epidermis of Developing Zebrafish

Homeostatic maintenance of epithelial tissues requires the continual removal of damaged cells without disrupting barrier function. Our studies have found that dying cells send signals to their live neighbors to form and contract a ring of actin and myosin that ejects it out from the epithelial sheet while closing any gaps that might have resulted from its exit, a process termed cell extrusion1. The optical clarity of developing zebrafish provides an excellent system to visualize extrusion in living epithelia. Here we describe a method to induce and image extrusion in the larval zebrafish epidermis. To visualize extrusion, we inject a red fluorescent protein labeled probe for F-actin into one-cell stage transgenic zebrafish embryos expressing green fluorescent protein in the epidermis and induce apoptosis by addition of G418 to larvae. We then use time-lapse imaging on a spinning disc confocal microscope to observe actin dynamics and epithelial cell behaviors during the process of apoptotic cell extrusion. This approach allows us to investigate the extrusion process in live epithelia and will provide an avenue to study disease states caused by the failure to eliminate apoptotic cells.

Dying cells are extruded from epithelial tissues by concerted contraction of neighboring cells without disrupting barrier function. The optical clarity of developing zebrafish provides an excellent system to visualize extrusion in living epithelia. Here we describe methods to induce and image extrusion in the larval zebrafish epidermis at cellular resolution.

يعيش التصوير من النتوء خلية من البشرة من اسماك الزرد النامية

Homeostatic maintenance of epithelial tissues requires the continual removal of damaged cells without disrupting barrier function.  Our studies have found ...

Modified Yeast-Two-Hybrid System to Identify Proteins Interacting with the Growth Factor Progranulin

Progranulin (PGRN), also known as granulin epithelin precursor (GEP), is a 593-amino-acid autocrine growth factor. PGRN is known to play a critical role in a variety of physiologic and disease processes, including early embryogenesis, wound healing 1, inflammation 2, 3, and host defense 4. PGRN also functions as a neurotrophic factor 5, and mutations in the PGRN gene resulting in partial loss of the PGRN protein cause frontotemporal dementia 6, 7. Our recent studies have led to the isolation of PGRN as an important regulator of cartilage development and degradation 8-11. Although PGRN, discovered nearly two decades ago, plays crucial roles in multiple physiological and pathological conditions, efforts to exploit the actions of PGRN and understand the mechanisms involved have been significantly hampered by our inability to identify its binding receptor(s). To address this issue, we developed a modified yeast two-hybrid (MY2H) approach based on the most commonly used GAL4 based 2-hybrid system. Compared with the conventional yeast two-hybrid screen, MY2H dramatically shortens the screen process and reduces the number of false positive clones. In addition, this approach is reproducible and reliable, and we have successfully employed this system in isolating the binding proteins of various baits, including ion channel 12, extracellular matrix protein 10, 13, and growth factor14. In this paper, we describe this MY2H experimental procedure in detail using PGRN as an example that led to the identification of TNFR2 as the first known PGRN-associated receptor 14, 15.

We have modified the conventional yeast two-hybrid screening, an effective genetic tool in identifying protein interaction. This modification markedly shortens the process, reduces the workload, and most importantly, reduces the number of false positives. In addition, this approach is reproducible and reliable.

تعديل الخميرة اثنين والهجين نظام لتحديد البروتينات التفاعل مع عامل النمو Progranulin

Progranulin (PGRN), also known as granulin epithelin precursor (GEP), is a 593-amino-acid autocrine growth factor. PGRN is known to play a critical role ...

Preparing Individual Drosophila Egg Chambers for Live Imaging

Live cell imaging is an important technique applied to a number of Drosophila tissues used as models to investigate topics such as axis specification, cell differentiation and organogenesis 1. Correct preparation of the experimental samples is a crucial, often neglected, step. The goal of preparation is to ensure physiological relevance and to establish optimal imaging conditions. To maintain tissue viability, it is critical to avoid dehydration, hypoxia, overheating or medium deterioration 2. 
 The Drosophila egg chamber is a well established system for examining questions relating, but not limited, to body patterning, mRNA localization and cytoskeletal organization 3,4. For early- and mid-stage egg chambers, mounting in halocarbon oil is good for survival in that it allows free diffusion of oxygen, prevents dehydration and hypoxia and has superb optical properties for microscopy. Imaging of fluorescent proteins is possible through the introduction of transgenes into the egg chamber or physical injection of labeled RNA, protein or antibodies 5-7. For example, addition of MS2 constructs to the genome of animals enables real time observation of mRNAs in the oocyte 8. These constructs allow for in vivo labeling of mRNA through utilization of the MS2 bacteriophage RNA stem loop interaction with its coat protein 9. 
 Here, we present a protocol for the extraction of ovaries as well as isolating individual ovarioles and egg chambers from the female Drosophila. For a detailed description of Drosophila oogenesis see Allan C. Spradling (1993, reprinted 2009) 10.

Preparing Individual Drosophila Egg Chambers for Live Imaging

The Drosophila egg chamber is an excellent model for studying the mechanisms of mRNA localization. In order to capture the dynamic events that underpin the processes of localization, rapid high resolution imaging of live tissue is required. Here, we present a protocol for dissection and imaging of live samples with minimal disruption.

إعداد فردية ذبابة الفاكهة البيض غرف للتصوير لايف

Live cell imaging is an important technique applied to a number of Drosophila tissues used as models to investigate topics such as axis specification, ...

Kinematic Analysis of Cell Division and Expansion: Quantifying the Cellular Basis of Growth and Sampling Developmental Zones in Zea mays Leaves

Growth analyses are often used in plant science to investigate contrasting genotypes and the effect of environmental conditions. The cellular aspect of these analyses is of crucial importance, because growth is driven by cell division and cell elongation. Kinematic analysis represents a methodology to quantify these two processes. Moreover, this technique is easy to use in non-specialized laboratories. Here, we present a protocol for performing a kinematic analysis in monocotyledonous maize (Zea mays) leaves. Two aspects are presented: (1) the quantification of cell division and expansion parameters, and (2) the determination of the location of the developmental zones. This could serve as a basis for sampling design and/or could be useful for data interpretation of biochemical and molecular measurements with high spatial resolution in the leaf growth zone. The growth zone of maize leaves is harvested during steady-state growth. Individual leaves are used for meristem length determination using a DAPI stain and cell-length profiles using DIC microscopy. The protocol is suited for emerged monocotyledonous leaves harvested during steady-state growth, with growth zones spanning at least several centimeters. To improve the understanding of plant growth regulation, data on growth and molecular studies must be combined. Therefore, an important advantage of kinematic analysis is the possibility to correlate changes at the molecular level to well-defined stages of cellular development. Furthermore, it allows for a more focused sampling of specified developmental stages, which is useful in case of limited budget or time.

Kinematic Analysis of Cell Division and Expansion: Quantifying the Cellular Basis of Growth and Sampling Developmental Zones in Zea mays Leaves

Quantifying cell division and expansion is of crucial importance to the understanding of whole-plant growth. Here, we present a protocol to calculate cellular parameters determining maize leaf growth rates and highlight the use of these data for investigating molecular growth regulatory mechanisms by directing developmental stage-specific sampling strategies.

تحليل الحركية من انقسام الخلايا والتوسع: تحديد مقدار الأساس الخلوي للمناطق التنموية النمو وأخذ العينات في<em&gt; ذرة شامية</em&gt; أوراق

Growth analyses are often used in plant science to investigate contrasting genotypes and the effect of environmental conditions. The cellular aspect of ...