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Efficient Transfection of <em>In vitro</em> Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles

In vitro transcribed messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have displayed enormous potential in fighting against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. ...

Third Military Medical University

Recent advancements in the field of in vitro transcribed mRNA (IVT-mRNA) vaccination have attracted considerable attention to such vaccination as a cutting-edge technique against infectious diseases including COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. While numerous pathogens infect the host through the respiratory mucosa, conventional parenterally administered vaccines are unable to induce protective immunity at mucosal surfaces. Mucosal immunization enables the induction of both mucosal and systemic immunity, efficiently removing pathogens from the mucosa before an infection occurs. Although respiratory mucosal vaccination is highly appealing, successful nasal or pulmonary delivery of nucleic acid-based vaccines is challenging because of several physical and biological barriers at the airway mucosal site, such as a variety of protective enzymes and mucociliary clearance, which remove exogenously inhaled substances. Hence, advanced nanotechnologies enabling delivery of DNA and IVT-mRNA to the nasal and pulmonary mucosa are urgently needed. Ideal nanocarriers for nucleic acid vaccines should be able to efficiently load and protect genetic payloads, overcome physical and biological barriers at the airway mucosal site, facilitate transfection in targeted epithelial or antigen-presenting cells, and incorporate adjuvants. In this review, we discuss recent developments in nucleic acid delivery systems that target airway mucosa for vaccination purposes.

Nanotechnologies in Delivery of DNA and mRNA Vaccines to the Nasal and Pulmonary Mucosa.

In the present study, we reported the complete mitogenome sequence of  Stevens & Félix 2019. The whole mitogenome of  is 14006 bp in length with an extreme bias of high AT content (75.26%) (GenBank accession no. OL362111). The mitochondrial genome contains 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNAs) genes, 2 ribosomal RNA (12S rRNA and 16S rRNA) genes, and a control region. All genes were unidirectionally transcribed on the same strand, typical for other nematode mitogenomes. 9 PCGs were initiated by typical ATN codons, except for NAD2, CYTB and NAD4, which were start with TTG codons. All the PCGs were predicted to use the typical TAN as the stop codons. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the relationship of  is very close to other species in the family Rhabditidae and separated form species of the families Ascarididae, Toxocaridae, Anisakidae and Ascaridiidae with high bootstrap value support.

Article	Year
Nanotechnologies in Delivery of DNA and mRNA Vaccines to the Nasal and Pulmonary Mucosa. Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)\| PubMed ID: 35055244	2022
Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of a nematode species, (Nematoda, Rhabditidae). Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources\| PubMed ID: 35692637	2022

Yuheng Liu

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