4.3 : 意识状态改变

Altered states of consciousness can be substance-induced, or can be triggered by illness, meditation, and hypnosis.

The use of substances, such as stimulants or hallucinogens, alters chemicals in the brain, affecting consciousness.

For instance, marijuana alters sensory perception, making colors appear brighter and sounds more distinct.

Similarly, a high fever during an illness can alter consciousness, leading patients to see or hear things that are not real.

Hypnosis is a trance-like state of intense focus and narrowed attention. 

For example, during a stress reduction hypnosis session, an individual becomes more receptive to the therapist's instructions to help them relax and reduce stress.

Likewise, meditation involves concentrating on aspects such as breathing or a repeated phrase to aid relaxation, improve focus, and relieve stress.