1.3 : 结构主义

Structuralism is the theoretical foundation for the scientific study of the mind.

Structuralism breaks down mental processes into three basic elements — sensations, images, and emotions.

Imagine the human mind as a set of colored elements, where each color represents a different feeling or thought. Structuralism investigates how these elements combine to shape human experiences.

Structuralists study the mind by asking individuals to examine and describe their thoughts and feelings.

For example, when an individual eats ice cream, structuralists ask them to describe the experience, noting elements like coldness, sweetness, and joy to understand how these elements combine to create the complete experience.

The approach of structuralism relies on an individual's ability to observe and verbally explain their feelings, making the approach subjective.

Structuralism also fails to explain the thoughts beyond the five senses — sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell.

For instance, when asked to add 15 and 12, participants could quickly answer 27 but were unable to explain their thought process, pointing to structuralism's oversight of subconscious psychological elements, such as imageless thought.