whole-body-regional-quantification-active-human-brown-adipose-tissue

Whole Body and Regional Quantification of Active Human Brown Adipose Tissue Using <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT

In endothermic animals, brown adipose tissue (BAT) is activated to produce heat for defending body temperature in response to cold. BAT&#39;s ability to ...

Harvard Medical School

Physiologic activity of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in the intestinal tract occurs frequently in patients undergoing PET/computed tomography (CT) imaging, appearing most often in the colon. The purpose of this study is to determine the localization of the FDG within the colon. We hypothesize that intestinal FDG activity is intraluminal.

Focal physiologic fluorodeoxyglucose activity in the gastrointestinal tract is located within the colonic lumen.

As potential activators of brown adipose tissue (BAT), mild cold exposure and sympathomimetic drugs have been considered as treatments for obesity and diabetes, but whether they activate the same pathways is unknown. In 10 healthy human volunteers, we found that the sympathomimetic ephedrine raised blood pressure, heart rate, and energy expenditure, and increased multiple circulating metabolites, including glucose, insulin, and thyroid hormones. Cold exposure also increased blood pressure and energy expenditure, but decreased heart rate and had little effect on metabolites. Importantly, cold increased BAT activity as measured by (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET-CT in every volunteer, whereas ephedrine failed to stimulate BAT. Thus, at doses leading to broad activation of the sympathetic nervous system, ephedrine does not stimulate BAT in humans. In contrast, mild cold exposure stimulates BAT energy expenditure with fewer other systemic effects, suggesting that cold activates specific sympathetic pathways. Agents that mimic cold activation of BAT could provide a promising approach to treating obesity while minimizing systemic effects.

Cold but not sympathomimetics activates human brown adipose tissue in vivo.

Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) can be activated to increase glucose uptake and energy expenditure, making it a potential target for treating obesity and metabolic disease. Data on the functional and anatomic characteristics of BAT are limited, however. In 20 healthy young men [12 lean, mean body mass index (BMI) 23.2 ± 1.9 kg/m; 8 obese, BMI 34.8 ± 3.3 kg/m] after 5 h of tolerable cold exposure, we measured BAT volume and activity by F-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (PET/CT). Obese men had less activated BAT than lean men (mean, 130 vs. 334 mL) but more fat in BAT-containing depots (mean, 1,646 vs. 855 mL) with a wide range (0.1-71%) in the ratio of activated BAT to inactive fat between individuals. Six anatomic regions had activated BAT-cervical, supraclavicular, axillary, mediastinal, paraspinal, and abdominal-with 67 ± 20% of all activated BAT concentrated in a continuous fascial layer comprising the first three depots in the upper torso. These nonsubcutaneous fat depots amounted to 1.5% of total body mass (4.3% of total fat mass), and up to 90% of each depot could be activated BAT. The amount and activity of BAT was significantly influenced by region of interest selection methods, PET threshold criteria, and PET resolutions. The present study suggests that active BAT can be found in specific adipose depots in adult humans, but less than one-half of the fat in these depots is stimulated by acute cold exposure, demonstrating a previously underappreciated thermogenic potential.

Ilan Tal

Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging,
Department of Radiology,
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center,
Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

Harvard Medical School

Whole Body and Regional Quantification of Active Human Brown Adipose Tissue Using ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT

Ilan Tal

Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging,Department of Radiology,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

Harvard Medical School

Whole Body and Regional Quantification of Active Human Brown Adipose Tissue Using 18F-FDG PET/CT

Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging,
Department of Radiology,
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center,
Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

Whole Body and Regional Quantification of Active Human Brown Adipose Tissue Using ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT