9.1 : 心血管药物：根据治疗适应症进行分类

Cardiovascular diseases affect the heart and blood vessels.

Heart disorders impair the organ's functionality, such as blood pumping ability, resulting in insufficient blood flow and oxygen supply to vital organs.

Arrhythmias are cardiac electrical irregularities triggering accelerated or decelerated heartbeats and can cause sudden cardiac arrest.

Blood vessel disorders can affect the arteries, veins, and capillaries.

For instance, atherosclerosis, characterized by plaque accumulation within arterial walls, causes arterial narrowing and hardening, leading to a heart attack or stroke.

Hypertension or high blood pressure causes excessive vascular strain, damaging the heart, kidneys, and blood vessels, resulting in chronic kidney disease and heart failure.

Angina or chest pain arises from inadequate blood flow to the heart muscle due to narrowed or blocked coronary arteries.

Thromboembolic disorders involve unwanted clot formation occurring in a blood vessel, blocking it.

Cardiovascular drugs that help treat these disorders are categorized based on their desired therapeutic effects.