Chapter 14
Channels and the Electrical Properties of Membranes
水通道蛋白
Aquaporins or AQPs are a family of integral membrane proteins whose primary function is to transport water, while some called aquaglyceroporins also ...
非门控离子通道
Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is ...
配体门控离子通道
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins with a channel for ions to pass through and a binding site for a ligand. The channel opens only when ...
电压门控离子通道
Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the ...
机械门控离子通道
Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, ...
神经元结构
Neurons are the main type of cell in the nervous system that generate and transmit electrochemical signals. They primarily communicate with each other ...
静息膜电位
The relative difference in electrical charge, or voltage, between the inside and the outside of a cell membrane, is called the membrane potential. It is ...
静息电位衰减
The resting membrane potential of a neuron (-70mV) is sustained due to the selective ion permeability of the membrane. At the resting potential, the ...
动作电位
Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of ...
通道视紫红质
Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some ...
膜片钳
Many fundamental cell functions such as muscle contraction and nerve transmission rely on the electrical signals produced by the movement of positively ...
电突触
Electrical synapses found in all nervous systems play important and unique roles. In these synapses, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are very ...
化学突触
Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because ...
神经递质的兴奋性和抑制作用
When an action potential reaches the presynaptic axon terminal, it releases neurotransmitters from the neuron into the synaptic cleft at a chemical ...
肌肉收缩
In skeletal muscles, acetylcholine is released by nerve terminals at the motor endplate—the point of synaptic communication between motor neurons ...
离子通道在神经元计算中的作用
A postsynaptic neuron usually receives numerous impulses from several other presynaptic neurons. The axon hillock of the postsynaptic neuron integrates ...
长效增效
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the ...
长期抑郁症
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the ...
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