微管是厚的空心圆柱形蛋白质,有助于形成细胞骨架。微管在细胞中具有不同的作用。这些细丝有助于形成细胞附属物,如纤毛和鞭毛,它们负责运动。纤毛起源于基体,通过形成过渡区的膜状结构与主体隔开。该区域是脂质和蛋白质进入的大门,在睫状膜和体内形成脂质和蛋白质的独特组成。鞭毛的中央链称为轴丝,具有 9+2 排列的微管。
微管通过调节 Rho GTP 酶信号通路,使用调节肌动蛋白聚合等机制帮助细胞移动。在肌动蛋白聚合过程中,在 +TIPs 复合物的帮助下,微管隔离信号分子和肌动蛋白组装因子。这些分子仅在微管分解时释放,从而调节板状伪足和丝状伪足的形成。
当微管充当运动蛋白的轨道,将细胞内货物和信号分子运输到迁移细胞的前缘时,微管也可以调节定向迁移。与黏着斑连接相关的皮质微管有助于在细胞运动过程中从细胞膜中回收黏着斑蛋白。它们还促进了不同细胞骨架成分之间的串扰。这些微管在细胞边界附近经历反复的救援和灾难循环,以调节细胞运动。
来自章节 5:
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