neurostimulation system setup and symptom collection for patient at-home recordings

脑深部刺激治疗重度抑郁症

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a neuropsychiatric disease characterized by network-level aberrant activity and connectivity1. The disease manifests a variety of symptoms that vary across individuals, fluctuate over time, and may stem from different neural circuits2,3. Approximately 30% of individuals with MDD are refractory to standard-of-care treatments4, highlighting a need for new approaches.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a form of neuromodulation in which electrical current is delivered to targeted areas of the brain with the goal of modulating the activity. DBS for the treatment of MDD has been very successful in some applications5,6, but has also failed to replicate in larger studies7,8. All of the cited studies employed open-loop stimulation9, in which the delivery of putative therapeutic stimulation was continuous with fixed parameters. In contrast, closed-loop stimulation delivers stimulation based on a programmed biomarker or neural activity pattern associated with the symptom state10. There are two main implementations of closed-loop stimulation: responsive stimulation and adaptive stimulation11. Responsive stimulation delivers bursts of stimulation with constant parameters (e.g., frequency, amplitude, pulse width) when the programmed criteria are met. With adaptive stimulation, stimulation parameters dynamically change as a function of the measured biomarker, according to the algorithm, which may have multiple fix points or automated continuous adjustment. Stimulation can be continuous or intermittent with adaptive stimulation. Adaptive stimulation has shown superior efficacy to open-loop stimulation in controlling symptoms of Parkinson&#39;s disease12. Responsive neurostimulation for epilepsy13 is Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved, while early investigations of responsive stimulation for MDD14 and adaptive stimulation for Tourette syndrome15 and essential tremor16 also show therapeutic benefit.
To implement closed-loop stimulation, a physiological signal must be selected and tracked to inform when stimulation should be delivered. This feedback is the key difference between open-loop and closed-loop stimulation and is realized by selecting a biomarker. This protocol provides a procedure for determining a personalized biomarker according to the constellation of symptoms experienced by a given individual. Future meta-analyses across patients will reveal if there are common biomarkers across individuals or if the heterogeneous presentation of MDD symptoms and the underlying circuitry necessitates a personalized approach17,18. Using DBS devices capable of both sensing neural activity and delivering electrical stimulation allows for both the discovery of this biomarker and the subsequent implementation of closed-loop neuromodulation. This approach presupposes a close temporal relationship between neural activity and specific symptom states and may not be applicable for all indications or symptoms.
While indications such as Parkinson&#39;s disease and essential tremor have symptoms that can be measured using peripheral sensors (e.g., tremor, rigidity), symptoms of MDD are typically reported by the patient or assessed by a clinician using standardized questions and observation. In the context of amassing sufficient data to calculate a personalized biomarker, clinician assessments are not practical, and thus patient reports of symptoms through rating scales are used. Such scales include visual analog scales of depression (VAS-D), anxiety (VAS-A), and energy (VAS-E)19, and the six-question form of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-6)20. Concurrent recordings of neural activity and completion of these self-report symptom ratings provide a paired dataset that can be used to look at relationships between spectral features of the neural signal related to or predictive of high-symptom states.
Computational approaches, such as state-space modeling, can be used to uncover relationships between symptom states and neural features. Graph theoretic methods are attractive for characterizing a state-space21 because they enable the discovery of states over different timescales by explicitly modeling the temporal proximity between measurements22. A symptom state-space model identifies periods of time in which there is a common phenotype of the patient&#39;s symptoms and may pinpoint symptom sub-states in which the ratings on specific dimensions of the patient&#39;s depression differ based on the environment or context. A closed-loop approach relies on the detection of symptom states based on underlying brain activity. Machine learning classification is a final step that helps identify a combination of statistical features derived from brain activity signals that best distinguishes two or more symptom states14. This two-stage approach explains the variability in a patient&#39;s symptoms over time and links systematic patterns of symptom variation to brain activity.
The present protocol utilizes the NeuroPace Responsive Neurostimulation System (RNS)13,23. Procedures to determine the optimal stimulation site(s) and parameters are outside the scope of this protocol. However, the stimulation capabilities of a given device are important to consider when designing closed-loop neurostimulation. For the device used in this protocol, stimulation is current-controlled and delivered between the anode(s) and cathode(s). One or more electrode contacts or the Can (implantable neurostimulator [INS]) can be selected as the anode(s) or cathode(s). Stimulation frequency (1-333.3 Hz), amplitude (0-12 mA), pulse width (40-1000 &#181;s per phase), and duration (10-5000 ms, per stim) are all pre-programmed. The prior parameters can be set independently for up to five stimulation therapies; these therapies are delivered sequentially if the detection criteria continue to be met. It is not possible to deliver multiple stimulation waveforms simultaneously (e.g., one cannot deliver two different frequencies of stimulation concurrently). The stimulation waveform is a symmetric biphasic rectangular wave and cannot be changed.

作者聚焦：闭环深部脑刺激在抑郁症治疗中的治疗益处 

闭环神经刺激用于重度抑郁症的生物标志物驱动型个性化治疗

We are assessing the therapeutic benefit of closed-loop personalized deep brain stimulation for the treatment of major depressive disorder. This protocol outlines how to identify a personalized neural biomarker that is correlated with symptom severity, and then program an implanted neurostimulator to administer stimulation using that biomarker. Prior applications of deep brain stimulation for depression used continuous stimulation, which was always on, regardless of symptom status.This protocol describes using closed-loop stimulation in which we only deliver stimulation during high symptom states. Continued work to identify biomarkers for control of closed-loop stimulation will facilitate an approach where we can target the unique time courses of different symptoms.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Neurostimulation System Setup and Symptom Collection for Patient At-Home Recordings at JoVE.com

Neurostimulation System Setup and Symptom Collection for Patient At-Home Recordings  

用于患者家庭记录的神经刺激系统设置和症状收集

首先，确保患者在植入带有皮质深度导线的设备后已从手术中完全恢复。将遥测棒连接到编程器，并指示患者将其放在植入式神经刺激器上，以将其连接到系留帽上。使用编程器登录到患者数据管理系统，导航到正确的患者，选择编程，然后选择更改 ECOG 捕获选项。继续使用下拉选项将四个已配置通道的捕获窗口设置为最长 240 秒。使用下拉选项，将磁体预留的预留空间设置为 2，将任何其他触发器类型的值设置为零。选择“查看和计划”按钮，将新编程的设置与患者的植入式神经刺激器同步。验证表中的任何更改，然后选择“确认编程”按钮。要准备患者症状报告调查，请使用基于 Web 的调查工具（如 REDCap），包括 VAS D、VAS A、VAS E 的滑块以及 HAM-D 6 每个问题的选择响应。确保记录调查开始和完成的时间。向患者提供由 REDCap 生成的唯一 URL，以便通过电子邮件或短信评估症状调查。

neurostimulation-system-setup-symptom-collection-for-patient-at-home

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Neurostimulation System Setup and Symptom Collection for Patient At-Home Recordings

107 次观看.  University of California, San Francisco. 首先，确保患者在植入带有皮质深度导线的设备后已从手术中完全恢复。将遥测棒连接到编程器，并指示患者将其放在植入式神经刺激器上，以将其连接到系留帽上。使用编程器登录到患者数据管理系统，导航到正确的患者，选择编程，然后选择更改 ECOG 捕获选项。继续使用下拉选项将四个已配置通道的捕获窗口设置为最长 240 秒。使用下拉选项，将磁体预留的预留空?...

视频: Neurostimulation System Setup and Symptom Collection for Patient At-Home Recordings  

Closed-Loop Neurostimulation for Biomarker-Driven, Personalized Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder

Deep brain stimulation involves the administration of electrical stimulation to targeted brain regions for therapeutic benefit. In the context of major depressive disorder (MDD), most studies to date have administered continuous or open-loop stimulation with promising but mixed results. One factor contributing to these mixed results may stem from when the stimulation is applied. Stimulation administration specific to high-symptom states in a personalized and responsive manner may be more effective at reducing symptoms compared to continuous stimulation and may avoid diminished therapeutic effects related to habituation. Additionally, a lower total duration of stimulation per day is advantageous for reducing device energy consumption. This protocol describes an experimental workflow using a chronically implanted neurostimulation device to achieve closed-loop stimulation for individuals with treatment-refractory MDD. This paradigm hinges on determining a patient-specific neural biomarker that is related to states of high symptoms and programming the device detectors, such that stimulation is triggered by this read-out of symptom state. The described procedures include how to obtain neural recordings concurrent with patient symptom reports, how to use these data in a state-space model approach to differentiate low- and high-symptom states and corresponding neural features, and how to subsequently program and tune the device to deliver closed-loop stimulation therapy.

Deep brain stimulation triggered by a patient-specific neural biomarker of a high-symptom state may better control symptoms of major depressive disorder compared to continuous, open-loop stimulation. This protocol provides a workflow for identifying a patient-specific neural biomarker and controlling the delivery of therapeutic stimulation based on the identified biomarker.

Deep brain stimulation involves the administration of electrical stimulation to targeted brain regions for therapeutic benefit. In the context of major ...

科研

神经科学

To begin, ensure the patient has fully recovered from surgery following the implantation of the device with cortical in depth leads. Connect the telemetry wand to the programmer and instruct the patient to hold it over the implantable neurostimulator to attach it to a tethering hat. Using the programmer, log onto the patient data management system, navigate to the correct patient, select Programming, and then choose the Change ECOG Capture option.Proceed to set the capture window to a maximum of 240 seconds for the four configured channels using the dropdown selection. Using the dropdown selections, set the reserve space for magnet reservations to two and the value to zero for any other trigger types. Select the Review and Program button to synchronize the newly programmed settings with the patient's implantable neurostimulator.Verify any changes in the table and select the Confirm Programming button. To prepare for the Patient Symptom Report Survey, use a web-based survey tool such as REDCap, including sliders for VAS D, VAS A, VAS E, and selection responses for each question of the HAM-D 6. Ensure to log the time of survey start and completion.Provide the patient with the unique URL generated by REDCap for assessing the symptom surveys through either email or text message.

Procedure for Concurrent At-Home Symptom Reports and Neural Recordings

Instruct the patient to set up the equipment, including the remote monitor and wand, magnet, and device for completing the survey. Turn on the remote monitor and, using the wand, interrogate the device. Then download the electrocorticography recordings since the last interrogation to the remote monitor.Swipe the magnet over the implantable neurostimulator to trigger a magnet recording. Start a timer and use the previously generated, unique REDCap URL to complete the symptom survey. After four minutes have elapsed or the patient completes the survey, whichever is longer, the patient will swipe the magnet over the implantable neurostimulator again to trigger another recording After at least 80 seconds, use the wand to interrogate the device again and transfer the data from the two magnet swipes to the remote monitor At least once a day, connect the remote monitor to the internet using ethernet and select Transfer Data and Synchronize on the remote monitor to send the collected data to the cloud.

并发家庭症状报告和神经记录的程序

Programming Device Detector Settings for Closed-Loop Neurostimulation

Begin by logging onto the patient Data Management System, using the programmer. Next, select the correct Patient, Programming, and Change Detection. Based on the selected personalized biomarker, select the correct channel for detecting the activity.For activity detection, select Rhythmic Activity, which connotes a band pass detector. Click More Controls in Advanced Settings. Select the desired minimum and maximum frequency.Ensure to turn on the band pass and turn off the line length in Area Settings. Additionally, set the inversion logic to Not Inverted. Program the detector by setting the minimum amplitude to 0.8%and the minimum duration to 0.64 seconds.After selecting all the detector settings, click the Done button to close all programming windows. Place the wand over the patient's implantable neurostimulator, and select Review All Changes in Program RNS. The biomarker discovery of symptoms was performed based on the neurospectral power between the low depression and the high depression states.It was found that the best choice for a frequency-specific biomarker in this example is 13 to 30 hertz of OFC, three to four.