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在这里,我们提出了一种方案,通过基于GMP级可溶解微载体的全封闭系统实现贴壁细胞的大规模制造。人间充质干细胞、HEK293T细胞和Vero细胞的培养经过验证,符合细胞和基因治疗行业的数量要求和质量标准。
长期以来,细胞和基因治疗(CGT)行业的研究人员在细胞的高效和大规模扩增方面面临着巨大的挑战。针对二维平面培养系统的主要缺点,我们创新性地开发了一种基于GMP级可溶解多孔微载体的自动化封闭式工业规模细胞生产(ACISCP)平台,用于贴壁细胞的3D培养,包括人间充质干细胞/基质细胞(hMSCs)、HEK293T细胞和Vero细胞。为了实现大规模扩增,使用5 L和15 L搅拌罐生物反应器进行了两级扩增,在9天内产生了1.1 x10 10 hMSCs,整体扩增了128倍。通过完全溶解微载体收获细胞,浓缩,洗涤和配制基于连续流离心机的细胞处理系统,然后与细胞填充系统分装。与2D平面培养相比,从3D培养中收获的hMSCs的质量没有显著差异。我们还将这些可溶解的多孔微载体应用于CGT领域的其他流行细胞类型;具体而言,HEK293T 细胞和 Vero 细胞的峰值细胞密度分别为 1.68 x 10 7 个细胞/mL 和 1.08 x 107 个细胞/mL。本研究提供了一种使用生物工艺工程平台的方案,利用GMP级可溶解微载体和先进的封闭设备的特性来实现贴壁细胞的工业规模生产。
在过去的二十年里,CGT行业呈指数级增长。下一代药物的发展有望治疗和治愈许多难治性疾病1.自 2017 年美国食品药品监督管理局 (FDA) 首次批准 CGT 产品 Kymriah 以来,全球 CGT 相关研发持续快速增长,FDA 看到 CGT 的积极研究性新药申请在 2018 年增加到 500 项2。据预测,到 2030 年,美国 CGT 产品的批准数量可能达到 54-74 个2。
虽然CGT研究和创新的快速增长令人兴奋,但实验室研究和工业规模制造之间仍然存在巨大的技术差距,这些技术可以以可承受的成本提供这些有前途的药物,以达到尽可能多的患者。这些临床试验目前采用的流程是在实验室中建立的,用于小规模实验,需要付出巨大的努力来改进和创新CGT制造3。CGT产品有很多种,其中大多数基于活细胞,可以是同种异体的、自体的、工程的或天然的。这些活体药物比小分子实体或生物制剂复杂得多,因此使大规模生产成为一项重大挑战4,5,6。在这项工作中,我们展示了一种广泛应用于CGTs的三种锚定依赖性细胞的大规模细胞生产方案。这些包括用于细胞治疗的人间充质干细胞/基质细胞 (hMSC),以及 HEK293T 细胞和 Vero 细胞,这两种细胞都用于生产病毒,用于最终治疗性细胞产品的基因工程。锚定依赖性细胞通常在平面系统上培养,这需要手动处理。然而,人工培养方法需要大量的劳动力,并且容易受到污染,这可能会影响最终产品的质量。此外,没有在线过程控制,导致批次之间的质量差异很大7.以干细胞疗法为例,拥有超过200种干细胞候选药物,估计每年需要300万亿个hMSC才能满足临床应用需求8。因此,治疗性细胞的大规模生产已成为以如此高的细胞需求进行这些治疗性干预的先决条件9。
为了避免平面系统的挫折,人们已经努力在搅拌罐生物反应器中使用传统的不可溶解微载体10,11,12,13开发大规模制造工艺,但这些工艺存在复杂的制备程序和低细胞收获效率的问题14.最近,我们创新了一种用于干细胞扩增的可溶解微载体,旨在规避从传统不可溶解的商业微载体中收获细胞的挑战15。这种新型的市售GMP级3D可溶解多孔微载体3D TableTrix在大规模细胞生产中显示出巨大的潜力。事实上,基于这些多孔微载体的 3D 培养可以潜在地重建有利的仿生微环境,以促进细胞粘附、增殖、迁移和激活16。微载体的多孔结构和相互连接的孔隙网络可以产生更大的细胞粘附面积,促进氧气、营养物质和代谢物的交换,从而为体外细胞扩增创造最佳底物17。这些 GMP 级 3D 可溶解多孔微载体的高孔隙率使 hMSC 能够大规模扩增,并且细胞完全溶解的能力允许有效收获这些扩增的细胞18。它也是GMP级产品,并已在中国药品审评中心(备案号:F20210000003和F20200000496)19和美国FDA(FDA,USA;药物主文件编号:35481)20。
在这里,我们说明了使用这些可分散和可溶解的多孔微载体进行hMSC、HEK293T细胞和Vero细胞扩增的自动化封闭工业规模细胞生产(ACISCP)系统18。我们成功地实现了 hMSC 从 5 L 生物反应器到 15 L 生物反应器的两层扩增(9 天内累计扩增 128 倍),最终从单批生产中获得高达 1.1 x 1010 个 hMSC。通过完全溶解微载体收获细胞,浓缩,洗涤和配制基于连续流动离心机的细胞处理系统,然后与细胞填充系统分装。此外,我们还评估了hMSC产品的质量,以确认合规性。我们还展示了这些可溶解微载体在扩大生产其他两种类型的锚定细胞(HEK293T 细胞和 Vero 细胞)中的应用,这些电池广泛应用于 CGT 行业。HEK293T细胞的峰值细胞密度达到1.68 x 10 7个细胞/mL,而Vero细胞的峰值密度达到1.08 x 107个细胞/mL。ACISCP系统可以适应培养多种贴壁细胞,并有可能成为一个强大的平台,有助于加速CGT的产业化。
人体脐带购自北京清华长庚医院。所有关于人脐带间充质干细胞 (UCMSCs) 的获取、分离和培养的程序和方案均在知情同意下进行,并经北京清华长庚医院伦理委员会批准(备案号 22035-4-02),程序和方案符合 1964 年赫尔辛基宣言及其后来的修正案或类似的伦理标准。
1. hMSCs、HEK293T细胞和Vero细胞的单层培养
2. 细胞接种前搅拌罐生物反应器的制备
3. 在 5 L 搅拌罐生物反应器中接种、培养和收获细胞
4. 细胞配方、填充和完成
5. 细胞质量的表征
6. 在搅拌罐式生物反应器中对 G02 微载体进行HEK293T膨胀
7. 搅拌罐式生物反应器中 V01 微载体上的 Vero 细胞扩增
ACISCP 平台是一个全封闭系统,采用一系列用于放大扩增的搅拌罐生物反应器、用于自动细胞收获和配制的细胞处理系统以及细胞填充系统(图 1)。贴壁细胞附着在多孔微载体上,可分散到生物反应器中,从而实现贴壁细胞的悬浮培养。
按照所述方案,首先将2.5×108个hMSCs和10g W01微载体接种在5L搅拌罐生物反应器中以进行初始扩增。在第 4 天,?...
免疫疗法和干细胞疗法都使用活细胞作为药物;然而,它们的最终产品不应像小分子或病毒那样进行纯化或灭菌。因此,应始终牢记质量源于设计 (QbD) 的原则,并将其实际应用于电池生产过程中的化学制造和控制 (CMC) 过程23。优先考虑完全封闭的细胞培养系统以及处理系统和灌装系统,以满足要求。在这项研究中,我们提出了一种利用基于 GMP 级、可溶解和多孔 3D 微载体的...
Y.D.是北京CytoNiche生物技术有限公司的科学顾问,H.X.、Y.Z.、L.G.、M.L.、Y.Y.、W.L.和X.Y.是北京CytoNiche生物技术有限公司的员工。其他作者在本文所述的产品或公司中没有商业、专有或财务利益。所有其他作者都声明他们没有竞争利益。
这项工作得到了美国国家杰出青年学者科学基金会(82125018)的资助。
Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
0.25% trypsin EDTA | BasalMedia | S310JV | Used for 2D cell harvest. |
3D FloTrix Digest | CytoNiche Biotech | R001-500 | This is a reagent that specifically dissolves 3D TableTrix microcarriers. |
3D FloTrix MSC Serum Free Medium | CytoNiche Biotech | RMZ112 | This is a serum-free,animal-free medium for mesenchymal stem cell expansion and maintenance in 2D planar culture as well as 3D culture on 3D TableTrix microcarriers. |
3D FloTrix Single-Use Filtration Module | CytoNiche Biotech | R020-00-10 | This module contains 0.22 μm capsule filters used for filtration of culture medium and digest solution. |
3D FloTrix Single-Use Storage Bag (10 L) | CytoNiche Biotech | R020-00-03 | Used as feed bag for 5 L bioreactor. |
3D FloTrix Single-Use Storage Bag (3 L) | CytoNiche Biotech | R020-00-01 | Used as cell seeding or transfer bags. |
3D FloTrix Single-Use Storage Bag (50 L) | CytoNiche Biotech | R020-00-04 | Used as feed bag for 15 L bioreactor. |
3D FloTrix vivaPACK Disposable Fill&Finish Consumable Kit | CytoNiche Biotech | PACK-01-01 | This is a standard kit adapted to 3D vivaPACK fill and finish system. |
3D FloTrix vivaPACK fill and finish system for cells | CytoNiche Biotech | vivaPACK | This system is a closed liquid handling device, with automated mixing and gas exhausting functions. Cells resuspended in cryopreservation buffer can be rapidly and evenly aliquoted into 20 bags per batch. |
3D FloTrix vivaPREP PLUS cell processing system | CytoNiche Biotech | vivaPREP PLUS | This system is a continuous flow centrifuge-based device.Cells can be concentrated, washed, and resuspended under completely closed procedures. |
3D FloTrix vivaPREP PLUS Disposable Cell Processing Kit | CytoNiche Biotech | PREP-PLUS-00 | This is a standard kit adapted to 3D vivaPREP PLUS cell processing. |
3D FloTrix vivaSPIN bioreactor 15 L | CytoNiche Biotech | FTVS15 | This bioreactor product employs a controller, a 15 L glass stirred-tank vessel, and assessories. A special perfusion tube is available. |
3D FloTrix vivaSPIN bioreactor 5 L | CytoNiche Biotech | FTVS05 | This bioreactor product employs a controller, a 5 L glass stirred-tank vessel, and assessories.A special perfusion tube is available. |
3D FloTrix vivaSPIN Closed System Consumable Pack (10/15 L) | CytoNiche Biotech | R020-10-10 | This is a standard tubing kit adapted to 3D vivaSPIN bioreactor 15 L, containing sampling bags. |
3D FloTrix vivaSPIN Closed System Consumable Pack (2/5 L) | CytoNiche Biotech | R020-05-10 | This is a standard tubing kit adapted to 3D vivaSPIN bioreactor 5 L, containing sampling bags. |
3D TableTrix microcarriers G02 | CytoNiche Biotech | G02-10-10g | These porous and degradable microcarriers are suitable for HEK293T cell culture. They come pre-sterilized in 10g/bottle with C-Flex tubings for welding to tubes on bioreactors. |
3D TableTrix microcarriers V01 | CytoNiche Biotech | V01-100-10g | These porous and degradable microcarriers are suitable for adherent cell culture, they come as non-sterilized microcarriers that need to be autoclaved in PBS before use. They are especially suitable for vaccine production. |
3D TableTrix microcarriers W01 | CytoNiche Biotech | W01-10-10g (single-use packaging); W01-200 (tablets) | These porous and degradable microcarriers are suitable for adherent cell culture, especially for cells that need to be harvested as end products. They come pre-sterilized in 10g/bottle with C-Flex tubings for welding to tubes on bioreactors.The product has obtained 2 qualifications for pharmaceutical excipients from CDE, with the registration numbers of [F20200000496; F20210000003]. It has also received DMF qualification for pharmaceutical excipients from FDA, with the registration number of [DMF:35481] |
APC anti-human CD45 Antibody | BioLegend | 368512 | Used in flow cytometry for MSC identity assessment |
Calcein-AM/PI Double Staining Kit | Dojindo | C542 | Calcein-AM/PI Double Staining Kit is utilized for simultaneous fluorescence staining of viable and dead cells. This kit contains Calcein-AM and Propidium Iodide (PI) solutions, which stain viable and dead cells, respectively. |
Cap for EZ Top Container Closures for NALGENE-containers (500mL) | Saint-Gobain | CAP-38 | Brands and catalogue numbers are only for example, similar products are available from various suppliers and as long as they have the same functionality, items could be substituted with other brands. |
C-Flex Tubing, Formulation 374 (0.25 in x 0.44 in) | Saint-Gobain | 374-250-3 | Used for tube welding and disconnection. |
CryoMACS Freezing Bag 50 | Miltenyi Biotec | 200-074-400 | Used for expanding the 3D FloTrix vivaPACK Disposable Fill&Finish Consumable Kit. |
Dimethyl Sulfate (DMSO) | Sigma | D2650-100mL | Used for preparation of cryopreservation solution. |
Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) | BasalMedia | L120KJ | Used for cultivation of HEK293T and Vero cells. |
DURAN Original GL 45 Laboratory bottle (2 L) | DWK life sciences | 218016357 | Used for waste collection from the 5 L bioreactor. |
DURAN Original GL 45 Laboratory bottle (5 L) | DWK life sciences | 218017353 | Used for waste collection from the 15 L bioreactor. |
DURAN Original GL 45 Laboratory bottle (500 mL) | DWK life sciences | 218014459 | Used for supplementary bottle of 0.1 M NaOH. |
EZ Top Container Closures for NALGENE-containers (500mL) | Saint-Gobain | EZ500 ML-38-2 | Brands and catalogue numbers are only for example, similar products are available from various suppliers and as long as they have the same functionality, items could be substituted with other brands. |
Fetal bovine serum (FBS) superior quality | Wisent | 086-150 | Used for cultivation of HEK293T cells. |
FITC anti-human CD14 Antibody | BioLegend | 301804 | Used in flow cytometry for MSC identity assessment. |
FITC anti-human CD34 Antibody | BioLegend | 343504 | Used in flow cytometry for MSC identity assessment. |
FITC anti-human CD90 (Thy1) Antibody | BioLegend | 328108 | Used in flow cytometry for MSC identity assessment. |
Flow cytometry | Beckman Coulter | CytoFLEX | Used for cell identity assessment. |
Fluorescence Cell Analyzer | Alit life science | Countstar Rigel S2 | Used for cell counting. Cell viability can be calculated by staining with AO/PI dyes. |
GL 45 Multiport Connector Screw Cap with 2 ports | DWK life sciences | 292632806 | Brands and catalogue numbers are only for example, similar products are available from various suppliers and as long as they have the same functionality, items could be substituted with other brands. |
Glucose Meter | Sinocare | 6243578 | Used for detecting glucose concentration in cell culture medium and supernatant. |
Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS), with calcium and magnesium | Gibco | 14025092 | Used for preparation of digest solution. |
Human Albumin 20% Behring (HSA) | CSL Behring | N/A | Used for preparation of wash buffer. |
Inverted fluorescent microscope | OLYMBUS | CKX53SF | Used for brifgt field and fluorescent observation and imaging. |
Nalgene Measuring Cylinder (500 mL) | Thermo Scientific | 3662-0500PK | Used for calibrating the liquid handling volume speed of peristaltic pumps. |
Newborn calf serum (NBS) superfine | MINHAI BIO | SC101.02 | Used for cultivation of Vero cells. |
OriCell human mesenchymal stem cell adipogenic differentiation and characterization kit | Cyagen | HUXUC-90031 | Used for tri-lineage differentiation of hUCMSCs. |
OriCell human mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenic differentiation and characterization kit | Cyagen | HUXUC-90041 | Used for tri-lineage differentiation of hUCMSCs. |
OriCell human mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation and characterization kit | Cyagen | HUXUC-90021 | Used for tri-lineage differentiation of hUCMSCs. |
PE anti-human CD105 Antibody | BioLegend | 800504 | Used in flow cytometry for MSC identity assessment. |
PE anti-human CD19 Antibody | BioLegend | 302208 | Used in flow cytometry for MSC identity assessment. |
PE anti-human CD73 (Ecto-5'-nucleotidase) Antibody | BioLegend | 344004 | Used in flow cytometry for MSC identity assessment. |
PE anti-human HLA-DR Antibody | BioLegend | 307605 | Used in flow cytometry for MSC identity assessment. |
Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) | Wisent | 311-010-CL | Used in autoclaving of glass vessel and V01 microcarriers, and replacement of culture medium. |
Sani-Tech Platinum Cured Sanitary Silicone Tubing (0.13 in x 0.25 in) | Saint-Gobain | ULTRA-C-125-2F | Used for solution transfering driven by peristaltic pumps. |
Sterile Saline | Hopebiol | HBPP008-500 | Used for preparation of wash buffer. |
Trypzyme Recombinant Trypsin | BasalMedia | S342JV | This reagent is used for bead-to-bead transfer of HEK293T and Vero cells. |
Tube Sealer | Yingqi Biotech | Tube Sealer I | This sealer is compatible with both C-Flex tubing and PVC tubing. |
Tube Welder for PVC tubing | Chu Biotech | Tube Welder Micro I | Used for welding of PVC tubing. |
Tube Welder for TPE tubing | Yingqi Biotech | Tube Welder I-V2 | Used for welding of TPE tubing. |
ViaStain AO / PI Viability Stains | Nexcelom | CS2-0106-25mL | Dual-Fluorescence Viability, using acridine orange (AO) and propidium iodide (PI), is the recommended method for accurate viability analysis of primary cells, such as PBMCs, and stem cells in samples containing debris. |
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