Chapter 7
Costs
沉没成本和机会成本
Sunk costs are expenditures already made and cannot be recovered, irrespective of future choices. These costs are essentially "sunk" because they ...
固定成本和可变成本
In the short run, a firm's costs are divided into fixed and variable. Fixed costs are expenses that do not fluctuate with the level of output. These ...
合计固定、合计可变和总成本曲线
In the short run, a firm incurs various fixed expenses such as lease payments, insurance premiums, and machinery depreciation. Collectively, these are ...
平均固定成本、平均变量和平均总成本 I
Average Fixed Cost (AFC) is the total fixed cost per unit of output. It's calculated by dividing the total fixed costs (TFC) by the quantity of output ...
平均固定成本、平均可变成本和平均总成本 II
The Average Fixed Cost, or AFC curve, is the graphical representation of the average fixed cost. It starts at the first unit of output. As the level of ...
边际成本 I
Marginal cost is the additional cost incurred by a firm when it produces one more unit of a good or service. It's derived from the change in total ...
边际成本 II
The marginal cost (MC) curve typically exhibits a U-shaped pattern, reflecting the relationship between marginal cost and production level. Initially, as ...
平均成本和边际成本之间的关系
Marginal Cost (MC) is a variable cost that refers to the additional expenses incurred by the firm when producing one more unit of a good or service. The ...
长远成本的性质
In the short run, costs can be classified into fixed or variable categories. Variable costs fluctuate with the level of production or service activity, ...
短期与长期:平均成本
In the short run, firms cannot adjust the quantity of certain factors of production, like capital and technology. However, firms can change the quantity ...
短期与长期:边际成本
In economics, the short-run marginal cost (SRMC) and long-run marginal cost (LRMC) curves depict how the cost of producing additional units of output ...
规模经济
A firm may experience economies of scale in the long run. This occurs when a firm's output increases, but its total costs increase at a slower rate. ...
规模不经济
Diseconomies of scale occur in the long run when the costs per unit increase with each additional unit of output. For example, the firm may double its ...
范围经济
Economies of scope refer to a firm's cost advantages by producing a wider variety of products rather than focusing on a single product. Economies of ...
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