6.1 : 关于企业生产行为的假设

A study of a firm's production involves making certain assumptions about its production behavior.

Firstly, the firm is assumed to produce a single homogeneous product.

Secondly, for ease of analysis, it is assumed that the firm uses only two inputs, labor and capital, for production. However, in reality, a firm utilizes resources such as labor, buildings, machinery, equipment, software, hardware, and many other things.

Thirdly, it is assumed that the firm operates efficiently, choosing the combination of inputs that minimizes costs for any given level of output. This is known as productive efficiency.

Next, the prices of the inputs are assumed to be constant, meaning the firm is a price taker in factor markets.

Lastly, it is assumed that the firm's output exhibits diminishing returns to labor and capital. This means that if a firm increases the labor employed, keeping the capital constant, it will increase the output initially. However, after some point, employing more labor will generate less additional output. The same is true if labor is held constant and capital is increased.

These assumptions simplify the analysis of a firm's production behavior by focusing on essential elements.