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Method Article
This article describes real-time monitoring of HIFU ablation in canine liver with high frame rate ultrasound imaging using diverging and plane wave imaging. Harmonic Motion Imaging for Focused Ultrasound is used to image the decrease of acoustic radiation force induced displacement in the ablated region.
谐运动成像的聚焦超声(HMIFU)是可以执行和监控高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)消融的技术。的振荡运动在一个93元件和4.5兆赫中心频率的HIFU换能器的焦点通过使用函数发生器施加25赫兹振幅调制的信号生成的。与68kPa峰值压力64元件和2.5兆赫成像换能器被共焦地放置在HIFU换能器获取的射频(RF)信道数据的中心。在这个协议中,使用高强度聚焦超声与对体外犬肝7瓦的声功率热消融的实时监控进行说明。在2分钟HIFU治疗被施加在组织上和烧蚀区域是使用发散或平面波成像高达1000帧/秒成像实时。的RF信道的数据的矩阵乘以一个稀疏矩阵图像重建。视重建场是90°的发散わ已经和20毫米的平面波成像和数据进行采样,在80兆赫。重建是在4.5显示帧速率上的图形处理单元(GPU)执行,以图像在实时的。重构RF数据的一维归一化互相关性被用于估计轴向位移在焦点区域。的峰 - 峰位移的在焦深幅度它表示所述组织的硬化由于病灶的形成热消融过程中降低。位移信噪比(SNR D)在重点领域的平面波是比发散波显示出平面波成像的1.4倍似乎产生更好的置换贴图质量HMIFU比发散波成像。
High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is a technique that generates temperature elevation at the focal region and can be used to ablate cancerous tissue 1. Temperature elevation at the focus causes thermal lesions in the tissue 2. In order to avoid overtreating a region and to reduce treatment duration, it is imperative to reliably monitor the ablation. Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is the main technique used in clinic to guide and monitor HIFU treatment 3. MRI provides high spatial resolution images of the treated region with tissue displacement or thermal dose but has a frame rate of 0.1-1 Hz and is costly. Several ultrasound-based techniques such as B-mode imaging 4, passive acoustic mapping 5, shear wave imaging 6 and acoustic radiation force impulse 7 have been developed to guide and monitor thermal ablation. However, B-mode imaging and passive acoustic mapping do not provide imaging of mechanical properties of the ablated region which is useful to the operator to improve lesion delivery.
Shear wave imaging and acoustic radiation force impulse can both characterize the elasticity of the tissue by measuring acoustic radiation force-induced displacements 7,8. However, in both methods, the HIFU treatment is typically interrupted to monitor the ablation. Our group has developed a technique called Harmonic Motion Imaging for Focus Ultrasound (HMIFU) which can monitor the HIFU treatment with ultrasound without stopping the ablation9,10. Briefly, a HIFU transducer sends an amplitude-modulated wave to the region to ablate while simultaneously generating an oscillatory motion in the focal region. A co-axially aligned ultrasound transducer is used to image this oscillation. The magnitude of the induced motion is related to the stiffness of the tissue.
To ensure proper lesion delivery, the temporal resolution of real-time monitoring is of key interest in ablation guidance. Recently, our group has shown real-time streaming of displacement at a frame rate up to 15 Hz, imaged with diverging waves in a narrow field of view and using a fast image reconstruction method 11. Several beamforming techniques can be used to image the displacements. A large field of view can be obtained with diverging wave imaging by changing the delay profile but the axial direction is not aligned with the HIFU beam on the lateral regions and the wave is attenuated due to geometric spreading in the lateral direction, which can affect the quality of the displacement estimation. In contrast, the lateral field of view for plane wave is upper bounded by the active aperture but the axial direction is aligned with the HIFU beam at the focus and there is no geometric spreading in the lateral direction. Depending on the type of application, one or the other imaging method can be selected. The objectives of this protocol are to show how plane wave imaging can provide real-time streaming of displacements images using HMIFU during ablation and to compare the quality of the motion estimation between diverging and plane wave imaging.
该协议被批准哥伦比亚大学的机构动物护理和使用委员会。所有的数据采集和处理用Matlab环境执行。
1.实验装置
2.超声数据采集
3.排量成像
可以用发散和平面波成像获得HMI排量的实时流期间,高强度聚焦超声消融治疗。 图2是在高强度聚焦超声消融视频截屏显示使用平面波成像技术在体外犬肝脏的声辐射力引起的位移实时显示。的位移以4.5赫兹的显示帧速率流在实时计算机屏幕上。正位移示于红色和负位移为蓝色。病变使用HIFU消融。 图3示出对应于图2的消融后在肝脏中获得的病变被成功?...
HIFU病变的实时监控是非常重要的,以确保适当和有效的病变交付。作为病变形式中,组织变硬和下激励它的运动幅度减小。施加在HIFU的组织的结果的区域中诱导组织位移的声辐射力。在位移的相对变化是组织硬度相对变化的替代。这种技术提供监测HIFU病变不停止在与其它超声基础的方法治疗的优点。在这项研究中(4.5赫兹)的实时监测的时间分辨率比在MR引导HIFU消融(1赫兹)中获得更高。
...The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.
This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (R01-EB014496). The authors would like to thank Iason Apostolakis for his contribution to the experiments.
Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
P4-2 Phased array | ATL | ||
H-178 HIFU transducer | Sonic Concepts | ||
3-D positioner | Velmex Inc. | ||
AT33522A function generator | Agilent Technologies | ||
V-1 ultrasound system | Verasonics | ||
3100L RF amplifier | ENI | ||
Matching network | Sonic Concepts | ||
Degasing system | Sonic Concepts | ||
Programming software | Matlab | ||
Jacket software package | Accelereyes |
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