This work was supported by the 2022 &#34;Tianfu Qingcheng Plan&#34; Tianfu Science and Technology Leading Talents Project (Chuan Qingcheng No. 1090), the National TCM Clinical Excellent Talents Training Program (National TCM Renjiao Letter [2022] No. 1), &#34;100 Talent Plan&#34; Project of Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Hospital office [2021] 42), Special subject of scientific research of Sichuan Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2021MS539, 2023MS608). Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2023ZYD0050, 24NSFJQ0077), Science and Technology Development Fund Project of Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (22HL11).

The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Clinical Research Approval Committee of the Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (KY2022027). Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects.
1. Preparation of materials
NOTE: See Figure 1 and the Table of Materials for details about materials used in this protocol.
<ol>
	<li>Use a utility knife to cut out five pieces of ginger, each piece ~0.4-0.6 cm-thick and 2-3 cm in diameter. Prick out five small holes in each piece with a cotton swab24.</li>
	<li>Take the moxa sticks apart, remove an appropriate amount of moxa, and knead them into a mass in the palm. Make a moxa cone with a bottom diameter of ~0.3 cm and a height of ~0.3 cm.</li>
</ol>
2. Preparation of the doctor
<ol>
	<li>Prepare a separate treatment room to avoid exposing the patient&#39;s privacy and keep the patient warm.</li>
	<li>Select cases according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria formulated in advance (see Table 1).</li>
	<li>Wear a clean white coat, medical surgical mask, and disposable operating cap.</li>
	<li>Disinfect hands before operation.</li>
</ol>
3. Subject preparation
<ol>
	<li>Ask the patient to empty their bladder, lie on the back, expose the abdomen, and relax.</li>
</ol>
4. Operation
<ol>
	<li>Locate the Shenque Acupoint (CV 8) according to the national standard: Nomenclature and location of meridian points25. Disinfect the skin for ~5 cm around the acupoint. 
	NOTE: The Shenque acupoint is in the upper abdomen, in the center of the umbilicus, located at the intersection of the anterior superior iliac spine level and the midline of the abdomen26 (see Figure 2).</li>
	<li>Cut a hole in the center of the treatment towel and lay it over the Shenque Acupoint to prevent the rest of the abdomen from getting cold and prevent burning of the skin by the burning moxa.</li>
	<li>Place the moxa cone on a piece of ginger and light it. With tweezers, transfer the ginger piece with tweezers from the operating table to the patient&#39;s Shenque Acupoint (Figure 3A,B).</li>
	<li>Place a new moxa cone on top of another piece of ginger and light it after 3 min. 
	NOTE: A moxa cone takes ~3-5 min to burn.</li>
	<li>Remove the ginger and moxa cone from the patient&#39;s Shenque Acupoint. When the cone burns out, replace it with a new one. Put the burnt-out moxa cone into water to extinguish it (Figure 3C).</li>
	<li>Repeat steps 4.4 and 4.5 4x. Then, finish the treatment. 
	NOTE: The entire treatment lasts for 5 days and must be performed once a day.</li>
</ol>

Assessing the Efficacy of Ginger Moxibustion in Diarrhea Management in COPD

<ol>
	<li>Venkatesan, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=GOLD+COPD+report:+2024+update.">GOLD COPD report: 2024 update.</a> Lancet Respir Med. 12 (1), 15-16 (2024).</li><li>Agusti, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Global+initiative+for+chronic+obstructive+lung+disease+2023+report:+Gold+executive+summary.">Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease 2023 report: Gold executive summary.</a> Eur Respir J. 61 (4), 2300239 (2023).</li><li>Quanying, H., Cuiling, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expert+consensus+on+integrated+chinese+and+western+medicine+management+of+chronic+obstructive+pulmonary+disease+(2023+edition).">Expert consensus on integrated chinese and western medicine management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2023 edition).</a> Journal of Chinese General Practice. 26 (35), 4359-4371 (2023).</li><li>Wang, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prevalence+and+risk+factors+of+chronic+obstructive+pulmonary+disease+in+china+(the+china+pulmonary+health+[cph]+study):+A+national+cross-sectional+study.">Prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in china (the china pulmonary health [cph] study): A national cross-sectional study.</a> Lancet. 391 (10131), 1706-1717 (2018).</li><li>Arasaradnam, R. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Guidelines+for+the+investigation+of+chronic+diarrhoea+in+adults:+British+society+of+gastroenterology,+3rd+edition.">Guidelines for the investigation of chronic diarrhoea in adults: British society of gastroenterology, 3rd edition.</a> Gut. 67 (8), 1380-1399 (2018).</li><li>Schiller, L. R., Pardi, D. S., Sellin, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chronic+diarrhea:+Diagnosis+and+management.">Chronic diarrhea: Diagnosis and management.</a> Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 15 (2), 182-193.e3 (2017).</li><li>H&#246;genauer, C., Hammer, H. F., Krejs, G. J., Reisinger, E. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanisms+and+management+of+antibiotic-associated+diarrhea.">Mechanisms and management of antibiotic-associated diarrhea.</a> Clin Infect Dis. 27 (4), 702-710 (1998).</li><li>Vollenweider, D. J., Frei, A., Steurer-Stey, C. A., Garcia-Aymerich, J., Puhan, M. 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The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

The causes of diarrhea in COPD patients are various, including gastrointestinal infection, irritable bowel, antibiotic abuse, food factors (cold diet, lactose intolerance, excessive fat intake), drugs (laxatives such as magnesium sulfate and lactulose, dehydrating agents such as mannitol and sorbitol)6, Chinese medicinal herbs-natural herbs-are used worldwide and have significant effects on human glucose and lipid metabolism, intestinal inflammation, and oxidative stress30....

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms (dyspnea, cough, sputum production, or exacerbations) due to abnormalities of the airways (bronchitis, bronchiolitis) and/or alveoli (emphysema) that cause persistent, often progressive, airflow obstruction1,2. COPD has become a severe chronic disease with high morbidity, high mortality, high disability rate, and heavy disease burden. The &#34;China Lung Health Study&#34; shows that the incidence of COPD in people over 40 years old in China is 13.7%3. The total number of COPD patients in China is ~100 million. Acute exacerbations occur 0.5-3.5 times in patients with COPD each year and are the main cause of death in COPD patients. In 2013, the total number of deaths from COPD in China was 910,000, ranking third for a single disease, accounting for 31.1% of the total number of deaths from COPD in the world4.
Diarrhea refers to an increased frequency of bowel movements, thin stool, mucus, pus, blood, undigested food, urgent bowel movements, or even fecal incontinence. Precisely, diarrhea consists of more than three bowel movements per day, with the fecal water content greater than 85%5,6. Diarrhea is a common extrapulmonary complication in COPD patients and is usually accompanied by loss of appetite, bloating, fatigue, anxiety, and other discomfort. Studies have shown that the incidence of diarrhea in COPD patients during antibiotic treatment is ~5%-25%7. Diarrhea leads to water and electrolyte disturbances in patients and aggravates the risk of malnutrition in patients. It not only reduces the quality of life of patients with COPD but also impedes the recovery of respiratory function and affects the prognosis of COPD8,9,10. The management of diarrhea mainly includes antidiarrheic, oral or intravenous rehydration, probiotics, antibiotics (where there is evidence of infection)11,12,13,14, zinc treatment15, and diet therapy16,17. However, antidiarrheal drug treatment can only temporarily control the symptoms of diarrhea, which cannot be cured entirely. Other methods have a longer course of treatment, which increases the burden on patients. Therefore, an easily implemented non-pharmacological therapy is necessary for treating diarrhea in COPD patients.
Ginger moxibustion involves cutting fresh ginger (Zingiber officinale) into thin slices, lighting moxa sticks on the ginger slices, and then placing moxibustion at specific acupuncture points. Moxa is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, which can warm channels to dispel coldness Moxibustion can eliminate many uncomfortable symptoms through the warming meridian. It is effective in treating knee joint disease, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic atrophic gastritis, post chemotherapy nausea, and vomiting18,19,20,21. Ginger slices have the effect of dispelling cold22,23. In clinical practice, most COPD patients have diarrhea symptoms. Acute exacerbation of DOPD is usually triggered by infection; antibiotics can control the infection but tend to worsen diarrhea symptoms. Dietary adjustment, antidiarrheal drugs, and intestinal flora supplementation have some benefits for diarrhea, but they are not enough. Ginger moxibustion is an ancient traditional Chinese medicine technique, which has the functions of warming the body and dispelling cold, reconciling qi and blood, fueling health, and enhancing spleen and stomach function. It has been observed to have an outstanding effect on diarrhea in clinical settings. It is simple and easy to perform, has no apparent side effects, and is easy for patients to accept.
Here, we present a randomized controlled trial using ginger moxibustion as a non-pharmacological therapy to treat COPD patients with diarrhea, comparing it to conventional therapy to confirm the effectiveness and superiority of ginger moxibustion therapy. Detailed descriptions of the procedure and video demonstrations will help further promote this traditional Chinese medicine therapy.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>box cutter</td>
			<td>Deli Group Co., LTD</td>
			<td>/</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>disposable medical treatment towel</td>
			<td>Sichuan Hualikang Medical Technology Co., LTD</td>
			<td>2024010902</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>dry cotton swabs</td>
			<td>Chengdu Zhongxin sanitary materials, LLC.</td>
			<td>20240102</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>fresh ginger</td>
			<td>Qingyang community comprehensive market</td>
			<td>/</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>iodophor cotton swabs</td>
			<td>Zhejiang Beijiaer hygiene Technology Co., LTD</td>
			<td>20231201</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>lighter</td>
			<td>Xiayi Shuntong Lighter manufacturing Co., LTD</td>
			<td>25625</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>medical bending disc</td>
			<td>HYNAUT</td>
			<td>100062487683</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>moxa sticks</td>
			<td>Nanyang Fuaitang wormwood biological products Co., LTD</td>
			<td>15941917095</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>tweezers</td>
			<td>HYSTIC</td>
			<td>100013619175</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

ginger moxibustion, a non-pharmacological treatment, for diarrhea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common and frequently occurring disease in the elderly population, and it tends to progressively worsen. Diarrhea is a common extrapulmonary complication in patients with COPD. Diarrhea can cause dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, weakness, and a loss of appetite, among other adverse consequences, which seriously affect the quality of life and nutritional status of patients. These consequences are not conducive to improving airway obstruction in COPD patients. At present, modern medicine has poor curative effects, fails to control symptoms fully, causes a relapse after drug withdrawal, has side effects, and increases the medication burden of patients. Ginger moxibustion is a unique non-pharmacological therapy of traditional Chinese medicine, which is safe and effective in controlling diarrhea, has few side effects, and is easy to accept. It is, therefore, an ideal alternative therapy. This article aims to introduce the protocol of ginger moxibustion for treating diarrhea in COPD patients.

Basic conditions 
A total of 18 patients with COPD complicated with diarrhea were divided into a treatment group (9 cases) and a control group (9 cases) (see Table 2). All patients met the diagnostic criteria1, accompanied by symptoms of diarrhea, and were type 5 or above according to the Bristol stool chart5. The treatment group received ginger moxibustion treatment and conventional symptomatic treatment (including inhalation preparat...

Author Spotlight: Exploring Non-Pharmacological Therapies for Chronic Respiratory Diseases &#8212; Linking Intestinal Microbiome Insights to COPD Treatment

Here, we present the method of using ginger moxibustion to treat diarrhea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Ginger Moxibustion, A Non-pharmacological Treatment, for Diarrhea in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common and frequently occurring disease in the elderly population, and it tends to progressively worsen. ...

ginger-moxibustion-non-pharmacological-treatment-for-diarrhea

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

561 Views.  Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Here, we present the method of using ginger moxibustion to treat diarrhea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Video: Author Spotlight: Exploring Non-Pharmacological Therapies for Chronic Respiratory Diseases — Linking Intestinal Microbiome Insights to COPD Treatment

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to the general population, and this is only partially explained by traditional CVD risk factors. Vascular dysfunction is an important non-traditional risk factor, characterized by vascular endothelial dysfunction (most commonly assessed as impaired endothelium-dependent dilation [EDD]) and stiffening of the large elastic arteries. While various techniques exist to assess EDD and large elastic artery stiffness, the most commonly used are brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMDBA) and aortic pulse-wave velocity (aPWV), respectively. Both of these noninvasive measures of vascular dysfunction are independent predictors of future cardiovascular events in patients with and without kidney disease. Patients with CKD demonstrate both impaired FMDBA, and increased aPWV. While the exact mechanisms by which vascular dysfunction develops in CKD are incompletely understood, increased oxidative stress and a subsequent reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability are important contributors. Cellular changes in oxidative stress can be assessed by collecting vascular endothelial cells from the antecubital vein and measuring protein expression of markers of oxidative stress using immunofluorescence. We provide here a discussion of these methods to measure FMDBA, aPWV, and vascular endothelial cell protein expression.

The degree of vascular dysfunction and contributing physiological mechanisms can be assessed in patients with chronic kidney disease by measuring brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, aortic pulse-wave velocity, and vascular endothelial cell protein expression.

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to the general population, and this ...

Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients

Approximately 30% of epilepsy patients are refractory to antiepileptic drugs. In these cases, surgery is the only alternative to eliminate/control seizures. However, a significant minority of patients continues to exhibit post-operative seizures, even in those cases in which the suspected source of seizures has been correctly localized and resected. The protocol presented here combines a clinical procedure routinely employed during the pre-operative evaluation of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients with a novel technique for network analysis. The method allows for the evaluation of the temporal evolution of mesial network parameters. The bilateral insertion of foramen ovale electrodes (FOE) into the ambient cistern simultaneously records electrocortical activity at several mesial areas in the temporal lobe. Furthermore, network methodology applied to the recorded time series tracks the temporal evolution of the mesial networks both interictally and during the seizures. In this way, the presented protocol offers a unique way to visualize and quantify measures that considers the relationships between several mesial areas instead of a single area.

This protocol describes a procedure to track the evolution of mesial network measures in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients. It is based on the combination of intracranial recordings with a novel numerical technique for data analysis. Specifically, we present a protocol for network analyses of foramen ovale recordings.

Approximately 30% of epilepsy patients are refractory to antiepileptic drugs. In these cases, surgery is the only alternative to eliminate/control ...

Generation of a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Model in Mice by Repeated Ozone Exposure

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent airflow limitation and lung parenchymal destruction. It has a very high incidence in aging populations. The current conventional therapies for COPD focus mainly on symptom-modifying drugs; thus, the development of new therapies is urgently needed. Qualified animal models of COPD could help to characterize the underlying mechanisms and can be used for new drug screening. Current COPD models, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or the porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE)-induced emphysema model, generate COPD-like lesions in the lungs and airways but do not otherwise resemble the pathogenesis of human COPD. A cigarette smoke (CS)-induced model remains one of the most popular because it not only simulates COPD-like lesions in the respiratory system, but it is also based on one of the main hazardous materials that causes COPD in humans. However, the time-consuming and labor-intensive aspects of the CS-induced model dramatically limit its application in new drug screening. In this study, we successfully generated a new COPD model by exposing mice to high levels of ozone. This model demonstrated the following: 1) decreased forced expiratory volume 25, 50, and 75/forced vital capacity (FEV25/FVC, FEV50/FVC, and FEV75/FVC), indicating the deterioration of lung function; 2) enlarged lung alveoli, with lung parenchymal destruction; 3) reduced fatigue time and distance; and 4) increased inflammation. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the ozone exposure (OE) model is a reliable animal model that is similar to humans because ozone overexposure is one of the etiological factors of COPD. Additionally, it only took 6 - 8 weeks, based on our previous work, to create an OE model, whereas it requires 3 - 12 months to induce the cigarette smoke model, indicating that the OE model might be a good choice for COPD research.

This study describes the successful generation of a new chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) animal model by repeatedly exposing mice to high concentrations of ozone.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent airflow limitation and lung parenchymal destruction. It has a very high ...

Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement from Autologous Pericardium with a Self-Expandable Nitinol Stent in an Adult Sheep Model

Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement has been established as a viable alternative approach for patients suffering from right ventricular outflow tract or bioprosthetic valve dysfunction, with excellent early and late clinical outcomes. However, clinical challenges such as stented heart valve deterioration, coronary occlusion, endocarditis, and other complications must be addressed for lifetime application, particularly in pediatric patients. To facilitate the development of a lifelong solution for patients, transcatheter autologous pulmonary valve replacement was performed in an adult sheep model. The autologous pericardium was harvested from the sheep via left anterolateral minithoracotomy under general anesthesia with ventilation. The pericardium was placed on a 3D shaping heart valve model for non-toxic cross-linking for 2 days and 21 h. Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) and angiography were performed to assess the position, morphology, function, and dimensions of the native pulmonary valve (NPV). After trimming, the crosslinked pericardium was sewn onto a self-expandable Nitinol stent and crimped into a self-designed delivery system. The autologous pulmonary valve (APV) was implanted at the NPV position via left jugular vein catheterization. ICE and angiography were repeated to evaluate the position, morphology, function, and dimensions of the APV. An APV was successfully implanted in&#160;sheep J. In this paper, sheep J was selected to obtain representative results. A 30 mm APV with a Nitinol stent was accurately implanted at the NPV position without any significant hemodynamic change. There was no paravalvular leak, no new pulmonary valve insufficiency, or stented pulmonary valve migration. This study demonstrated the feasibility and safety, in a long-time follow-up, of developing an APV for implantation at the NPV position with a self-expandable Nitinol stent via jugular vein catheterization in an adult sheep model.

This study demonstrates the feasibility and safety of developing an autologous pulmonary valve for implantation at the native pulmonary valve position by using a self-expandable Nitinol stent in an adult sheep model. This is a step toward developing transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement for patients with right ventricular outflow tract dysfunction.

Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement has been established as a viable alternative approach for patients suffering from right ventricular outflow ...

Microscopic Cyst Resection for the Treatment of Patients Diagnosed with Epididymal Cyst

Epididymal cysts mostly occur in men aged 20-40 years old. Previous reports have covered concerns about postoperative complexes, including postoperative asoedema, hematoma, sustaining pain, and seminal tract obstruction in patients who have undertaken nonmicroscopic epididymal cyst resection or epididymal resection. Nonmicroscopic epididymal cyst surgery is suggested for patients with childbirth plans as a precaution. The treatment of male epididymal cysts via microtechnology is obviously a beneficial option; we took the lead in carrying out microscopic epididymal exploration and cyst resection surgery in China. From September 2017 to April 2021, 41 young and middle-aged male patients diagnosed with epididymal cysts underwent microtechnology treatment in a program titled &#34;microscopic epididymal exploration and cystectomy&#34;. The postoperative follow-up lasted for 3-50 months. The results confirmed that, as microscopic manipulation largely improved visualization of the subtle tissue structures of the epididymis, the cyst could be clearly dissected apart and completely removed intact under the microscope. Bleeding during the operation was significantly reduced (2-3 mL) and wound drainage was not required. According to follow-up data, microscopic treatment significantly reduced the incidence of postoperative scrotal hematoma, edema, and long-term postoperative pain, thereby promising a higher surgical success rate as well as recurrence prevention. Besides, preliminary experience and reflection suggest that microscopic epididymal exploration and cystectomy provide efficient preservation of the epididymal patency through refined treatment, while a better prognosis can be achieved. We recommend that surgery be carried out before the epididymal cyst develops to 0.8 cm in diameter, for fear that a larger epididymal cyst (&#62;0.9 cm in diameter) could cause the complete destruction of all tubules of the ipsilateral epididymis - a more severe case with damage to the testicular output network.

Here, we present a protocol to treat patients diagnosed with an epididymal cyst using microscopic cyst resection. Based on microscopic manipulation, a largely improved visualization of the subtle tissue structures of the epididymis was obtained, so the cyst could be clearly dissected apart and completely removed intact.

Epididymal cysts mostly occur in men aged 20-40 years old. Previous reports have covered concerns about postoperative complexes, including postoperative ...

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupoint Massage for Treating Constipation in a Patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common and frequent disease in elderly patients, with a tendency for progressive exacerbation. Constipation that reduces the quality of life and triggers the risk of diseases is a common concomitant symptom in patients with COPD. Currently, western medical treatment does not achieve the desired results for patients. A high recurrence rate accompanies it, whereas traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history and rich experience in treating chronic diseases. Both acupoint application and acupoint massage are characteristic therapies of TCM, with minor side effects, high safety, simple operation, and outstanding advantages. They are effective in treating constipation for patients with COPD and are considered an ideal alternative therapy for patients with chronic constipation. The purpose of this article is to introduce the method of acupoint application combined with acupoint massage for the treatment of constipation in patients with COPD, including the selection of points, items, treatment time, and operation procedure.

Here we demonstrate acupoint application combined with acupoint massage for treating constipation in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common and frequent disease in elderly patients, with a tendency for progressive exacerbation. ...

Acupuncture Stimulation of Ears to Alleviate Sleeping Disorders in COPD Patients

Auricular Acupuncture as a Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapy for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Combined with Sleep Disorders

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by persistent and irreversible airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. It has a wide spectrum of complications, and sleep disorders, as part of it, are common in severe cases, especially in elderly patients. Long-term lack of sleep may lead to the aggravation of the original disease, reducing patients' quality of life. Benzodiazepines are mainly used for symptomatic treatment of COPD combined with sleep disorders. However, such drugs have the side effect of respiratory central inhibition and could probably aggravate hypoxia symptoms. Auricular acupuncture is a special method of treating physical and psychosomatic dysfunctions by stimulating specific points in the ear. This article explains the specific methods of clinical operation of auricular acupuncture in detail, including assessment of patient eligibility, medical devices used, acupuncture points, course of treatment, post-treatment care, responses to emergencies, etc. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment scale (CAT) were used as the observational index of this method. So far, clinical reports have proved that auricular acupuncture has a definite curative effect in the treatment of COPD combined with sleep disorders, and its advantages of simple operation, few adverse reactions are worthy of further study and promotion, which provide a reference for the clinical treatment of such diseases.

Author Spotlight: Utilizing Traditional Chinese Acupuncture of the Ear to Improve Sleep Disorders 

This protocol introduces an effective method to improve the sleep condition of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and alleviate cough symptoms by using auricular acupuncture techniques to percutaneously stimulate specific acupoints in the patients' ears.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by persistent and irreversible airflow limitation and chronic ...

Warm Acupuncture and Moxibustion to Relieve COPD with Abdominal Distension

A Preliminary Study on Warm Acupuncture and Moxibustion for Treating Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Abdominal Distension

Most patients with COPD have a combination of abdominal distension, which has been shown to adversely affect pulmonary symptoms, frequency of acute exacerbations, and quality of life in patients with COPD. Warm acupuncture and moxibustion have been shown to be effective in relieving symptoms in patients with COPD combined with abdominal distention. Warm acupuncture and moxibustion are highly effective, easy to perform, and inexpensive forms of traditional Chinese medicine treatments. The standardized practice of warm acupuncture and moxibustion is very important for the treatment of COPD combined with abdominal distension. The specific steps include selecting the appropriate acupoints for needling through syndrome differentiation treatment and selecting moxa sticks of appropriate length for moxibustion for about 30 min after the De-qi. The course of treatment lasts for one week. The following indicators are specifically assessed: the score of the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and the abdominal distension visual analog scale (VAS). This article will clearly illustrate how to standardize the manipulation of warm acupuncture and moxibustion to relieve COPD combined with abdominal distention.

Author Spotlight: An Effective Traditional Chinese Medicinal Treatment for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Abdominal Distension 

Here, we present a protocol to properly manipulate warm acupuncture and moxibustion for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with abdominal distension.

Most patients with COPD have a combination of abdominal distension, which has been shown to adversely affect pulmonary symptoms, frequency of acute ...

Establishment of the KOA Model in Rabbits Using the Modified Videman Method

Application of Acupotomy in a Knee Osteoarthritis Model in Rabbit

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is one of the most frequently encountered diseases in the orthopedic department, which seriously reduces the quality of life of people with KOA. Among several pathogenic factors, the biomechanical imbalance of the knee joint is one of the main causes of KOA. Acupotomology believes that restoring the mechanical balance of the knee joint is the key to treating KOA. Clinical studies have shown that acupotomy can effectively reduce pain and improve knee mobility by reducing adhesion, contracture of soft tissues, and stress concentration points in muscles and tendons around the knee joint. 
In this protocol, we used the modified Videman method to establish a KOA model by immobilizing the left hindlimb in a straight position. We have outlined the method of operation and the precautions related to acupotomy in detail and evaluated the efficacy of acupotomy in conjunction with the theory of "Modulating Muscles and Tendons to Treat Bone Disorders" through the detection of the mechanical properties of quadriceps femoris and tendon, as well as cartilage mechanics and morphology. The results show that acupotomy has a protective effect on cartilage by adjusting the mechanical properties of the soft tissues around the knee joint, improving the cartilage stress environment, and delaying cartilage degeneration.

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Mechanism of Action of Acupotomy in Treating Knee Osteoarthritis

In this protocol, a knee osteoarthritis model was prepared using the modified Videman method, and the operation procedures and precautions of acupotomy are detailed. The effectiveness of acupotomy has been demonstrated by testing the mechanical properties of quadriceps femoris and tendon and the mechanical and morphological properties of cartilage.

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is one of the most frequently encountered diseases in the orthopedic department, which seriously reduces the quality of life of ...

A Moxibustion Platform for Herbal Cake-Based Treatment of Rats with Renal Failure

Using Herbal-Cake-Separated Moxibustion for the Treatment of Rats with Chronic Renal Failure

In the process of moxibustion in clinical practice, subjects need to be in a stable mood and comfortable posture to avoid problems such as moxa ash falling, scalding skin, and poor curative effect. Such problems also exist in the rat moxibustion experiment. To simulate clinical practice, it is necessary to introduce an experimental instrument in animal experiments, that is, a moxibustion device with fixed rats and moxibustion treatment synchronization, which can make experimental rats receive moxibustion treatment quietly and comfortably under non-anesthesia.
Our research group designed a rat moxibustion experimental platform. The device was framed by a wooden board with a supporting base plate, multiple fixed components, and partitioned components. The device can achieve the operation mode of moxibustion in rats without binding, avoiding anesthesia and scalding and simultaneously exposing multiple acupoints on the back. This operation can avoid physical and mental injury to rats and operators, which improves the research efficiency and further promotes the development and research of moxibustion animal experiments.
The device has a simple structure, is easy to operate and popularize, is comprehensively and innovatively designed, reusable, and is suitable for rat experiments mainly based on moxibustion. This article mainly introduces the structure of the experimental platform device for rat moxibustion, the basic procedure of herbal-cake-separated-moxibustion in experimental rats using the device and describes the establishment of a rat model of chronic renal failure (CRF) and representative experimental results.

Author Spotlight: Understanding the Effect of Herbal-Cake-Separated Moxibustion in Rats with Renal Faliure

The moxibustion experimental platform can fix the rats without restriction, and the rats can undergo multi-acupoint moxibustion in the awake state, ensuring the welfare of the rats, protecting the safety of the operators, ensuring therapeutic efficacy, and improving the efficiency of the experiment.

In the process of moxibustion in clinical practice, subjects need to be in a stable mood and comfortable posture to avoid problems such as moxa ash ...