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Chapter 12

Statistics in Practice

什么是实验?
什么是实验?
An experiment is a planned activity carried out under controlled conditions. The purpose of an experiment is to investigate the relationship between two ...
统计学研究设计
统计学研究设计
A study design is a set of techniques that allow a researcher to collect and analyze data from different variables defined for a specific research ...
观察性研究
观察性研究
Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not ...
实验设计
实验设计
An experimental design is a systematic process that allows researchers to evaluate the relationship between dependent and independent variables. There are ...
随机实验
随机实验
The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally ...
交叉实验
交叉实验
Crossover experiments, also called the repeated-measurements design, is a study design in which all experimental units are exposed to all treatments in ...
实验中的对照
实验中的对照
When conducting an experiment, it is crucial to have control to reduce bias and accurately measure the dependent variables. It also marks the results more ...
偏见
偏见
Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected ...
致 盲
致 盲
Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control ...
临床试验
临床试验
Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and ...
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