1.1 : 砌体

Masonry is an assembly of individual units like concrete blocks, stones, or bricks laid in rows and bonded with mortar to create walls, floors, arches, vaults, and other structural elements.

Its construction can be manually carried out with simple tools like a trowel to spread the mortar, a hammer to tap the masonry units, and a level to keep things horizontal and straight.

A stable base or foundation is essential for masonry to counteract its significant weight, avoid differential settlement,  and prevent the development of cracks.

There are structural and non-structural applications of masonry. Walls, columns, foundations, and load-bearing arches can be used to support loads within a structure.

Conversely, fireplaces, chimneys, and veneer systems showcase their use in non-structural, aesthetic, or protective elements.

Masonry, with its inherent compressive strength and the binding power of mortar, forms robust structures offering remarkable strength and durability against loads.

Additionally, masonry materials often possess inherent weather resistance and fire retardancy, contributing to their enduring nature. Masonry structures can be enhanced with reinforcements and metal ties for added strength.