这项工作是支持由美国国家科学基金会资助BCS0745880。

导言在认知神经科学领域，功能磁共振成像（fMRI）技术已成为标准的分析方法。功能磁共振成像的普及茎从现成的数据采集和分析技术，除了容易解释的结果，突出一个给定的认知过程与大脑相关区域的部分。然而，功能磁共振成像的时间分辨率差，因此无法跟踪快速的运作大脑的时空动态。如果认知神经科学家继续以主要使用功能磁共振成像，大脑功能产生的图片，将严重缺乏。与事件有关（ERPS）的潜力是使用量常常要少一些，尽管这种方法提供了良好的时间分辨率。本文的目的是在高密度的ERP数据采集所涉及的关键技术细节。人们希望，这些信息将促进认知神经科学的有效保护率在增加使用。 二。通用设备安装 ERP数据通常是测量在一个低水平的环境电磁场强度的位置，以尽量减少与神经信号的干扰。为了尽量减少这种干扰，有效保护率经常测量屏蔽金属腔（即一个法拉第笼），但它可能会找到一个可接受的水平（1毫克或更少，它可以测量使用环境的磁场强度与非屏蔽的位置电磁场米）。每个电极连接到一个放大器，这反过来又连接到数据采集计算机。一台单独的计算机是用于刺激呈现。为了尽量减少与神经信号的干扰，只有必要的供电组件应安置内的屏蔽室或录音的位置，如刺激显示和响应键盘（例如附近，灯具可以用于协助电极的应用，但应在录制过程中供电）。视频开关可用于显示数据采集计算机或一个单独的监视器上的刺激呈现计算机。如果是用来屏蔽室，所有的电缆可以通过在墙上的小导管（即在一个直径几英寸）或破解的大门。参赛者必须坐在一个舒适的座椅扶手和靠背高度，提供肩部的支持，以尽量减少颈部肌肉神器，但允许访问后下电极随后的电极阻抗减少。我们使用一个屏蔽室（屏蔽公司，新泽西州帕塞伊克，全球合作伙伴构建）和一个128通道Quik-Cap/SynAmps 2 NeuroScan系统（Compumedics美国，北卡罗莱纳州夏洛特） 。 三。第安置和电极的数字化电极通常是嵌入在氨纶帽，这大大降低了应用程序的时间。然而，在第相对电极的位置是固定的，它无需使用标准电极的配置，如10-20电极系统1或更高密度的变体，如10-5电极系统，精确定位，的可能性个别参与者的基础。提交标准格式的最终​​结果，我们的位置，每个参与者的大致位置电极奥兹口授10-5电极系统（然后标签的所有电极根据其近似10-5电极系统职位）。申请时的上限，确保它有左右对称，中线电极放置在头部中线，后最劣电极均优于颅骨颈边界，以避免颈部肌肉神器。虽然下巴带将充分保持在位置的第一个定制的腰带在腰部用维可牢紧固件水平，附加侧面带可改善头部的侧电极接触。眼睛附近的电极也可以申请随后去除眼动或闪烁文物。 虽然它是合理的假设电极的位置是相对整个与会者一致，在头部的大小和放置电极帽的差异会产生电极位置变异。为了解决这样的变异，电极的位置可以测量每个参与者。我们使用一个Polhemus FASTRAK数字转换器（科尔切斯特，VT）包括一个发射器，三个接收它的使用魔术贴（参与者议案改正）第坐骑，和一个用于记录每个电极的位置（这个硬件兼容Neuroscan的扫描/手写笔3DSpaceDx软件，我们使用数据采集）。无论所使用的数字化仪，它应根据指定的准则，如避免靠近大型金属物体和分离的发射器和接收器的电缆，安装。数字化仪应校准和测试的准确性和应该被移动，如果necessary，到不同的位置，直到空间定位是准确的。 四。减少电极阻抗电极位置的数字化后，参加者应在录音椅子坐在舒适。一些与会者感到更舒适，当一个折叠的手巾轻轻卷起自己的肩膀和椅背之间。然后，多电极帽应插入放大器。每个电极的阻抗必须减少等，这是一个预定的阈值以下。这是通过注入每个电极开放，这将允许电流流向头皮和覆电极之间的导电胶。要消除的交叉参与者污染，一个新的无菌注射器，先端钝针的可能性，必须使用每一个参与者。值得注意的是，虽然5 K＆Omegal是标准阻抗阈值，可以使用有点门槛较高，如果周围环境的电磁场强度是很低的。我们使用NeuroScan扫描软件测量电极阻抗，通过颜色显示在实时所有电极阻抗水平。有一些可以加快阻抗降低的过程，这是耗费时间最多的ERP数据采集方面的技术。重要的是要牢记，其目的是限制凝胶应用程序之间的头皮立即覆电极。这是推荐的，占主导地位的手控制凝胶注射器和应用程序，非主导的手，而执行的其他职能。充满注射器进行凝胶可以对头部没有参加不适休息，但不应该对头部按下。首先，对于一个给定的电极，它往往是有益的，用注射器几个圈，而它紧靠头部，移动干预头发。在此之后，同时轻按电极与非主导的手，少量的凝胶应在头皮注入，然后拉出注射器应同时继续注入凝胶之间的头皮和凝胶桥梁电极。凝胶电极开放突出应用纸巾擦去并丢弃。在某些情况下，进行凝胶将连接阻抗将与相邻的电极 - 这降低了空间分辨率，但通常是轻微的关注，因为有很多电极的高。凝胶首先应是适用于地面和参比电极，如果第一套电极阻抗都保持较高的凝胶应重新为这两个电极。凝胶通常随着时间的推移变得更加导电，策略之一是注入凝胶电极在头皮象限（如右后头皮），直到所有的阻抗开始下降，在未来象限注入凝胶电极，直到所有的阻抗开始下降，然后通过象限周期重新注入最高的阻抗电极凝胶。凝胶应用过程中应该强调指出，应该不会引起参与者的不适，应该明确的参与者，他们应该用语言表达任何不适，所以相应的动作，可以停止。 五，数据记录录制开始前，与会者应鼓励，进入一个舒适的位置和放松，以减少颈部肌肉的工件，并避免头部运动，可能会产生后的电极和椅背之间的联系。应该强调的参与者，在录制过程中，他们应该保持相对静止，作为主席的重大变动（它通常包含一个金属框架）可以产生电磁干扰。参与者应接收一个响应键盘和所有非必要的设备，附近的参与者，如灯光，应拆除或关闭。为了让后续的事件相关分析，每个刺激事件的发生，必须发出信号/触发刺激计算机和接收和存储与电生理数据。我们通过电子总理计划（心理学软件工具公司，匹兹堡，宾夕法尼亚州），包括自定义的内联端口的初始化和触发脚本， 免费提供3，触发器的并行端口通过发送这些触发脉冲，每个刺激呈现扫描软件接收和存储。应参考端口配置引脚输出，以确保使用有效的触发值。的相关性，大多数放大器的高通滤波器的设置是可以接受的，目的只是为了消除极低频成分（如DC）是短暂的神经反应无关。相比之下，可接受的低通滤波器的设置取决于录制环境。可用于在非常低的环境电磁干扰的环境下一个具有非常高的截止频率（如200赫兹）的低通滤波器的，这h最小化的神经反应，它含有较高的频率失真。在更高水平的干扰，较低的截止频率（如80赫兹）和60赫兹的陷波滤波器环境中可以使用这样的电生理反应是由神经信号为主。请注意，过滤也可以进行收购后的数据，软件，虽然在放大器级过滤，往往产生信号失真少。 六。清洁上限多电极帽，必须彻底清洗和数据录制完成后立即消毒。我们先浸泡在温水中的第5-10分钟，然后每个电极与正在运行的水流冲洗，以彻底清除所有导电胶。木棒棉签钝端，可用于清除在电极上的孔。然后浸泡在肥皂水温水浴（4夸脱的水和1-2盎司拨号组成）在第30分钟，以确保所有的凝胶已被删除，彻底用清水漂洗。为了避免交叉参与污染，帽必须在适当的混合水/消毒（如4份水，1部分Envirocide）浸泡15-30分钟，然后应彻底用清水漂洗。挂帽干时，应置于对称和无张力，因为它可能会保留一些干燥的程度，不规则的，如果可以减少随后的阻抗减少缓解。 七。分析概述数据处理前4由多个步骤，包括排除了穷人或间歇接触电极，去除闪烁文物，基线校正，和额外的高通或低通滤波。其次是前处理事件相关的平均，并改善空间分辨率可以进行ERP源定位5。我们使用的前处理，事件相关的平均BESA分析软件（Gräfelfing，德国），和源定位（BESA定期提供的为期两天的分析课程），与使用编写自定义脚本导出的事件相关的平均文件进行额外的分析在MATLAB（The MathWorks公司的Natic​​k市，MA）。

<ol>
	<li>Jasper, H. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+ten-twenty+electrode+system+of+the+International+Federation.">The ten-twenty electrode system of the International Federation.</a> Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 10, 371-375 (1958).</li><li>Oostenveld, R., Praamstra, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+five+percent+electrode+system+for+high-resolution+EEG+and+ERP+measurements.">The five percent electrode system for high-resolution EEG and ERP measurements.</a> Clin. Neurophysiol. 112, 713-719 (2001).</li><li>Slotnick, S. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+retinotopic+reactivation+during+spatial+memory.">Rapid retinotopic reactivation during spatial memory.</a> Brain Res. 1268, 97-111 (2009).</li><li>Slotnick, S. D., Handy, T. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Source+localization+of+ERP+generators.+In+Event-Related+Potentials:+A+Methods+Handbook.">Source localization of ERP generators. In Event-Related Potentials: A Methods Handbook.</a> , 149-166 (2004).</li></ol>

high density event-related potential  data acquisition in cognitive neuroscience

功能磁共振成像（fMRI）是目前的标准方法评估在认知神经科学领域的大脑功能，部分因为功能磁共振成像数据采集和分析技术都是现成的。由于磁共振成像具有优异的空间分辨率，但时间分辨率差，这种方法只能用来识别大脑活动的空间位置与给定的认知过程（并揭示了有关的大脑活动的时间过程中的几乎为零）相关。相比之下，事件相关电位（ERP）的录音，一个比fMRI的要少得多经常使用的方法，具有良好的时间分辨率，从而可以快速颞调制跟踪神经活动。不幸的是，在利用的有效保护率在认知神经科学，因为没有现成的数据采集技术和低密度ERP录音空间分辨率差。在努力促进的有效保护率在认知神经科学，涉及本文章详细介绍了在高密度的ERP数据采集关键技术越来越多地使用。更重要的是，高密度事件相关电位提供的承诺（或功能磁共振加上出色的空间分辨率，如果）良好的时间分辨率和空间分辨率好，这是必要的，以捕捉人类大脑功能的时空动态的。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about High Density Event-related Potential  Data Acquisition in Cognitive Neuroscience at JoVE.com

High Density Event-related Potential  Data Acquisition in Cognitive Neuroscience

事件相关电位（ERP）记录下在认知神经科学的利用，因为没有现成的数据采集技术，这种方法往往具有空间分辨率差。为了促进资源规划，在认知神经科学，涉及本文章详细介绍了在高密度的ERP数据采集关键技术越来越多地使用。

高密度事件相关电位在认知神经科学的数据采集

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is currently the standard method of evaluating brain function in the field of Cognitive Neuroscience, in part ...

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Neuroscience

12.5K 次观看.  Boston College. 事件相关电位（ERP）记录下在认知神经科学的利用，因为没有现成的数据采集技术，这种方法往往具有空间分辨率差。为了促进资源规划，在认知神经科学，涉及本文章详细介绍了在高密度的ERP数据采集关键技术越来越多地使用。

视频: High Density Event-related Potential  Data Acquisition in Cognitive Neuroscience

Applications of EEG Neuroimaging Data: Event-related Potentials, Spectral Power, and Multiscale Entropy

When considering human neuroimaging data, an appreciation of signal variability represents a fundamental innovation in the way we think about brain signal. Typically, researchers represent the brain's response as the mean across repeated experimental trials and disregard signal fluctuations over time as "noise". However, it is becoming clear that brain signal variability conveys meaningful functional information about neural network dynamics. This article describes the novel method of multiscale entropy (MSE) for quantifying brain signal variability. MSE may be particularly informative of neural network dynamics because it shows timescale dependence and sensitivity to linear and nonlinear dynamics in the data.

Neuroimaging researchers typically consider the brain's response as the mean activity across repeated experimental trials and disregard signal variability over time as "noise". However, it is becoming clear that there is signal in that noise. This article describes the novel method of multiscale entropy for quantifying brain signal variability in the time domain.

脑电图神经影像数据：事件相关电位，光谱功率，和多尺度熵的应用

When considering human neuroimaging data, an appreciation of signal variability represents a fundamental innovation in the way we think about brain ...

科研

神经科学

Somatosensory Event-related Potentials from Orofacial Skin Stretch Stimulation

Cortical processing associated with orofacial somatosensory function in speech has received limited experimental attention due to the difficulty of providing precise and controlled stimulation. This article introduces a technique for recording somatosensory event-related potentials (ERP) that uses a novel mechanical stimulation method involving skin deformation using a robotic device. Controlled deformation of the facial skin is used to modulate kinesthetic inputs through excitation of cutaneous mechanoreceptors. By combining somatosensory stimulation with electroencephalographic recording, somatosensory evoked responses can be successfully measured at the level of the cortex. Somatosensory stimulation can be combined with the stimulation of other sensory modalities to assess multisensory interactions. For speech, orofacial stimulation is combined with speech sound stimulation to assess the contribution of multi-sensory processing including the effects of timing differences. The ability to precisely control orofacial somatosensory stimulation during speech perception and speech production with ERP recording is an important tool that provides new insight into the neural organization and neural representations for speech.

This paper introduces a method for obtaining somatosensory event-related potentials following orofacial skin stretch stimulation. The current method can be used to evaluate the contribution of somatosensory afferents to both speech production and speech perception.

从口面皮肤牵拉刺激体感事件相关电位

Cortical processing associated with orofacial somatosensory function in speech has received limited experimental attention due to the difficulty of ...

High-density Electroencephalographic Acquisition in a Rodent Model Using Low-cost and Open-source Resources

Advanced electroencephalographic analysis techniques requiring high spatial resolution, including electrical source imaging and measures of network connectivity, are applicable to an expanding variety of questions in neuroscience. Performing these kinds of analyses in a rodent model requires higher electrode density than traditional screw electrodes can accomplish. While higher-density electroencephalographic montages for rodents exist, they are of limited availability to most researchers, are not robust enough for repeated experiments over an extended period of time, or are limited to use in anesthetized rodents.1-3 A proposed low-cost method for constructing a durable, high-count, transcranial electrode array, consisting of bilaterally implantable headpieces is investigated as a means to perform advanced electroencephalogram analyses in mice or rats.

Procedures for headpiece fabrication and surgical implantation necessary to produce high signal to noise, low-impedance electroencephalographic and electromyographic signals are presented. While the methodology is useful in both rats and mice, this manuscript focuses on the more challenging implementation for the smaller mouse skull. Freely moving mice are only tethered to cables via a common adapter during recording. One version of this electrode system that includes 26 electroencephalographic channels and 4 electromyographic channels is described below.

Instructions for the low-cost construction and surgical implantation of a chronic transcranial high-density electroencephalographic montage into mice are provided. Signal recording, extraction, and processing techniques are also described.

高密度的脑电图采集在啮齿动物模型使用低成本的开源资源

Advanced electroencephalographic analysis techniques requiring high spatial resolution, including electrical source imaging and measures of network ...

How to Find Effects of Stimulus Processing on Event Related Brain Potentials of Close Others when Hyperscanning Partners

The partners of each pair must be able to pass the McGill Friendship Questionnaire without communicating. Each partner is then seated in front of a screen in one of two adjacent rooms. These rooms are separated by a glass window through which participants communicate to maintain feelings of togetherness while being fitted with the EEG cap. After checking for adequate EEG signals, the glass is covered by a curtain to prevent visual communication. Then, partners must be silent but are instructed to try to feel in the presence of their partner during the entire experiment. Just before it starts, participants are told that each of them will be presented with one image at a time and that these images will occur at the same time for both of them on their own screen. They are also instructed that, for each trial, the simultaneous images will always be different. However, unbeknownst to them, trials are randomized: only half of them are consistent with this instruction and actually include two different images. These trials form the DSC, that is, the different-stimuli condition. The other half of the trials are inconsistent with the instruction. They include two identical images and form the ISC (identical-stimuli condition). After the experiment, participants are sorted into two groups: those who reported that they felt in the presence of their partner during the majority of the trials and those who reported they did not. The impact of the stimulus processing of the partner is found by subtracting the mean voltages of the ERPs of the ISC (inconsistent with the instructions) from the ERPs of the DSC (consistent with the instructions) in at least two time windows (TWs): firstly, in the 75 to 150 ms TW, where the absolute values of these subtractions are greater, especially at right frontal sites, in those who felt in the presence of their partner than in those who did not; secondly, in the LPP time window (i.e., from 650 to 950 ms post onset), where ERPs are significantly less positive in the DSC than in the ISC in those in whom the raw results of the early (75-150ms) subtractions are negative.

This protocol describes key steps involved in assessing the sensitivity of the brain of one person to the stimulus processing of a close other by selecting pairs of partners, recording their electroencephalogram (EEG) simultaneously and computing their event-related brain potentials (ERPs).

Hyperscanning 合作伙伴时如何发现刺激处理对近距离活动相关脑电位的影响

The partners of each pair must be able to pass the McGill Friendship Questionnaire without communicating. Each partner is then seated in front of a screen ...

Data Acquisition and Analysis In Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry In Mice

Brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) is of central relevance in the clinical neurophysiology. As other evoked potential (EP) techniques, such as visually evoked potentials (VEPs) or somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs), the auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) are triggered by the repetitive presentation of identical stimuli, the electroencephalographic (EEG) response of which is subsequently averaged resulting in distinct positive (p) and negative (n) deflections. In humans, both the amplitude and the latency of individual peaks can be used to characterize alterations in synchronization and conduction velocity in the underlying neuronal circuitries. Importantly, AEPs are also applied in basic and preclinical science to identify and characterize the auditory function in pharmacological and genetic animal models. Even more, animal models in combination with pharmacological testing are utilized to investigate for potential benefits in the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss (e.g., age- or noise-induced hearing deficits). Here we provide a detailed and integrative description of how to record auditory brainstem-evoked responses (ABRs) in mice using click and tone-burst application. A specific focus of this protocol is on pre-experimental animal housing, anesthesia, ABR recording, ABR filtering processes, automated wavelet-based amplitude growth function analysis, and latency detection.

Brainstem evoked response audiometry is an important tool in clinical neurophysiology. Nowadays, brainstem evoked response audiometry is also applied in the basic science and preclinical studies involving both pharmacological and genetic animal models. Here we provide a detailed description of how auditory brainstem responses can be successfully recorded and analyzed in mice.

脑干中的数据采集与分析 在小鼠中引发响应音频测量

Brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) is of central relevance in the clinical neurophysiology. As other evoked potential (EP) techniques, such as ...

How to Obtain Reliable Visual Event-related Potentials in Newborns

The present study discusses the characteristics of visual event-related potentials (VEPs) and outlines methodological steps for obtaining reliable measurements in newborns. Obtaining high-quality, reliable VEPs is crucial for the early detection of abnormal development of the central nervous system in at-risk newborns, and for implementing successful early interventions. Recommendations are based on a previous study which showed that when post-conceptional age, polysomnography-identified sleep stages, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) googles as the luminous source are controlled, no more than 4 repetitions of VEP averages are required to obtain replicable recordings, variability decreases, and reliable VEPs can be obtained. By controlling for these sources of variability and using statistical analyses, we were able to clearly and reliably identify the amplitude and latency of three main components (NII, PII and NIII) present in 100% of newborns (n = 20) during active sleep. Recording VEPs during awake states, quiet sleep and transitional sleep is not recommended because VEP morphology may differ significantly from one average to the next, leading to the risk of misleading clinical prognoses. Moreover, it is easier to obtain VEPs during active sleep because this state can be clearly and reliably identified at this stage of development, sleep cycles are short enough to allow measurements to be taken in a reasonable time, and the method does not require new o expensive equipment.

Several important points for obtaining high-quality reliable visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in newborns while minimizing variability and the risk of misleading prognoses are presented.

如何获得新生儿中可靠的视觉事件相关潜力

The present study discusses the characteristics of visual event-related potentials (VEPs) and outlines methodological steps for obtaining reliable ...

Reliable Acquisition of Electroencephalography Data during Simultaneous Electroencephalography and Functional MRI

Simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), EEG-fMRI, combines the complementary properties of scalp EEG (good temporal resolution) and fMRI (good spatial resolution) to measure neuronal activity during an electrographic event, through hemodynamic responses known as blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) changes. It is a non-invasive research tool that is utilized in neuroscience research and is highly beneficial to the clinical community, especially for the management of neurological diseases, provided that proper equipment and protocols are administered during data acquisition. Although recording EEG-fMRI is apparently straightforward, the correct preparation, especially in placing and securing the electrodes, is not only important for safety but is also critical in ensuring the reliability and analyzability of the EEG data obtained. This is also the most experience-demanding part of the preparation. To address these issues, a straightforward protocol that ensures data quality was developed. This article provides a step-by-step guide for acquiring reliable EEG data during EEG-fMRI using this protocol that utilizes readily available medical products. The presented protocol can be adapted to different applications of EEG-fMRI in research and clinical settings, and may be beneficial to both inexperienced and expert operators.

This article provides a straightforward protocol for acquiring good quality electroencephalography (EEG) data during simultaneous EEG and functional magnetic resonance imaging by utilizing readily available medical products.

同时脑电图和功能 MRI 期间的可靠脑成像数据获取

Simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), EEG-fMRI, combines the complementary properties of scalp EEG ...

Standardized Data Acquisition for Neuromelanin-Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Substantia Nigra

The dopaminergic system plays a crucial role in healthy cognition (e.g., reward learning and uncertainty) and neuropsychiatric disorders (e.g., Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia). Neuromelanin is a byproduct of dopamine synthesis that accumulates in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. Neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (NM-MRI) is a noninvasive method for measuring neuromelanin in those dopaminergic neurons, providing a direct measure of dopaminergic cell loss in the substantia nigra and a proxy measure of dopamine function. Although NM-MRI has been shown to be useful for studying various neuropsychiatric disorders, it is challenged by a limited field-of-view in the inferior-superior direction resulting in the potential loss of data from the accidental exclusion of part of the substantia nigra. In addition, the field is lacking a standardized protocol for the acquisition of NM-MRI data, a critical step in facilitating large-scale multisite studies and translation into the clinic. This protocol describes a step-by-step NM-MRI volume placement procedure and online quality control checks to ensure the acquisition of good-quality data covering the entire substantia nigra.

This protocol shows how to acquire neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging data of the substantia nigra.

黑质神经黑色素敏感磁共振成像的标准化数据采集

The dopaminergic system plays a crucial role in healthy cognition (e.g., reward learning and uncertainty) and neuropsychiatric disorders (e.g., ...

Acquisition of Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data in the Rat

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has become an increasingly popular method to study brain function in a resting, non-task state. This protocol describes a preclinical survival method for obtaining rs-fMRI data. Combining low dose isoflurane with continuous infusion of the &#945;2 adrenergic receptor agonist dexmedetomidine provides a robust option for stable, high-quality data acquisition while preserving brain network function. Furthermore, this procedure allows for spontaneous breathing and near-normal physiology in the rat. Additional imaging sequences can be combined with resting-state acquisition creating experimental protocols with anesthetic stability of up to 5 h using this method. This protocol describes the setup of equipment, monitoring of rat physiology during four distinct phases of anesthesia, acquisition of resting-state scans, quality assessment of data, recovery of the animal, and a brief discussion of post-processing data analysis. This protocol can be used across a wide variety of preclinical rodent models to help reveal the resulting brain network changes that occur at rest.

This protocol describes a method for obtaining stable resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data from a rat using low dose isoflurane in combination with low dose dexmedetomidine.

获取大鼠的静态功能磁共振成像数据

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has become an increasingly popular method to study brain function in a resting, non-task ...

Measurement of the Directional Information Flow in fNIRS-Hyperscanning Data using the Partial Wavelet Transform Coherence Method

Social interaction is of vital importance for human beings. While the hyperscanning approach has been extensively used to study interpersonal neural synchronization (INS) during social interactions, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is one of the most popular techniques for hyperscanning naturalistic social interactions because of its relatively high spatial resolution, sound anatomical localization, and exceptionally high tolerance of motion artifacts. Previous fNIRS-based hyperscanning studies usually calculate a time-lagged INS using wavelet transform coherence (WTC) to describe the direction and temporal pattern of information flow between individuals. However, the results of this method might be confounded by the autocorrelation effect of the fNIRS signal of each individual. For addressing this issue, a method termed partial wavelet transform coherence (pWTC) was introduced, which aimed to remove the autocorrelation effect and maintain the high temporal-spectrum resolution of the fNIRS signal. In this study, a simulation experiment was performed first to show the effectiveness of the pWTC in removing the impact of autocorrelation on INS. Then, step-by-step guidance was offered on the operation of the pWTC based on the fNIRS dataset from a social interaction experiment. Additionally, a comparison between the pWTC method and the traditional WTC method and that between the pWTC method and the Granger causality (GC) method was drawn. The results showed that pWTC could be used to determine the INS difference between different experimental conditions and INS's directional and temporal pattern between individuals during naturalistic social interactions. Moreover, it provides better temporal and frequency resolution than the traditional WTC and better flexibility than the GC method. Thus, pWTC is a strong candidate for inferring the direction and temporal pattern of information flow between individuals during naturalistic social interactions.

This protocol describes partial wavelet transform coherence (pWTC) for calculating the time-lagged pattern of interpersonal neural synchronization (INS) to infer the direction and temporal pattern of information flow during social interaction. The effectiveness of pWTC in removing the confounds of signal autocorrelation on INS was proved by two experiments.

使用偏小波变换相干法测量 fNIRS-超扫描数据中的定向信息流

Social interaction is of vital importance for human beings. While the hyperscanning approach has been extensively used to study interpersonal neural ...