Chapter 3
烷烃和环烷烃
烷烃的结构
The formation of carbon-carbon bonds leading to the creation of the carbon chain is the basis of organic chemistry. August Kekulé and Archibald Scott ...
烷烃的结构异构体
Organic compounds of the same molecular formula can have different structural formulas called constitutional isomers, and the phenomenon is known as ...
烷烃的命名法
In the late 19th-century, the number of new chemical compounds discovered increased tremendously. Hence, the necessity arose to develop a naming system ...
烷烃的物理性质
Alkanes are nonpolar molecules due to the presence of only carbon and hydrogen atoms. The electronegativity difference between carbon and hydrogen is ...
纽曼投影
Different notations are used to represent the three-dimensional structure of molecules on two-dimensional surfaces. One of the most commonly used ...
乙烷和丙烷的构象
In an organic molecule, free rotation about the carbon-carbon single bond results in energetically different conformers of the molecule. Due to this ...
丁烷的构象
Unlike ethane and propane that have only two major conformations, butane has more than two conformers. The staggered form of butane in which the bulky ...
环烷烃
Cycloalkanes are saturated cyclic hydrocarbons with carbon atoms arranged in the form of rings. They have two fewer hydrogen atoms than the corresponding ...
环烷烃的构象
Adolf von Baeyer attempted to explain the instabilities of small and large cycloalkane rings using the concept of angle strain — the strain caused ...
环己烷的构象
Cyclohexane does not exist in a planar form due to the high angle and torsional strain it would experience in the planar structure. Instead, it adopts ...
环己烷的 Chair 构象
The chair conformation is the most stable form of cyclohexane due to the absence of angle and torsional strain. The absence of angle strain is a result of ...
取代环己烷的稳定性
This lesson discusses the stability of substituted cyclohexanes with a focus on energies of various conformers and the effect of 1,3-diaxial
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二取代环己烷:顺反异构
Depending upon the different spatial orientation of the substituents, the disubstituted cycloalkanes exhibit two types of stereoisomers. The cis isomers ...
燃烧能:烷烃和环烷烃稳定性的量度
The low reactivity in alkanes can be attributed to the non-polar nature of C–C and C–H σ bonds. Alkanes, therefore, were initially ...
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